Unyaka ka isisekelo Rostov Elikhulu, kukhulunywa ngaye okokuqala emibhalweni yaminyaka yonke iminyaka 862

Rostov Elikhulu - omdala idolobha Russian. Abavubukuli ogwini lweLake uNero wathola ubufakazi wemizi yasendulo ezikhathini Neolithic. Yingakho ngonyaka esiqondile isisekelo Rostov Elikhulu akukwazi ukusungulwa. iminyaka eyinkulungwane ethile edlule wabokuqala bakha khona. Ngokwemvelo, bonke babeyizidumbu amaqaba, amathempeli abo eziningi ukukhuluma ngakho. Unyaka we kukhulunywa ngaye okokuqala emzini Rostov uyovikela hhayi kuze kube manje. "Tale of esidlule Iminyaka" likhombisa 862-th, futhi 991 beza abakhileyo Rostov-Orthodox.

isikhungo abangamaKristu e-mpumalanga yeRussia

Kusuka lapha kuya emadolobheni aseduze nasemizaneni ngokushesha ubuKristu, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ubuqaba wamelana emisha, isikhathi eside kakhulu. Ngisho engamashumi ayisishiyagalombili ezweni Rostov ngoba azinikele entsha inkolo wafa. Ngakho, wabulawa amaqaba Bishop Leonty e 1071. Ngaphezu zenkolo, Rostov Elikhulu, ogama labantu iminyaka eminingi bavikela Russia kusukela yangaphakathi isitha ukuhlasela kwebutho elivela empumalanga nasenyakatho, yena owaba yisikhungo kwezomnotho nezombusazwe ubukhulu of Kiev. Kungaleso kweza Rostov ababusi - amadodana izikhulu Kievan.

Unyaka Omkhulu Rostov isisekelo asiyazi, kodwa ukubala uqhutshwa kusukela yokuqala okukhulunywa ngayo "Tale of esidlule Iminyaka". Futhi ngosuku lomuzi 2012, ayegubha iminyaka engu-1150th weparele i- "Golden Ring". Ukhumbula izikhulu abadumile ungeze inkazimulo edolobheni. Amadodana St uVladimir - zamaBap- Rus ', umthetho ofanayo lapha. Lokhu elikhazimulayo Yaroslav Mudry, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi wabulawa Svyatopolk Damned, futhi Prince Boris, ngubani, kanye nomfowabo Gleb, Murom isikhulu, waba Saints kuqala. Umuzi Rostov Omkhulu abantu abaningi abadumile ayebone phakathi nokuphila kwakhe isikhathi eside - amaqhawe elikhulu futhi izigebengu ezinkulu.

Ngu Yaroslava Mudrogo ukuba Andreya Bogolyubskogo

INdodana Yaroslav Vsevolod, Prince Kiev, Rostov Wanika izwe indodana yakhe - Vladimir Monomakh. Khona-ke imithetho lapha Yuri Dolgoruky, kusukela umuzi Rostov Veliky lidlule phakathi kwelifa loonyana abadumile ukuze asindise ukuphila kwakhe olungile Prince Andreyu Bogolyubskomu. Zonke kungaba kuhle, kodwa hhayi wahlala lapha kokwesikhulu. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi unyaka isisekelo esikhulu Rostov kwaba ngisemncane kakhulu, u-Andrew ethutha ikomkhulu kusukela Rostov uVladimir. Izakhamuzi zedolobha ekucasulayo kuze kwedlulele: kungani ungenzi alinganayo Kiev Rostov, hhayi uVladimir? Ikakhulukazi ukuthi kakade Yuri Dolgoruky waqala ukubiza kulo Rostov Elikhulu. Nokuningi kanye lezizwe ezihlukahlukene European and nice - wonke amarekhodi agcwele epithets.

