Abasunguli be-Odessa: umlando edolobheni, izikhumbuzo kanye amaqiniso athakazelisayo

I zwe alilona neze umuzi ofana noka-Odessa kwi ukunambitheka enkulu yokuphila kwakhe. It kuzibonakalisa charm imvelo eningizimu, idolobha izakhiwo, eyinkimbinkimbi ngokuhlanganisa amasampula ezihlukahlukene izitayela. Kodwa into eyinhloko, yebo, abantu bayo - nhlobo abantu esiyingqayizivele ngokuthi Odessites, ukukhuluma kuphela yena ehambisana 'Odessa "ulimi. Ubani wasungula le umuzi osogwini we aluhlaza oLwandle Black emhlabeni?

kuye kwaba isikhathi esingakanani!

Ukukhuluma nge umnqopho, abasunguli yangempela Odessa - akulona Duc de uRichelieu futhi elikhazimulayo Prince A. Potomkin, ngubani udumo lolu dumo. Abakhileyo kuqala Odessa kwaba okhokho bethu ezivamile - abakhileyo Paleolithic, ogama yokupaka abavubukuli namanje uthole ogwini olungasentshonalanga yoLwandle kwe-Gulf of Kuyalnik. Ukuwalandela nenkulungwane BC lokuqala e-Odessa bay amabhishi babebhekwa uhlezi Owesizwe Cimmerians. Ziyakwazi ezimbili nengxenye abantu eminyakeni eyinkulungwane edlule ushintshe amaSkithe futhi bunjengelanga namagagasi ethi awafike yoLwandle Olumnyama.

Kodwa imithetho nomlando ngekutsi. Futhi ngokushesha lezi babeyizidlova baxoshwa amaGreki, ukwazi ngesikhathi zonke charm impucuko okusezingeni eliphezulu. Ukudala izindawo kuleli Luzanovka zamanje kanye isici Port de Commerce (noma, Ngamafuphi nje, izindawo zokuhweba), abantwana bakwa-Hellas wahlala khona kwaze kwaba AD II leminyaka. Futhi kwesokunxele ensimini letinengi umsebenzi emivubukulweni yanamuhla. Kodwa kuye kwanyamalala kulezi zindawo ngaphandle kokuya umlando njengoba abasunguli Odessa. Lokhu kuhlonishwa abazitholayo.

Ephakathi nezinhlamvu zabo

NgeNkathi Ephakathi wonke ndawo enkulukazi eseduze Odessa bay, ngokuphindaphindiwe baba inyamazane abanqobi bakwamanye amazwe. Lapha, izizwe Slavic lasendulo Ulichi ephethwe isikhashana bese Tivertsy, adlula phezu kwabo izindimbane Tartar, welula kubo esandleni okuzingela Omkhulu Duchy of Lithuania. Kuze ekugcineni, ekhulwini XVIII, hhayi inkathi yokubusa WaseTurkey.

Ephakeme Order of Umama Empress

Lapho namuhla rustle Acacia Seaside Boulevard, ake wama inqaba Turkish Yeni Dunya, eyayinecilongo amashwa ukuze zidonse ukunaka we I. jikelele V Gudovicha, okuyinto ilandelwe 1789 ngasekhanda kwezinhloko zamaviyo Russian Bender. lamabutho zayo eziphambili iphansi kwesandla sika-Ukubala Joseph de Ribas Jose athumba lenqaba entathakusa ngo-September 13, ekuvimbeleni ethembekileyo ukuqedela umthandazo ekuseni, lapho engene inqaba kunombolo Trophies impi Russian-Turkish ka 1787-1791.

ngemva kokuba kweminyaka emibili sasayinwa iSivumelwano Jassy, okuyinto uqede izingxabano. Ngokusho idokhumenti, ngaphansi intonga Russian isuke endaweni enkulu, ebizwa okusha Russia. Ngokwengxenye yayo entshonalanga, ogwini Black Sea, iNdlovukazi uCatherine II yakhipha umyalo wokuba ngo-May 27, 1794 ngaphambilini ukuqala ukwakhiwa komuzi, le nqaba kanye ne-port. Ngakho, ngomvimbo esibayeni bobukhosi ithole ilungelo ukuphila kulo muzi esiyingqayizivele.

