Cishe lokho ukuthi umkhiqizo wesizwe onzima kakhulu, ifomula yokubala, nokuthi kufanele uhlaziye izinguquko

Izindaba zivame ukushiwo ngokuwa noma ukukhula komkhiqizo wekhaya owenziwe emazweni ahlukahlukene. Sizoqonda ukuthi kusho ukuthini i-GDP, ifomula yokubala ukuthi limelela, futhi nokuthi yiziphi izinhlobo zalesi sikhombisi.

Umqondo we

I-GDP ngumkhiqizo owenziwe ekhaya. Lesi sibonakaliso sisetshenziselwa ukuhlola umnotho wamazwe ahlukene. Umkhiqizo wangaphakathi wekhaya ubonisa yonke imikhiqizo ekhishwe kanye nezinsizakalo ezinikezwe izwe elibalwa ngalo. Ifomula yokubala i-GDP ihlanganisa zonke izimpahla namasevisi akhiqizwa noma anikezwe kuhulumeni.

Ngokujwayelekile, umkhiqizo wekhaya osemthethweni ubalwa unyaka owodwa. E-Russia, kubalwa ku-ruble, futhi uma udinga ukuqhathanisa inkomba namanye amazwe, khona-ke izibalo ziguquke zibe ngama-dollar ase-US.

Kunezinhlobo eziningana ze-GDP, indlela yokubala ngayinye yazo inezakhe, futhi yenzelwe ukukhombisa kangcono isimo somnotho ngokucabangela izinto ezihlukahlukene.

Mayelana nomkhiqizo omkhulu oqokwe

I-GDP ebizwa ngokuthi i-GDP iyinkomba ejwayelekile yokubala imishanguzo yokuthuthukiswa komnotho kahulumeni. Inani lalo lixhomeke emthamo wokukhiqiza, kanye nezinguquko ezingeni lamanani emikhiqizo eyenziwe.

I-GDP egunyaziwe, ifomula ehlinzekwa ngezansi, ayikwazi ukusetshenziswa ukuqhathanisa ukuthuthukiswa kobuzwe bamazwe ahlukene. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngeke kuhambisane nokuqhathaniswa nokuthuthukiswa komnotho wezwe elifanayo ngezikhathi ezahlukene.

Kubalwa njengenani lemikhiqizo eyenziwe kanye nezinsizakalo ezenziwa ezweni:

I-GDP yegama elimele = Σ yokukhishwa kwezwe + Σ yamasevisi anikeziwe.

I-GDP yangempela, indlela yokubala kwayo kanye neziphetho ezingasetshenziswa

I-GDP yangempela ibonisa umthamo wokukhipha kanye nezinsizakalo ezinikeziwe, ngokubheka ukwehla kwemali. Lolu hlobo lwenkomba luyalinganiselwa kakhulu ekuqondeni isimo sangempela sezinga lomnotho nezwe lokukhiqiza

Kunezimo ezinjalo, ukuthi i-GDP ikhuphuka ngamaphesenti amaningana phakathi nonyaka, kanti ukukhuphuka kwamanani emali esikhathini esifanayo kungaphezu kuka-10%. Futhi lesi sibonakaliso sibonisa ukuthi isimo somnotho siwohloka, ngisho naphezu kokukhula kwemikhiqizo yokukhiqiza. Okusho ukuthi, ukubona isithombe sangempela, ucabange ngezinqubo ze-inflation ngesikhathi sokucwaninga, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa i-GDP yangempela.

Ifomula yokubala umkhiqizo wangempela owenziwe ekhaya :

I-GDP yangempela = izinga le-GDP / inani lamanani eliphelele.

Ukusebenzisa inkomba yamanani, ungakwazi ukubala izinga labo jikelele, elisetshenziselwa ukubala i-GDP yangempela. Ngokuvamile, i-CPI (inkomba yamanani wabathengi) isetshenziselwa inkomba yamanani. I-CPI ingabalwa ngesisekelo sezindleko zemikhiqizo ezifakwe kubhasikidi yomthengi.

