Kronotsky Lake - iparele eKamchatka

Kronotsky Lake - kwesigubhu ngobukhulu kwemvelo eKamchatka Territory, ongaqondakali futhi nhlobo kuze kube sekupheleni. Igama layo uhumusha kusuka Itelmen ngokuthi "alpine". Ukunakwa lososayensi, lezi zindawo zibe zinhle ahehe muva ngezindinganiso zomlando: ekuqaleni kwekhulu leminyaka eledlule (1908) zaba imibhalo engeyokuqala eyakhishwa P. Yu Shmidtom.. Umkhankaso wahamba azungeze ichibi emaceleni empumalanga nasenyakatho, enika incazelo yaleli umzimba emangalisayo yamanzi futhi kokunezela kulo indaba emfushane kwendawo kwendawo. Zonke imibiko ngaphambili zazisekelwe kuphela ukwaziswa okutholakala abakhileyo zomdabu zalezi zindawo - Itelmen, ngoba inyumbazana echibini ebesingesihle nzima babe isithiyo eziyingozi zivikela iyiphi nsada. Kuphela 1920 usosayensi R. Malles bakwazi ukuvakashela kulezi zindawo, ibalazwe eningiliziwe, futhi axazulule impicabadala ukuzalwa ichibi.

izici

Leli chibi 242 km², futhi endaweni okulawulwa kwemithombo yamanzi - mayelana 2330 amakhilomitha square. Lokhu akusona isimanga, ngoba iwela nemifula 10 ezinkulu .: North, Unana, Uzon, larch nabanye basebenza ngendlela yabo, ophuma ichibi, emfuleni Krodakyg (Kronotsky), enobudlova futhi ezingezwakali, ekunqobeni izithiyo eziningi. On ivolumu umxhwele amanzi (12.4 cu km) Lake sesibili ngobukhulu kulesi sifunda. . Ukujula Umxhwele Futhi nakuba isilinganiso siyizinsuku 58 m, izindawo ebaluleke kakhulu ibhalwe izibalo hle kakhulu - 136 m Ngoba bonke nemingcele ngenhla Kronotsky chibi nesithupha ohlwini namachibi ngobukhulu Russian futhi ijulile. Engeza ukuthi, futhi itholakala ubuhle eziyingqayizivele endaweni idume eKamchatka yayo engaqondakali.

Ukudla Echibini yendabuko - iqhwa nemvula. Leli chibi zilimaze ngoDisemba yavula ekupheleni Meyi. Ice ikhava izindawo ifinyelela imitha ukujiya. Izinga amanzi kuyahlukahluka ngezikhathi ezahlukahlukene nge amplitude kuze decimeters ambalwa. Engxenyeni esempumalanga yaleli echibini lihlotshiswe iziqhingi 11, ezinde phezu kwamanzi ukuze 25-50 amamitha, zozela zonke, uzathwala amabizo ososayensi oluvelele izihambi, owaba nengxenye eKamchatka uhambo ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20. Komarova, Conradi, Baer et al.

Kronotsky echibini is zihlukaniswa ezakheke elingunxantathu, ibeke ukuze kwesigubhu zemvelo. Kuchazwe ezinzima komkhawulo eziyize emikhulu futhi uchungechunge wentaba-mlilo ehlanganisa 16 izintabamlilo 12 zazo isinyathelo.

Likuphi Lake Kronotsky

Lokhu ngokungafani nanoma yiliphi elinye echibini Echibini Itholakala isimanga ngokulinganayo eKamchatka eziyinkimbinkimbi yemvelo - the Kronotsky Nature Reserve, e-amakhilomitha amathathu kweshumi kusukela odumile Geyser Valley.

Uhlangothi lwasempumalanga, 8 km kusuka echibini elise intabamlilo Kronotsky intabamlilo, waya eningizimu - 10 km - Krasheninnikov intabamlilo. Siqedile isithombe exotic entabeni Schmidt, liphakama ezingxenyeni enyakatho-mpumalanga.

Kronotsky echibini: Umsuka

It bakha ichibi of ecishe ibe yizinkulungwane 10. Eminyakeni eminingi edlule. Itholakala lo mgodi intaba-mlilo, futhi ke kwathiwa kwakucatshangwa ukuthi umsuka kuyinto mlilo nemvelo. Eqinisweni, it is wafakazela ukuthi kwandulelwe ukubukeka echibini izintaba-mlilo, ebizwa ngokuthi namuhla amagama ososayensi Kronotsky futhi Krasheninnikov. Baye kuholele ezedlulayo yasendulo emfuleni embhedeni ezibanzi futhi enamandla lava imali. Waba yini umphumela walesi ingozi kwesigubhu entabeni endaweni engamamitha 372 m ngaphezu kolwandle, elise yezindawo amahle kakhulu emhlabeni - esinqeni le kronotsky intabamlilo.

Izici

Leli chibi Kuyathakazelisa hhayi kuphela umsuka kodwa ukudalwa ehlukile eziyinkimbinkimbi yemvelo ngaphakathi kwemingcele yayo siqu.

Outflow amanzi ngaphesheya komfula, isiteshi e sifinyelela engenhla phezu 12 km Rapids cishe eliyimfuhlumfuhlu enamandla, ukungayeki amathuba ukuya salmon echibini. Ngenxa yalokho, sibonga inyumbazana eside echibini akha mkhakha okhethekile sockeye salmon (Kokanee) nezinhlobo eziningana Loach amaqembu sekuphenduke umkhuba. indlela enjalo kumiswa zezinto eziphilayo - into ezofundwa ichthyologists. Nokho, ngezinye umthombo komfula unyaka ngamunye ziyozalela liphuma esincane emfuleni wedlula Dolly Varden, futhi wathola Ezimweni ezimbalwa ezingavamile, ukudlula coho salmon.

Biota

Mayelana Kronotsky chibi akubona bonke eyaziwa. Esiqhingini sasePacific owakhiwe amakoloni seagull. Kunikezwe ibanga elanele ukusuka ogwini (30-45 km), lezi izidleke - into ezingavamile. Kuthiwa amabhere ansundu ukubhukuda esiqhingini ukudla amaqanda ama-gull.

Kronotsky echibini, maphakathi a eziyinkimbinkimbi zemvelo, sizungezwe nature enhle ngokumangalisayo. Kube zezinhlobo relict nezinhlobo oluyigugu kakhulu. Ngokwesibonelo, sikhule kuphela lapha eKamchatka larch kanye wathola Ayan sonwele.

Larch okuqinile - izidleke izinyoni ezingavamile (nengqungqulu, Steller Ukhozi), futhi ezintabeni ezizungezile kuhlala peregrine Falcons, amanqe amanqe.

Kodwa uphawu kule ndawo enhle kukhona ahlanzekile agcwele izinhlanzi namahansi. Ehlobo cishe ingabonakali, njengoba kuleli chibi umcengezi kukhona izindawo ezimbalwa efanelekayo yokwakha isidleke. Ngu ekuqaleni ebusika iqala esondela umxhwele lezi zinyoni edume.

Lena, Kronotskoye echibini ongaqondakali - indawo imilingo eNhlonhlweni eKamchatka.