Jikelele intengo amazinga emnothweni

Ukuze sithole imizwa kanye isimo digital emnothweni kwanoma yiliphi ilizwe wasebenzisa amadoda amaningana izinkomba ezahlukene. Lezi zihlanganisa i-jikelele amazinga intengo. Lokhu aggregate ungaphakathi inqubo ukuhlaziywa kusiza ukwakha umqondo wokuthi isimo ekushintsheni komnotho ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, futhi uthole umbono ocacile ngokuthi ukwehla kwamandla emali amazinga ophilayo, isimo imikhakha ngazinye emnothweni. Okulandelayo izindlela nezimiso ukubala kanye nokuhlaziywa, kanye nethonya izici futhi ezinye izici.

Izincazelo nezindlela ukubala

Inani - inombolo amayunithi yemali, okuyiwona mthengisi Uzimisele ukunikela omunye iyunithi izimpahla. kwesamba esivumelekile lula angabacwasi ukuze uthole ngasiphi isibalo izimpahla ezifanayo. Uma kuziwa ukuhlela kanye nokuhlaziywa lonke emnothweni wezwe, kunesidingo ukubhekana okunhlobonhlobo izimpahla kanye namasevisi, izindleko okumele kubhekwe. Kulokhu, a inkomba ekhethekile isetshenziselwa ngokuhlanganisa. Izinga jikelele amanani inquma value isilinganiso ukubaluleka izimpahla namasevisi e emnothweni yezimpahla ahlukahlukene. Ukuletha ukubaluleka emgqeni ngamunye ngamunye, ngamanye amazwi, ukuze level heterogeneity ibhalansi yabo evamile. Lokhu kwenziwa kungaba ngekulandzela ubuningi noma inani, ngokusebenzisa izindlela ukubala, ababiziweyo index Paasche, noma Layspeyresa amanani. Eyokuqala ukhombisa amazinga sentengo noma ukunyuka kwezinga intengo kwezimpahla esikhathini isizinda. Eyesibili ibonisa degree of ushintsho amanani kwesikhathi isizinda ngenxa ukwanda noma ukwehla yokubika.

Ububanzi kanye nokuhlaziywa ubuqili

amazinga intengo kubalwa umnotho sisonke ngokuhlukile izimboni zayo. Ezinjalo njengoba izimboni, ezolimo, ezokuthutha, izindlu, kanye eziyinkimbinkimbi ohlanganyelwe, njll Ukuze ukuhlaziya imisebenzi namanye amazwe is amazinga amanani yezimpahla zithunyelwa futhi amazwe ibalwa. Kulokhu, musa acabangele amanani entengo emakethe yasekhaya, okusho lezo sasungulwa emakethe yasekhaya isimo. Isimiso esibaluleke kakhulu yokuhlaziya iwukucabangela amagugu izinkomba ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ngamanye amazwi zibaluleke ngaphezu akuyona amagugu digital futhi lo mkhuba izinguquko.

GDP deflator

Inkomba ezivamile asetshenziswe ukuhlaziya amazinga intengo, ibalwa ngokumane uhlukanisa GDP okuzisholo real. Ngesisekelo imibuso eyakha lo ifomula, ibizwa ngokuthi deflator GDP. Ukubala wenziwa izikhathi eziningana futhi ibonisa izinga amanani. Izinga lokwehla kwamandla emali kuleli cala nakanjani zenzeka ngenxa kuyanda njalo izindleko izimpahla kanye namasevisi, kanye ukwanda supply imali ejikelezayo. Ukuze uthole ukuhlaziya okugcwele kufanele uqhathanise ukusebenza nezikhathi eziningana ngaphambi bese silungisa ezingeni ejwayelekile appreciations. Izibalo ngokuvamile enziwa nge isimo ejensi kwezibalo. Amanani wabonisa lula ukufunda nokuhlaziya abekho Ngokwamanani emali futhi njengoba amaphesenti.

Deflator sokuzifunela ukusetshenziswa izindleko

Futhi, ngokuvamile jikelele intengo ezingeni kubhekwa ngosizo inkomba, ebalwa njengoba isilinganiso kwenani eliyimali abendlu ukusetshenziswa yokugcina yobukhulu bawo zangempela. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi deflator sokuzifunela ukusetshenziswa izindleko. Kulokhu, ukubaluleka ngokulinganisa of izindleko esithathwayo ngamanani samanje, futhi ngempela - e njalo. Isici esiphawulekayo lokhu inkomba ukuthi akusiyo ekuthonyweni izinguquko izintandokazi komsebenzisi wokugcina, esekelwe yenguquko ukusuka imikhiqizo ezibizayo kunemifuziselo eshibhile.

enanini

I osobala kakhulu inkomba sesithathu uquqaba. Ibizwa ngokuthi i-index of amanani umthengi. Kulokhu, ekunyuseni amanani ezingeni yabalelwa ngesisekelo izinguquko ukubaluleka okuthiwa "ubhasikidi". Kuhlanganisa ukudla, ezidingekayo ukuze umuntu ekuphileni okuvamile enempilo, izidingo zansuku zonke futhi inhlanzeko yomuntu siqu, izingubo nezicathulo. Zonke ezinye izingxenye ngeke ifane kuye lokube nawo ezingeni lekuphila. Kwamanye amazwe it is kunakwe kuphela kudingekile kakhulu, futhi abanye - ukuzijabulisa nokuzilibazisa phakathi kwabanye. Le nkomba e ukucabangela isiyonke ezingeni engenayo isilinganiso umndeni kukunika umbono okucacile amazinga okuphila, mayelana nalolu shintsho intengo kanye nomthelela wakhona izimpilo labantu yembuso. Kulinganiselwa njengoba isilinganiso elula lamanani isizinda kanye nezikhathi yokubika.

izici kwethonya

Kukhona inala yakho kokubili izimo unomphela futhi variable futhi izenzakalo ezithinta amazinga intengo. Izimpahla kanye namasevisi e emakethe yasekhaya yezwe ziyashintsha value abo ngqo kakhulu ekuphenduleni:

• I iyehla iyenyuka intengo emhlabeni kungukuthi ezihlobene nomsebenzi sangaphakathi isimo. Umkhawulo kubonakala izindleko amandla (uwoyela negesi), kanye nemikhiqizo ngekucindzetelwa prime (ushukela, okusanhlamvu, amafutha), futhi izimpahla, ukukhiqizwa kwanoma okuyinto ahlobene nawo.
• I engazinzile isimo sezombusazwe kuleliya lizwe (inguquko, izinxushunxushu zombango ushintsho njalo kwamandla, njll).
• izinhlekelele zemvelo ezingalindelekile, kufake hlangana ukulahlekelwa izitshalo, umonakalo kanye nezinye imiphumela emibi.
• Kuye yokuthekelisa noma yokungenisa ukwencika State phezu jikelele intengo ezingeni kuleli zwe ingaphinda ehlaselwe lezi zici Kulezo zifunda, okuyinto efakwe ubudlelwano abaseduze angaphandle kwezomnotho.
• Ukuba khona kanye nempumelelo umthetho olwa-monopoly, isiqondiso isimo zamanani kubhasikidi umthengi, noma ukungabi oluphelele vmeshateltva ezinjalo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, e-ukuhlaziywa kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ayanda izinga jikelele amanani, aba maningi nemali edingekayo ukuze umthengi sokugcina. Kulesi sisekelo nesidingo njé imali uyohlale ziyahlukahluka silingane jikelele intengo ezingeni.