Izicukuthwane Wacasuka futhi izinhloso ezimbi. Intertwining emhlabeni Andreya Bogolyubskogo uzungu okubi futhi igazi. Ngokusobala, kwakungenakwenzeka ukuba benze kanjalo. Maduze, idolobha elisha Rostov futhi Novgorod ncane nabo zabo ezinkulu. Namuhla, edolobheni elidala futhi ziphansi ngokuya labantu futhi endaweni nokwenza ezintsha - ukuze Nizhny Novgorod futhi Rostov-on-Don. Mhlawumbe uJehova ajeziswe. Nokho, ngaleso sikhathi indaba Rostov Elikhulu Kwakumnandi ngempela, futhi isihloko sakhe, wayegqoke ezingaphezu kuka emfanele. Senzeka ngaleso sikhathi idolobha elikhulu kunawo wonke-Russian, etholakala endaweni kwamahektare anamakhulu mabini.

ekhulwini nantathu

Unyaka Omkhulu Rostov base sasikude ngemuva ukuthi ngokuya labantu kanye ndawo, liye landa kangangokuba waba ngowesibili kuphela Kiev futhi Novgorod. Ngemva ngokubulala ngesihluku Andreya Bogolyubskogo e 1174 izakhamizi wakhetha engumbusi kwabo isikhulu Novgorod, kodwa Mstislav kwakungelona ukuthatha umuzi omkhulu ngaphansi sephiko lalo.

Ezinye iziqondiso ngesikhathi umzalwane Andrew uMichael, bese eqala ukubusa e Rostov, Vsevolod Nest Big sahlala sobukhosi kwesikhulu kuze 1212. Ke kwabakho ukulwa isikhathi eside futhi olunegazi phakathi kwamadodana akhe, kwenzeka ngisho impi encane lapho Constantine wahlulwa washiya ukubusa Stolnyy uVladimir futhi Rostov wathatha Yuri wawehlula.

ezimbili namaqhawe

Ngemva kokufa Constantine yesihlalo sobukhosi Rostov wahlala indodana yakhe cornflowers. Bobabili - futhi Yuri, cornflowers - fighters babehlonipha futhi wayithanda kakhulu yibo bonke abantu ayebaphethe. Bobabili bashona ngosuku olulodwa ngo-March 1238 e belwa temnik Batu Burundai. Yuri anqunywe ikhanda futhi cornflowers futhi ekuthunjweni, kodwa hhayi isikhathi eside. Wenqaba ukukhonza AmaTatar futhi wabulawa.

Laba babusi wanezela ohlwini Saints e Russian Land weshumu. Mangisho ukuthi phakathi nokubusa bekhulu weshumi nantathu, izwe ngokoqobo iqhakazile: zezindela esakhiwe of Rostov Elikhulu, impindiselo yakhiwa. White itshe Cathedral of kweNyuka, okuyinto namanje uyaziqhenya komuzi, yaqedwa ncamashi isikhulu cornflowers.

Ababhali Warriors

Okuningi of Constantine, okuyinto ahlonishwe isihloko Esihlakaniphile uthando yobuciko, ulwazi ukufunda okuningi, ukwakhiwa amathempeli, waqala e-Russia imfundo emphakathini. Ngo 1204, ngokusekelwe yesivalo Grigorievsky - esikoleni zenkolo, owokuqala eRussia. Bishop uCyril ukubukelwa knigopisi: naye nanye amakhodi isikhumba senziwa, esasikuyo lucky ngokwanele ukuze abone. Chronicle zeminyaka 862 kwakunzima kuphela, obhekisela emzini Rostov.

