Kandalaksha State Reserve

Ukuvikelwa izindawo zemvelo basafunda esikoleni ngaphakathi "wemvelo" isiyalo. Kandalaksha Reserve - iyathinteka. Ibanga phezu kwendawo amahektheli ezingaphezu kwamashumi amahlanu nesishiyagalombili phezu Insimu Murmansk esifundeni futhi kubhekwa inqolobane ukuze kuvikeleke eziningi Waterfowl. Eziningi zazo - Sea uBarents. Mayelana izinyoni ayehlala kule ndawo evikelwe ngumbuso, babhala hhayi kuphela izincwadi. flora Local nezilwane kubhekwe ngokuningiliziwe umlobi odumile V Bianchi.

Indaba

Njengezilwane eziningi nezinye izinqolobane nemvelo futhi zokulondolozwa eRussia, Kandalaksha yadalwa ukuze silondoloze uhlobo oluthile izilwane nezinyoni. Kulokhu, eider ezivamile, okuyinto idume phansi yayo futhi phesheya has value elikhulu. Ngo-1932, lapho ukubulala ngokungemthetho izinyoni, ukubhujiswa izidleke zawo futhi amaqanda lokuqoqa ukudayiswa ifinyelele izikali ohlabayo, futhi esiqiwini yasungulwa. Ekuqaleni lalibhekwa, kwabekwa nesisekelo esingokwesayensi lapho ornithologists sengifunde nezinyoni ezihlala kule ndawo. Kancane kancane isibalo nezinyoni zamanzi belilokhu ziyanda.

Inani

Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, lo Kandalaksha State egicna imvelo wayiswa e-Ofisini ekomidini efanele. Lokhu kunyuke ukulawula endaweni evikelwe futhi bandise imingcele yayo namuhla.

Okwamanje, kunzima overestimate ukubaluleka leentjhabatjhaba Kandalaksha egicna imvelo, elise lawo manzi bay ngoba kulondolozwe kwendawo izinyoni zasemanzini.

izimo ezindawo

Le ndawo zemvelo ezivikelwe itholakala ogwini loLwandle uBarents kanye echwebeni elincane White. Sun Kandalaksha kungenzeki kuze kufinyelele ezinsukwini eziyisishiyagalombili ilandelana, eduze Seven Islands - amane. Noma kunjalo, phakathi nazo lezo polar ebusuku ubusika izilwane enikeziwe ukuphila okuvamile kwansuku zonke.

Kandalaksha Reserve Itholakala zone zezulu, kuthonywa ukugeleza Murmansk. I engavamile izimo zemvelo kwendawo amanzi likhulu lokushisa amaconsi, Ukupholisa abukhali ngakho futhi ukushisa okukhulu okuye kwaphawuleka kuzo zonke izinkathi zonyaka.

impumuzo

Isakhiwo Geological kwendawo eye athumba Kandalaksha State egicna imvelo, amatshe ezithakazelisayo kahle walondoloza eyenziwa eminyakeni engaphezu kwezigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezintathu. Isimo sezwe kwamiswa ngaphansi kwethonya glaciations okuphindaphindiwe. Kuyamangalisa lolwandle enhle, igagasi kuphulwa kanye imiphini kwakhiwa kusuka roll ulwandle amatshe nokunye ezinguzungeni ezinkulu. Ubude Kandalaksha egicna imvelo ungumnikazi izinto Geological amathathu nanhlanu kokuba isimo izikhumbuzo zemvelo.

Kuhlanganisa cishe amakhulu amane namashumi amahlanu iziqhingi babe ezihlukile futhi izakhiwo, izinhlobo eziningi izimila - emadwaleni nqunu futhi ezindaweni esinabantu amahlathi. Ukusakaza nasemachibini bit Reserve. Bonke ngezindawo anabantu abambalwa kakhulu. I enkulu - futhi omkhulu Kumyazhe Serkinskoe - e amamitha angu eziyishumi ukujula.

Flora

Kandalaksha Reserve esembozweni sawo vegetative siqukethe ezingaphezu kuka eziyisithupha namashumi amathathu. Ogwini iWhite Sea futhi iziqhingi ubuswa uphayini sonwele. Zikhona izitshalo eziningi, okuvame ukuhlotshiswa ngayo ngasolwandle - sedge, utshani kanye Asteraceae.

Marshes Indawo egicna imvelo zihlukaniswe sedge, ukotini utshani futhi izihlahlana - kuncike izimila, zingabantu oqavile. Nokho, amadamu abacebile e utshani ezinkulu. Ngisho ezikhulayo ngasogwini lomfula ngomhlanga neze yakha amahlozi obukhulu.

Ezindaweni lapho ithola ulwandle kanye herring gull, nezimila zahlukahlukene kakhulu, njengoba inhlabathi kulezi zindawo is avundiswa kahle. Lapha ungabona ezinkulu-chamomile, chickweed, eyebright futhi Sorrel, Buttercup, njll

izilwane

Kandalaksha Reserve has cishe sasiyikhulu namashumi ayisithupha zama-nezilwane zendawo. Kulawa, amabili nanye zezilwane ezincelisayo, elinamanci mathathu ezine - izinyoni, izinhlobo ezimbili zezitshalo zezilwane ezihuquzelayo, ezintathu - izilwane zasemhlabeni.

Izilwane ezidla ezinye ezifana lynx, Wolverine futhi impisi, kuvamile esiqhingini Grand. Nokho, kukhona muntu unomphela, njengoba le ndawo lincane kakhulu kubo.

