Kuyini Flora? Sifunda!

ERoma lasendulo, phakathi kwekamu zonkulunkulu nonkulunkulukazi esegcizelela Flora. Wayengumngane obhekene eziqhakazayo entwasahlobo ayebhekwa umvikeli we yonke imibala. Namuhla igama inhlangano isetshenziswa wezitshalo, isayensi yezinto eziphilayo, futhi kaningi kakhulu zokuxhumana kwansuku zonke. Uyini flora ngomqondo zanamuhla?

Ngokwesiko, leli gama lisho inhlanganisela yazo zonke izinhlobo zezitshalo, ngokomlando isikhule endaweni ethile. Ngakho, ngokuvamile abakushoyo "Umhlaba flora", "Flora yase-Afrika." Kungaba isimo ubuciko, noma pre-ekhona. Kodwa uma ukucacisa ngqo lokho flora, zezitshalo yesimanje ukuthini leli gama semithambo kuphela izitshalo, etholakala endaweni. Ezinye izinhlobo awacatshangwa kule labantu. Yini ethakazelisayo izitshalo zendawo yilezo izimbali ezimila izindlu phezu Sills window, kanye nokuba in zokugcina, conservatories noma zokugcina - okungukuthi, ezindaweni lapho izimo zezulu ziye zabangelwa indoda.

Kukhona isayensi ehlukile lichaza ngokucacile ukuthi uyini flora esifundeni ngasinye. Sidingida isitshalo ngayinye, kanye wonke landscape Symbiosis ngohlaka ethize indawo. Lokhu isayensi ibizwa ngokuthi "sezimbali." Ochwepheshe kulo umkhakha uzibophezele ukwenza amanothi - izinhlu izitshalo nezincazelo zawo emfushane ngayinye endaweni ngabanye.

Ngokomlando, leli gama lokuqala asetshenziswe sezitshalo XVII ekhulwini Mihailom Boymom. Bese wacosha baton usosayensi odumile Karl Linney, owadala umsebenzi olunzulu enikelwe ukutshala ukuphila lokulidolobha laseLapland. Kodwa kule ncwadi engachazi nje izimbali. Flora ekuqondeni Onomusa kufakwe njengoba isikhunta, hhayi isitshalo esisodwa nje. Of nabo umsebenzi omkhulu lososayensi liye echazwe amaningi njengoba 534 zilwane.

Kodwa ngaphandle ingxenye esobala obonakalayo emhlabeni isitshalo, leli gama ihlanganisa futhi engabonakali ingxenye. Izithombe flora, ayibonakali iso womuntu nqunu, kungatholakala emakhasini iyiphi amabhuku okufunda ngesikhathi microbiology. Leli gama uvame ukubizwa ngokuthi ukuqoqwa wonke amagciwane abahlala noma yini eyingcuba. Ngokwesibonelo, akukhona okungavamile ukuba likhithike kwezokwelapha dietetics inkulumo enjengokuthi "esiswini flora".

Kusukela umbono we Ukwahlukaniswa lonke iqoqo izitshalo kungenziwa basakaza ngezizathu eziningana. Ngakho, ngokuya imvelaphi, angawodwa flora lwendabuko futhi adventitious. Kusuka lapha kuyacaca ukuthi sokuqala kulezi kuhilela ukuqoqwa lezo zitshalo eziye owakhiwe esifundeni isikhathi eside. Kuyini flora adventive kulesi simo? Lawa izitshalo ukuthi okungenisiwe, cultured, noma ngephutha wathuthela ensimini yalesi sifunda akunjalo kudala.

Kusukela inhlanganisela isitshalo taxa leli gama libuye ihlukaniswe:

• Algoflora (ulwelwe);
• dendroflora (izihlahla);
• Bryoflora (wona);
• Lichenflora (ulele);
• mycoflora (amakhowe).

Ngakho, kuyacaca ukuthi leli gama akugcini izimbali njengoba amadlozi ayo unkulunkulukazi, kuba kakhulu ebanzi, futhi lonke ucwaningo lusikisela flora ezilapho.