Kodwa amaTartar baqhubeka kuphangwa yabo. Izikhathi eziningi ibutho Rostov babhubha izimpi cishe ngokuphelele. City ayikwazanga ezimweni ezinjalo, ukuba simelane bahlaseli, kodwa ngoba akuyona kaningi ashisiwe esiphangiwe nesiphundliwe. Noma kunjalo, ngisho noma esikhathini esibi kakhulu Tatar-Mongol ukwakhiwa ijoka idolobha baqhubeka, zemihla ngemihla nasutha. Nokho, izakhamuzi Rostov ze hlonipha ngokugcwele ubani. Ngokuphindaphindiwe ezenzeka esikhathini ukuvukela ukubusa AmaTatar. Ngolunye usuku ngo-1320, u-Ivan Kalita, iSikhulu eMoscow, ngesihluku ukuyiveza omunye wabo. Boyars zonakala ngokuphelele. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kanye nabazali St uSergiyu baphoqeleka ukuba bathuthe emzini wabo edolobheni, beya emzaneni Radonezh.

zombango nezimpi

Emakhulwini amabili eminyaka ilandelana - lweshumi nane kanye lweshumi nanhlanu - baqhubeka kwehlukana we Rostov ubukhulu, ngenxa yalesi sizathu, ukubaluleka zezombusazwe yomuzi omkhulu wawa ngokuya. Esikhathini 1328-m, ngisho umuzi ngokwawo waba yizinqamu ezimbili, phakathi Prince uConstantine abazukulu. Candlemas we ngokushesha ilawulwe eMoscow, futhi Boris futhi yathengwa ngu Moscow ngokusebenzisa engaphezu kweyikhulu Ivan III. Battle of Kulikovo wanxusa bonke abantu Russian. Angazi uhlale sibukela kanye maphakathi Rostov Elikhulu.

Rostov squad sama ngaphansi banner Dmitry Donskoy. Kulesi impi iqhaza futhi wafa heroically ezimbili Rostov Princess - Darya Rostovskaya futhi Antonina Puzhbolskaya. Basuke wangcwatshwa Rostov mayelana enkantolo Prince, lapho umshana ka Sergiya Radonezhskogo kamuva, u-Archbishop uTheodore, eyasungulwa lezindela Christmas. Incazelo Rostov Omkhulu leyo minyaka uthi indawo enhle njengomumo womhlaba namanje washiya umuzi maphakathi imizila yezohwebo - lapha endleleni baya White Sea, futhi ngekhulu leshumi nesithupha, England yavula ihhovisi yokuthengisa e Rostov.

Kusukela ezombusazwe ukuze ubu-Orthodox

Kodwa kusukela ukuphila kwawo ngokuqondene nezombusazwe of Rostov ngokuya nani. Nokho shirilos lakhula kanye nethonya layo empilweni isonto yezwe. Ekhulwini nane, ababhishobhi bendawo baqala ukubiza abakhulu, futhi 1589 lo archdiocese yasungulwa lapha. Isikhathi Nezinkinga ulilethele makhulu ukuhlupheka edolobheni. ekuqaleni nje ukuba kabusha i inqaba zobumba ayekubona maphakathi Rostov Veliky, umsebenzi sasikude kakhulu ekupheleni, futhi umuzi wawuyigolide ungazivikele.

Esikhathini Rostov belwa nabasePoland namanje beza, futhi kuye kwaba amathuba ukungalingani kakhulu okuphumelela cishe ilingane no-zero. I abavikeli komuzi, kwalimala nezakhamuzi, abasindile baphephela kweNyuka Cathedral. Izitha kwafika isikhathi ukuba sithonye Metropolitan Filaret (Romanov, uyise inkosi ikusasa Mikhail Fedorovich). Kodwa isitha ababebalekele wabulala ungahawukelanga ubani. Bashisa ethempelini uqobo, futhi wonke umuzi, wedolobha uthathiwe ayiswe umkhohlisi Amanga Dmitry - Tushino isela. Nokho, umhlali Filaret bathandile, futhi baye bakhalaza ngesihloko umbhishobhi omkhulu.

lapho Romanovs

Lapho nabasePoland naseLithuania usule emuva ekhaya, Rostov kancane kancane waqala alulame, futhi into yokuqala baqhubeka ukwakha izinqaba. Earthworks, okuyinto esasikuyo manje nayo yayibiyelwe edolobheni nhlangothi zonke, liyinkanyezi nesasiboshwe imisebe. Abaningi izakhiwo kuyakhiwa ezidiliziwe, ngisho amasonto. Nokho, isisulu zaphumela ngeze - phezu Rostov akuzange kudingeke ukuba zizivikele ekulweni nesitha. A enqabeni nethonya elikhulu ukuqhubeka edolobheni, eyaqala emakhulwini amabili eminyaka ilandelana - nesishiyagalombili futhi nesishiyagalolunye.