Kusayithi engumakhelwane Omkhulu kukhona khona ababili noma abathathu bear. I wokugodlwa njalo impungushe bukhoma futhi marten, uchakide futhi Ermine futhi mink. izinombolo zabo angeke ngokuthi amaningi: incike khona amagundane amancane.

Hare - the kabanzi kunazo isilwane noboya, uhlala kuzo zonke iziqhingi esiqiwini. Ebusika enomoya lapha futhi ngezinye izikhathi kunezindlela namabhere. On the amachibi, lapho izimila ocebile, wathola aphinde abhukude abuyele muskrat kusukela omunye komunye esiqhingini bese ukhetha indawo efaneleka kakhulu ukuphila.

Kusukela ezincelisayo ezincane kukhona izimvukuzane ezivamile futhi lemmings evelayo ensimini ka zone evikelwe ngesikhathi mass yabo Ukuthuthwa kuphela.

izinyoni

Kuwo wonke unyaka, siphile capercaillie, grouse emnyama grouse futhi intendele, kanye nezinye izinhlobo titmice, Iziqophamithi futhi cuckoos. Entwasahlobo, lapho kukhona izinyoni ezifudukayo, ehlathini liphile esiqiwini nemvelo. Ikakhulukazi imihlambi eziningi zezinyoni ngasogwini, e kwaphela uphayini sonwele amahlathi. Lapha ungathola redwing, grouse partridges, abahlukumezi ezifana kestrel, merlin kanye isikhova hawk. Emaxhaphozini sikhule izimpande sandpiper nezinkuni sandpiper, snipe futhi ulit okukhulu.

izitshalo avikelwe ngokukhethekile

Nakuba zonke izinhlobo begazi abahlala esiqiwini Kandalaksha ngeke aze agcinwe, nakuba imakwe zilwane lapha eziningi ezingavamile ezisohlwini Red Encwadi kokubili eRussia kanye Murmansk esifundeni. Banezinhliziyo ngesimo esingokomthetho avikelwe ngokukhethekile.

Kusukela Red egwalweni Murmansk esifundeni liphawuleka mayelana amane nambili amaphesenti lonke inani ezisengozini yokuqothulwa, ezinhlanu zazo - kungcono amakhowe, amathathu nane - lo ulele, liverworts futhi amabili, okufanayo esinezimila moss. Phakathi yezilwane ezinomgogodla ezingaba eziyisithupha avikelwe ngokukhethekile inhlanzi, abameleli ababili ezihuquzelayo nezilwane eziphila ezweni, nezinyoni amane nambili kanti ezinye izilwane ezincelisayo.

Izitshalo atholakala endaweni Kandalaksha Bay, futhi kwenye indawo emhlabeni etshalwa ikakhulu ezindaweni ezivikelekile. Phakathi kwabo nokugedla siqhingi, futhi i-arctic Sunflower beloyazychkovy dandelion.

Izilwane Okuvikelwe Ngokukhethekile

Esiqiwini nezinhlobo amabili eziyisikhombisa. Izimvu zamanzi Atlantic grey, kanye cormorants esikhulu onesiqhova Atlantic Kandalaksha Reserve - olwenzeka endaweni eyinhloko futhi zizalela e lonke elaseRussia. Ngaphandle kwalokho, lapha isidleke eider kwengqondo (okuyilokho, eqinisweni, ekuqaleni umuntu wadalwa kule ndawo evikelwe), i-golden eagle, nengqungqulu, peregrine uheshe, ukhozi elimhlophe-tailed, merlin futhi zaseScandinavia Ring Ouzel. Kuvikelekile Ngokukhethekile ezincelisayo zasolwandle abhekwa Kunezinhlobo eziningi imikhomo namahlengethwa, kanye uphawu ezivamile, polar bear futhi isilwane sasolwandle esikwaziyo futhi ukuphila ngaphandle ezweni esinamazinyo azingxavula .

ucwaningo

Kandalaksha Reserve, abacwaningi abafunda ngokuhlobana kwenziwe umsebenzi walo kusukela buqala, ekuqaleni isebangeni ngokwaso njengoba indawo lapho kwakudingeka ukugcina labantu eider amadada noma. Phakathi iDemo inkathi yangaphambi impi sitawetfwala ucwaningo yokuqala ngqa olunzulu zasolwandle, kamuva waba zakudala.

Ngemva kwempi uhla umsebenzi iye kancane kancane ukunwetshwa. Ngaphezu siqhuba isifundo ngemvelo kwezinye izinyoni zasolwandle lapha ke baqala inqubo ehlelekile for echaza esiqiwini, izimila zasolwandle intertidal imiphakathi.

Njengoba imiphumela zonke kokuma okujwayelekile ehlangana zibe yokubika idokhumenti yonyaka, okukhulunywe kanje :. "Annals of Nature ku Kandalaksha Reserve" He is isifinyezo samanje zokuqapha eziphilayo, futhi kufaka phakathi idatha on ukuthuthukisa bioprocesses kwesizini. Lowo Mbhalo wangonyaka we lichaza imigomo izimila eziqhakazayo futhi fruiting ezitshalweni ezahlukene, isiqalo ekupheleni entwasahlobo noma ekwindla ukufuduka, isilwane yokuzalela inqubo kanye nolwazi mayelana izinombolo zabo.