Igama elinikeziwe osanda kuzalwa

Umsebenzi wakhe abasunguli Odessa waqala ncamashi izinyanga ezintathu. Inqwaba lokuqala ayisa phansi kwandulelwe isevisi onesizotha nge ukufafaza ngamanzi angcwele. Abafisa ukunikeza idolobha esizayo ubunikazi European ngempela, iNdlovukazi ethunywe iphrojekthi ukwakhiwa unjiniyela Dutch and umklami Fransua De Vollanu, wangenela inkonzo Russian e 1787 ngaphansi ukusekelwa inxusa Russian e-The Hague.

Ngakho-ke wavula umhlaba ukuthi lapho izingane ukuzalwa kwakhe hhayi kuphela banikwa amagama, kodwa wonke umuzi. Ngemva konyaka kuqale ukwakhiwa ngayo lapho usana itshe baba ngabokuqala ukuba ngokuthi igama lakhe langempela - Odessa ezenzeka njengoba abacwaningi bakholelwa, kusukela igama kwelinye idolobha kweGrisi yasendulo Odessos, okhe kancane ngasempumalanga, ogwini okwamanje Tylihul Estuary.

Deribas - umsunguli Odessa

City, ozalwa ngomthetho Empress, lakhiwa ngaphansi kweso omunye amaqhawe ngenkathi Catherine, Vice Admiral Iosifa De Ribas, amaqhawe angamaqhawe kakhulu ukuthi uma ngokushesha wathatha inqaba Turkish Yeni Dunya. wohlanga olukhulu Spanish ngokuzalwa, uye njalo eliqhutshwa ukoma phambili adventure, waphila elikhanyayo ukuphila futhi egcwele uhambo Amazing kakhulu wakwazi ukukhonza njengephayona ngesakhiwo akufani adventure amanoveli.

Njengoba umsunguli Odessa neMeya walo wokuqala, de Ribas immortalized igama lakhe isihloko emgwaqweni omkhulu Deribasovskaya. Kunjalo, ngamanye amazwi, ngaphandle esasihlukanisa Isiqalo French ahlukile "de", ukuyibiza Odessa. Itshe lesikhumbuzo yamnika udumo lo ndoda izakhamuzi eziningi zakuleli dolobha sezisungule kuphela ngo-1994, yaqondaniswa nge ukugujwa bicentenary komuzi.

Okwesibili imeya Odessa

Lapho 1803 de Ribas wayiswa Petersburg, e inxuluma zikanokusho ehhovisi lakhe elise nezindawo zokuhlala eduze imeya, futhi wehla emlandweni njengoba umsunguli Odessa. Akuzange abadumile ngaphansi kuneyokuqala, iNkosana de uRichelieu - Aristocrat isiFulentshi, eleza ngemva French Revolution kusevisi Russian. lesikhumbuzo yakhe Okuthwesa umqhele womusa lo Potemkin Izitebhisi, baba uhlobo litshwayo edolobheni.

Duke kwaba kakhulu smart futhi umlawuli abanamakhono. Phakathi nesikhathi sokubusa kwayo (1803-1815 GG.) Edolobheni olwenziwa ukwakhiwa olubanzi, kukhona ezitaladini entsha eziningi kwaphulwa izingadi, bakha lama-Orthodox namaKatolika, isinagoge, ibhalekisi, emakethe, izikole evulekile wadala kwesigubhu ngoba amanzi ahlanzekile, ngaleso sikhathi kwaba efanele kakhulu.

Izithelo weBhodi abantu ehloniphekile

Siyabonga ekuholeni kwakhe ehlakaniphile, Odessa, like kwenye indawo, indawo evumayo ukuthuthukiswa ukuhweba. Naphezu kwemibuso ububanzi anikezwe naye ngu-Alexander I, umsunguli Odessa Duke (Duke) de uRichelieu yesibili wazibonakalisa asihlakaniphile ngokwanele ukuba balahle izinto ezincane commerce wendawo esitokisini sokuqondisa, kokushiya yomthengisi ukukhetha ngendlela elula ukuthuthukisa ibhizinisi labo. Ngakho wamonyuka waya edolobheni inqwaba osomabhizinisi Russian angaphandle, futhi ngendlela efanele, futhi izihloko zazo.

La madoda amabili, abasunguli Odessa - Vice Admiral Iosif De Ribas, kanye Duc de uRichelieu - wadala idolobha egcwele hhayi kuphela isikhungo kwezomnotho kanye namasiko New Russia, kodwa futhi izinqaba enamandla oLwandle Olumnyama, akuzona zonke indaba ibonisa ekuhlaseleni isitha.

