Lwemali imakethe Russia - ukusungulwa kanye nentuthuko

Ukuthuthukiswa komnotho eRussia njengoba isakhi ephezulu ukusebenza akunakwenzeka ngaphandle kumiswa emakethe yezimali. The main ingxenye kwezimakethe wemakethe lwemali.

Russian exchange angaphandle emakethe uye wazakhela futhi kwakhiwa parallel ukuthuthukiswa kanye nokuhlelwa kabusha komnotho. Ngo-USSR, yena wethulwa esinakho isimo, olawula ngokugcwele yi-Central Bank futhi Vnesheconombank. Agents ngokuba ukulawula exchange angaphandle ukuthengiselana kwakungamadodana State Bank, State Commission Yokuhlela kanye Ministry of Finance.

Ngasekupheleni kwawo-80-yalolucwaningo izinga lokushintshisana uye azibonisi ngempela amandla wokuthenga. Ngalesi sikhathi umsebenzi kwezomnotho angaphandle uzama ngivuselele uhlelo ngokusebenzisa ukwethulwa isethi olukhethekile exchange rate. Njengoba sasingekho isizathu exchange emakethe angaphandle uqobo. Zonke emakethe exchange angaphandle lahlukaniswa laba izingxenye, ingxenye ngayinye usetha ruble exchange yayo ingamaphesenti. Umehluko amanani kwaba kakhulu. Phakathi ukuthuthukiswa komnotho emakethe sekukhona izinyathelo ezincane lokuqala ukuxegiswa umthetho Russian emakethe exchange angaphandle. Ukuze sikhuthaze exchange emakethe yasekhaya ku 1992 yasishiya Presidential Isimemezelo, okuyinto ayeyale ukuhamba lwemali isungule indlela ukudayiswa lwemali.

Okudingeka sokuthuthukiswa exchange angaphandle emakethe Russian kungenziwa lihlotshaniswa inqubo kumiswa uhlelo yasebhange - ababili abaphuma (kulawulwa Bank of Russia nase ngamabhange). Eyokuqala lwemali Ukuhwebelana babeyizinceku. Ukushintsha lokuqala onjalo kwakuyiNkosi CJSC "MICEX". Uniform ethengisa ngesilinganiso ruble-zithenga futhi dollar okokuqala iye ngokuqinile esabekwa MICEX ukuhweba ukusebenza imiphumela.

Ekupheleni kuka-1992 kwakheka isakhiwo exchange angaphandle emakethe yethu. Futhi akukho mbuzo, lokho emakethe lwemali eRussia.

FZ "Ngo lwemali Regulation kanye lwemali Control" futhi okwamanje main kule ndawo. Kuchaza namandla emizimbeni, okuyinto zenzelwe ukuba afeze Izilawuli lwemali, limelela izimiso eziyisisekelo lwemali zokukhokhelwa in Russian Federation, ichaza imithwalo namalungelo abantu nezinhlangano ezingokomthetho ukuze isetshenziswe, ukusetshenziswa kanye exchange of ubunikazi. Futhi emthethweni bababonisa umthwalo ukwephulwa emkhakheni exchange angaphandle imisebenzi umthetho. Umthetho kususa Izilawuli exchange futhi aqede izithiyo ekuthuthukiseni ikhomponethi enjalo ebalulekile emnothweni kazwelonke njengoba exchange angaphandle emakethe yeRussia. Ngeshwa, base methodical futhi lobuchwepheshe usesebuthaka, ukuze ngokugcwele ukufeza ukuthekelisa nokulawula yokungenisa. Ukuze uthuthukise zokulawula nohlaka olubhekele weza Council of Ministers, okuyinto ichaza zokuqinisa Izilawuli kokubili angaphandle futhi exchange angaphandle. Imakethe exchange angaphandle uye waba ekugcineni elibukhali ngokusemthethweni.

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi lwemali emakethe Russian akwenzeki ngokuphazima kwayona, futhi kuhambisana nazo zonke izimfuneko ebekwa izikhungo abolekise omhlaba ezifana -International Monetary Fund. On the izincomo yesikhwama Russia uzisusile uqhekeko kwamanye amazwe emakethe yethu cashless kanye imali. Lokhu kwenza izakhamuzi, sijime futhi engeke lwemali ukuthengiselana ngokuhambisana nemithetho. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kukhona imfundo ka Bank of Russia, okuyinto ichaza inhlangano umsebenzi wonke amahhovisi exchange, ngaphandle kokukhetha, kwi insimu yezwe. Lonke exchange amaphuzu inethiwekhi usumisiwe ngokulandela imiyalelo.

Russian exchange angaphandle emakethe kumele ithuthukiswe kuhambisana inhloso yayo main - kuqiniswa izinga lokushintshisana kwe-ruble Russian. Lokhu kudinga izinqubomgomo ngempumelelo yemali.