RSFSR - Iyini? RSFSR: okulotshiweyo, imfundo, ukwakheka kanye endaweni

Ngokokuqala ngqá igama RSFSR wabonakala ngo-1918, yasetshenziswa njengoba isihloko umbuso wokuqala yesigaba sabasebenzi emhlabeni, kwakheka emva Okthoba Revolution-1917. It likhona kuze kube sekupheleni-December 1991, lapho kwanqunywa ukuqamba kabusha izwe WaseRussia. Ngakho kwaba indlela imfundo RSFSR, esithi zazimeleleni futhi yiziphi izenzakalo ezibaluleke kakhulu ezenzeka insimu yalo? Konke lokhu kubalulekile ukwazi Nokho, ngenxa yokuthi kulindeleke ikusasa yiliphi izwe kungenzeka kuphela ngesisekelo ulwazi nomlando wayo.

Ukwakheka isimo esisha kwi nendawo eyayikade Empire Russian

Ngenxa yalokho we Okthoba Revolution, lapho ezinye izazi-mlando sithambekele ukholelwa ukuthi kombuso, Republic ezamenyezelwa, futhi ngo-January 1918, Okwesithathu iCongress of abaseSoviet yokutholwa incwadi ebalulekile - ". Ukusebenza nabantu bexhashazwa" Declaration, okuyinto umemezela ilungelo Esikhathini iphepha efanayo wamemezela ukuthi isimo esisha iyinhlangano, futhi ngemva kwesikhathi eside ukuba ubheke RSFSR baqala ukusebenzisa isifinyezo, sokuqonda okuyinto wazwakala njengamazwi Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic. Nokho, ngaleso sikhathi, leli zwe like laba kungekho uhlamvu olusemthethweni, noma amandla eqinile, uyakwazi ukulawula yonke insimu yalo enkulu.

Umlando (ngaphambi kokuba ingxenye yase-USSR)

Phakathi February no-March 1918, ingxenye enkulu izifundazwe ezwe elaliyi-Russian Empire yasungulwa amandla amaSoviet, futhi inhloko-dolobha esikhundleni Petrograd kwathiwa eMoscow. Ukuze uqinise usithonye futhi kuze kube phakade bangcwabe amathemba monarchists e ukuvuselelwa autocracy wezwe, ngo July Ekaterinburg amaBolshevik esingu uNicholas II umndeni. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi cishe ngosuku olulandelayo ngemva kwalokho wangena force on uMthethosisekelo lokuqala RSFSR. Lo mcimbi kwaphawula ukuphela enkathini yokungaqiniseki, lapho imingcele kwezihloko federal basuke ngokoqobo edwetshwe amakhadi "by iso", futhi endaweni efanayo kungaba kanyekanye usebenze izingcezu ezimbili noma ezintathu iseluleko, njengoba amaphayona ayebizwa kanjalo, "ukusebenza", "Isosha" noma " amasekela abalimi '. Ngakho, ngaleso sikhathi ku umbuzo lokho RSFSR, lengiyo wayengomunye - isimo emhlabeni wokuqala abantu bexhashazwa lapho bazokwakha nobukhomanisi.

impi yombango

Kusukela kwamiswa lo RSFSR (okulotshiweyo izifinyezo usuvele eyaziwa), futhi kuze kube ngo-1923, waba sesimweni isimo impi yombango futhi equliswa ukungenela Entente. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uhulumeni omusha kwadingeka ukuba ukucindezela amaCzech namaRomany ukuvukela futhi kuvimbele umsebenzi eMpumalanga Ekude. Ngokusebenzisa umsebenzi omkhulu futhi amakhulu ezinkulungwane zezisulu lezisebenzi isimo futhi abalimi kungenzeka uzochoboza yonke emaphaketheni yokumelana, phakathi nonyaka ka-ehlobo 1923, ezweni nokuthula.

EU.SSR ngo ngemva USSR Eminyakeni yokuqala

Nakuba KwamaBolshevik Party kwakukhona amaphuzu amaningana umbono ngendaba iziphi izimiso okufanele kwakufanele wakha isimo esisodwa zamazwe ngamazwe, ngenxa izingxoxo, iqembu won asekelayo V I. Lenina. Ngakho, ngo-December 29, 1922 kwamiswa eSoviet Union, yonke republic okuyinto ezibhekwa alinganayo nanikhululekile ukuba bahoxe ekungeneleni Union. Kulesi ingxenye RSFSR ngaleso sikhathi lalinabashumayeli Bashkir Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (eyasungulwa ngo-1919), lwesiTatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (1920), i-Intaba, YaseCrimea naseDagestan ASSR (1921), yakut ASSR (1922), le Turkestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic nabanye . Ngesikhathi esifanayo ngo-1923, kwaqala izinguquko zokuphatha kanye indawo, okwaphumela ukuncipha abalulekile Russian SFSR ndawo.