Ababenesibindi nokuphana Ukubala Langeron

Ngo 1815, imeya Odessa wathatha beka umuntu nezinye engengaphansi uyakufanelekela - Bala Alexander Fedorovich Langeron. Igama lakhe, umboze ngenkazimulo ezindongeni ka-Ishmayeli, e lokushaya okwakuthatha ingxenye eceleni A. V Suvorovym. Njengoba abantu besikhathi wabonisa, ngaphandle isibindi yenza ngokuphelelwa yithemba, izinga wakhe oyinhloko kwakuwukushumayela ukupha ziphoqelelwe ukuba zihlanganyele * lokugcina kunoma ubani, abangathanda ke noma ucele.

Ukuba ilungelo edolobheni iminyaka engamashumi amathathu cishe duty-free yokungenisa izimpahla (duty-free imodi port), yena ahlanganiswe unspeakably yakhe, kodwa yashiya ngemva kokufa izindlalifa indlu encane futhi ipulazi cishe zonakale. Ngo-Odessa, phakathi neminyaka ka-Aleksandru Fedorovich uvele Botanical Garden namapaki eziningana, yaqala ukunyathelisa iphephandaba lokuqala kuleli dolobha, futhi wavula iminyango zayo uRichelieu Lyceum, elaba yesibili eRussia emva abadumile Tsarskoye Selo.

City glitz okunethezeka

Esikhathini esizayo, emthaleni ekhazimulayo izimeya bajoyine Prince Mihail Sergeevich Vorontsov. Siyabonga kuye, Odessa atholwe isicwebezelisi ahlukile. Ukuba umbuso omkhulu wokuba ebuhlotsheni izikhulu ephakeme Russia naseNgilandi, wakwazi ukuheha ukuze edolobheni amalungu amaningi umphakathi eliphezulu futhi labo, hhayi kokuba igama elikhulu, kwadingeka nokho isimo okuqinile. Lokhu isikhulu wasiza umkakhe ngokuyothenga izinto - Aristocrat Polish Countess Bronitskaya. Ngenxa uxhumano yayo Odessa basePoland wathutha eziningi imikhaya ocebile.

Lokhu kuye kwaba negalelo ekuchumeni okwengeziwe kwezentengiselwano, ukuvela amatiyetha ezintsha kanye zokudlela. Ukuchuma kusukela ukuhweba okusanhlamvu kanye naletinye tinhlaka temphakatsi edolobheni njalo enwetshiwe ifakwe izinto zesimanje. Sikwazile ukufeza isandiso of duty-free semikhumbi eminye iminyaka eyishumi, Prince Vorontsov wenza Odessa kwekulu shopping centre eningizimu yeRussia.

inkumbulo elingabuniyo ekusungulweni Odessa

Ngo-2007, uCatherine Square we dolobha lakhiwa kabusha ngo-1900, elamiswa futhi adiliza ngesikhathi lesikhumbuzo baseSoviet ukuthi abenze noma abasunguli Odessa. Ukwakheka umqophi M. P. Popova uyisihluthulelo of uCatherine II, ephakanyiswe esisekelweni esiphakeme, futhi emi phansi abangane bakhe abane. Phakathi kwabo - sekushiwo de Ribas, kanye nosaziwayo kwenkathi A. Potomkin, de Volan futhi PA Zubov. Ngamunye wabo kwashiya izibazi umlando edolobheni.

Kwaba isenzakalo esibalulekile empilweni yamasiko kwalesi sigodi. Odessa imisebenzi ngokuvamile zinothile nenqwaba amakhosi emakhulwini eminyaka adlule namuhla. Abaningi babo baziwa yobuciko. Lena lesikhumbuzo ukusiza iNkosana u de uRichelieu, emhlobisweni Boulevard ngasolwandle Prince Vorontsov e Cathedral Square, imbongi Polish Adamu Mickiewicz ekuqaleni Alexander Avenue nabanye abaningi, nobuhle Odessa.

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi umlando uye walondoloza amagama kuphela labo, ngenxa yesimo okusezingeni eliphezulu kwezenhlalo futhi esemthethweni kwakufanele nomthelela ku ukukhula nokwakheka kwalo, umsunguli kweqiniso yedolobha lase-Odessa abakhumbula - labo are ngaphezu kwamakhulu amabili eminyaka edlule, ngezandla zabo yawudala elangeni-wabhaka ogwini loLwandle Black. Umsebenzi wabo wazalwa isimangaliso, wakhazinyuliswa izimbongi eziningi, isibe nabantu abaningi abahle kakhulu ekhaya. Kuyinto abantu - umsunguli Odessa kweqiniso. Umlando komuzi - baloku.