Lapho kukhulunywa ngaye okokuqala emzini Rostov Velikiy kude kwaba iminyaka eyinkulungwane, futhi phakathi naleso sikhathi ushiye kutimela isikhungo yayo yangaphambili zokuphatha. Nokho, e-Rostov Backwoods akaphendukanga. It uye wathonya umnyango waseRussia endala wedolobha, umsebenzi III kaJona, Metropolitan of Rostov, kusukela 1652 kuya 1690, izinguquko uMbhishobhi Omkhulu Nikon futhi koqhekeko leSonto Lobu-Orthodox. UJona wathatha isibusiso sika Nikon, ngakho yawela ihlazo nenkosi Alexei Mikhailovich. Ngaleso sikhathi wayesekhonza waphakanyiselwa le Rostov ezibiyele, zonke kwemibhoshongo weNkantolo Metropolitan, alungisa amathempeli amaningi. Kodwa ngaphezu kwakho konke isibe sibonga aziwa edumile Rostov uJona Call: insimbi lil umsindo ukuthi abantu ukumangala Orthodox.

saint uDemetriyu

Enye isonto ovelele we Rostov Elikhulu Dimitriy Rostovsky, abagcotshwa, kwaba Metropolitan kweminyaka eyisikhombisa kuphela, kodwa wakwazi ukungena emlandweni isimo ezindabeni eziningi ezibalulekile. Ukulandela ejulile kwesokunxele lemibhalo lakhe elingokomoya kangangokuthi ziye zalondolozwa eziningi. Umsebenzi zenkolo main kwaba "Ukuphila of the Saints" yakhe - nokuphila abangcwele Lobu-Orthodox LaseRussia. Ngo-1757, i-St uDemetriyu abagcotshwa. izinsalela wakhe kungaba beyokhulekela oNgcwele Monastery Yakovlevsky Rostov Elikhulu.

isimo edolobheni ishintshile okwamanje. Lapho kukazibuse ekugcineni saphuthelwa yiwo njengoba inhlokodolobha, Rostov wabusa izimantshi, okuyinto bathunyelwa lapha kusuka eMoscow. Ngo 1692 edolobheni wabelwa esifundazweni Yaroslavl, futhi ekuqaleni kwekhulu weshumi nesishiyagalombili wanika sifundazwe Pereslavl. Ngo 1777-m Rostov Elikhulu wanikezwa isimo idolobha esifundeni Yaroslavl yokubusa, futhi ngemva kweminyaka eyishumi yena wakhunyulwa kanye neminyango wedolobha, njengoba washukumiseleka ukuba Yaroslavl. Futhi kuze kube namuhla ophila lovely elula Rostov isikhungo lesifunda of Yaroslavl esifundeni.

zokungcebeleka

Manje kuba idolobha elinabantu zabantu nje phezu kwezinkulungwane ezingamashumi amane. Isimo anakho okufanayo - idolobha-Museum kanye iparele Golden Ring amadolobha Russian. Endaweni yokuqala izivakashi ufuna ukuhlola? Yiqiniso, Rostov ezibiyele, Metropolitan egcekeni - ukukhangana oyinhloko kulo muzi. Bonke abakhileyo ezweni baboné ifilimu mayelana Ivan, eshintsha mkhakha. Ngakho, akukho muntu ongakawuboni le Rostov ezibiyele ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene, ngoba lesi sigameko senzeka khona. Lapho idolobha elahlekile iminyango wedolobha, le ezibiyele aqala ukuncipha, futhi umphakathi Rostov Elikhulu ngo yekhulu nesishiyagalolunye, abuyiselwe zonke izakhiwo Kuye alungisa futhi yabuyiselwa. Ngo-1883, ibandla wavulwa Museum Antiquities ku Kremlin.