RSFSR: insimu yezwe ngaphambi ekuqaleni ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe

Eminyakeni ukhona YaseRussia Soviet ishintshile ngokuphindaphindiwe imingcele yayo. Ikakhulukazi, ngo-1923 emzaneni Don Region Luhansk, ingxenye RSFSR, elaba isikhungo esifundeni elalisanda kumiswa Lugansk esifundeni Ukraine SSR. izinguquko Ukungaphathwa okwenzeka ekwindla ka-1924, lapho ezifundazweni eziseningizimu ye-Turkestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic yahlukaniswa phakathi kwamabutho Uzbek SSR, esasihlanganisa Tajik SSR futhi Turkmen SSR. Ngaso nje ekuqaleni kwawo-1930 e-RSFSR kwaba republic nanye, ngezinga elikhulu yokuzimela. Kulesi uhlobo lwenkululeko ukubhekana nezindaba phansi kwaba kuphela isimemezelo ephepheni bese asisebenzanga.

Imingcele elandelayo redrawing we RSFSR eU.SSR sezihlonziwe e koMthethosisekelo omusha we-Soviet Union, esenziwa ngo-1936, lapho yokwakheka republic federal kwase Ahoxisiwe Kazakh, Kyrgyz futhi Karakalpak ASSR futhi ngo-1940 kanye Karelian ASSR. By endleleni, le dokhumenti, futhi kuze kube namuhla ubhekwa imithetho ezibaluleke kakhulu yeningi yokutholwa emhlabeni okwamanje.

ukuguqulwa Wendawo ngemva kwempi yezwe yesibili

Ngo-1945, ngokwemibiko ye-Isivumelwano Potsdam, eKönigsberg vơ ekhethekile wayiswa eU.SSR RSFSR. Kwakungesinye izingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu esifundeni mlando yaseMpumalanga Prussia, okwathi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi aguqulwe futhi uqambe kabusha Kaliningrad esifundeni. Ngakho imingcele nenchubekelembili eNtshonalanga.

Nokho, ukulahlekelwa ezibaluleke kakhulu indawo kwenzeka ngo-1954, lapho ingxenye Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic lidlule esifundeni YaseCrimea we RSFSR. Lokhu kwenzeke ngaphandle isimo Sevastopol, ngaleso sikhathi laliwumuzi kwakuwukuthi republic we Russia Soviet. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngo-July 1956 njengengxenye RSFSR ke labuyiselwa faka ezinye ukwakheka kazwelonke-sendawo the Karelian ASSR.

I RSFSR ngesikhathi kumiswa Russian Federation

Ngu-25 Disemba 1993 RSFSR lalinabashumayeli Ingushetia, Chechnya, Karachay-Cherkessia, Isi-Chuvash, Isi-Udmurt, Kabardino-Balkaria futhi Bashkortostan republic Buryatia, Dagestan, Kalmykia, Karelia, iMari El, Tatarstan, Sakha (Yakutia), zaseTuva, . Adygea, e-Altai Izintaba, Khakassia, Komi, nabanye Ngakho, impendulo yombuzo othi, uyini RSFSR futhi elenziwa izikhungo zomphakathi, kwakugcwele ngesikhathi kuwa iSoviet Union, yilesi: kuba isimo federal, ehlanganisa inqwaba izifunda, ezindaweni kanye republic baye babe namalungelo alinganayo futhi isimo.

Ekupheleni kuka-December 1991 eMoscow ke wazitholela isimemezelo, okuyinto wamemezela ukuqothulwa kwezindlovu Union yase-Soviet Socialist Republics kanye Russian Federation (ngesikhathi i-RSFSR) wayebhekwa njengoba owalandela zezomthetho ezweni elaliyiSoviet Union futhi wathatha indzawo yayo nezinhlangano zamazwe ngamazwe.

Manje uyazi ukuthi RSFSR - segama eliye lasetshenziswa ukuze abonise "isimo zokubusa ngesimiso sokusebenzela uhulumeni enqobile" kuqala yezwe yokuqala, futhi kamuva - omunye ayengaphansi kweSoviet Union, owalandela okuyinto namuhla ezweni lethu.