Kukhona nokubalwa kwangempela kwe-GDP okusekelwe ku-PPI (index price price). Le nkhomba ihlukile kulokho kuphela izimpahla ezikhiqiziwe ezifakiwe ekubalweni, ngaphandle kokubheka izinsizakalo ezinikeziwe. Amanani abakhiqizi kuphela asetshenzisiwe.

Le nkomba ngokuvamile ibalwa yizimboni zombuso zomhlaba wonke, kanye nezinkampani ezizimele ezihlaziya isimo somnotho.

Umkhiqizo omningi wekhaya wasekhaya ekuthengeni amandla amandla

Ukubala le nkhomba, sebenzisa ifomula elandelayo yokubala i-GDP:

Umkhiqizo omningi wekhaya wasekhaya ngokuthenga amandla ngegama = GDP ebizwa nge-US dollar / inombolo yabakhile bezwe.

Lesi sibonakaliso sinokungabaza, nakuba sisetshenziselwa ukuqhathanisa umnotho wamazwe ahlukene. Njengoba kubalwa, abacwaningi basetshenziswa ngokujwayelekile isimiso sokuthenga amandla. Ngokusho kwakhe, emazweni ahlukene ungathenga izimpahla ezifanayo zenani elifanayo ngokuguqulwa okulungile kwesilinganiso sokushintshaniswa kwezimali ezihlukahlukene zezwe.

Kuze kube manje, umholi ekuthuthukiseni umnotho kule nkomba yiChina, esanda kudlula umholi waphakade - i-United States.

Mayelana ne-GDP deflator

I-deflator yomkhiqizo omningi wekhaya uyingqikithi ekhethekile ye-GDP, ifomu lokubala ukuthi yikuphi okulandelayo:

I-GDP deflator = (I-GDP ebizwa ngamanani amanani waminyaka / i-GDP yangempela) * 100% ngonyaka wamanani entengo.

Ukubala kusekelwe ezintweni zamanje ebhasikisini labathengi, ngokungafani nenani lentengo labathengi, ngokusekelwe ezintweni zesikhathi sokuqala.

Kubalulekile ukuthi uqaphele ukuthi izibalo zithinta zonke izimpahla kanye nezinsizakalo izwe elikhiqizile. Futhi, inkomba ayihlanganisi izimpahla ezifakiwe.

Ukusebenzisa le nkomba, ukwehla kwamandla emali akukwazi ukucatshangelwa ngokugcwele. Uma kuhlaziywa i-deflator, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi kubheka imikhiqizo emisha nezinsizakalo okungenzeka ukuthi zingekho esikhathini sokuqala.

I-GDP yikhombisi ebaluleke kakhulu yomnotho womnotho wezwe

Ngenxa yokuhlaziywa kwezintambo zazo zonke izinhlobo zomkhiqizo omningi wekhaya, umuntu angakwazi ukwahlulela isimo somnotho kazwelonke wezwe. Isibonelo, uma kuphela umkhiqizo owenziwe ngokweqile wekhaya wasekhaya, lokhu akusho ukuthi ukukhiqiza kukhulile. Kubalulekile ukuhlola ukukhula ngeGDP langempela, okuzokhombisa umphumela wokukhula komnotho, ukushintshwa ezingeni lentengo yemali.

Futhi ukuze uqhathanise umnotho wamazwe ahlukene, kungcono ukusebenzisa umkhiqizo owenziwe ekhaya, okuzocabangela amandla okuthenga. Ngemuva kokubala umkhiqizo omningi wasekhaya ngomuntu ngamunye, ungaqonda ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza futhi uqhathanise amazwe ahlukene ngabantu.

Kusobala ukuthi uma umkhiqizo wangempela wezwe wasekhaya ukhula njalo, lokhu kubonisa ukwanda kwezenhlalakahle zomphakathi ngamunye, kanye nokwanda kwamandla abo okuthenga. Futhi uma izinkomba zomkhiqizo wekhaya olubi ziqhubeka ngokuwa, uhulumeni kufanele acabange ngezizathu.