isakhiwo Esidala Nesiqine Kunazo Zonke yezindawo ezinhle kakhulu - kweNyuka Cathedral Cathedral Square. It is kahle walondoloza kuze kube yilolu suku eminyakeni 991. Yiqiniso, lavuselelwa kaningana, no-Andreya Bogolyubsky, futhi UConstantine Hlakaniphile futhi isikhulu basil. Lesi sakhiwo samanje elimiswe 1508. Nanti ithempeli esemqoka yedolobha, ethuneni zezikhulu Rostov futhi bonke ababhishobhi yakhe. Lapha sibona walala ukuphumula kanye cornflowers prince Metropolitan uJona.

ezibiyele

Towers ezindongeni ezibiyele, kakhulu, kwaphonswa olwalumile kamuva kakhulu, kukhulunywa okokuqala emibhalweni yaminyaka. Ikhulu leminyaka lesikhombisa, nalapho umuzi wahlanganyela Metropolitan uJona. Adume Rostov belfry Kuphinde kwakhiwa kubo. Insimbi main unesisindo esingamathani angaba inkulungwane ezingamatshumi amathathu lambili! emagama lahlukene bafanelwe Izigodlo of Rostov Elikhulu. Okokuqala, it unguMsindisi Yakovlevsky Dimitriev sezindela kanye, yebo, hhayi okungenani yesigodlo odumile ka-Abrahama. Eyokuqala lanikezelwa ngo 1386 kuya-Church of the Conception St. Anne. Esikhathini Isikhathi Nezinkinga, Isigodlo Wajeziswa bahlanza, wambuyisela futhi, Metropolitan uJona.

Kakade 1780 th sasizungezwe kwezindonga zamatshe kanye Dimitrievsky thempeli lakhiwa ngomnikelo Sheremetiev. Lokhu izivakashi sezindela ungabona kakade emnyango Rostov kusuka eMoscow. Okwesibili - Luhambo Epiphany Avraamiev monastyr- endala, okuyinto kufanele uyaziqhenya hhayi kuphela ukukhula, kodwa futhi lonke North-Eastern Russia. It yasungulwa ngo ngekhulu lesishiyagalolunye, lo uMfundisi u-Abrahama, wawahlula Veles yobuqaba usebenzisa induku ekhiqizwa esontweni Russian of Ioanna Bogoslova. Lokhu abasebenzi yathatha kanye nayo Ivan Grozny emkhankasweni ngokumelene Kazan sanqoba. Ukuze kuhlonishwe lo mcimbi endaweni Isigodlo Yakhiwa Cathedral of the Epiphany e 1555.

Rostov weTshwayo Omkhulu lesiTjhaba

Ngaphambi kwekhulu nesikhombisa, iwuphawu Rostov kwaba inyoni kungabonwa ku-Great Seal Ivana Groznogo ka ngekhulu leshumi nesithupha. UMbusi kwadingeka ukuphrinta amazwe angamashumi amabili nane kanye emadolobheni isiRashiya, phakathi okuyinto yethulwa futhi Rostov. Kwaba ukhozi, ikhanda baphendukela kwesokudla.

Symbol futhi uhlanganiswa nokuzala Rostov ekuqaleni kwekhulu lesikhombisa kwaba inyamazane chervlonnom ensimini. Izinyamazane ( "Jelenia") efekethisiwe ku eNgophezukonke pokrovtse Mikhail Fedorovich, kwaba mane segolide noma entanyeni, izinselo segolide nezimpondo. Kuze kube manje, lesi sithombe iwuphawu emzini Rostov Elikhulu.