Ayan fir: incazelo yohlobo, endaweni, nokunakekela isihlahla esihlale siluhlaza

Ayan fir kuyinto ummeleli evamile Far Eastern ehlathini coniferous amahlathi. It libhekene esinindolweni okhanyayo nesigubungelo olukhethekile utshani, okuyinto ayiqondakali athuthukile. Singasho kugcwale umlomo ukuthi Ayan sonwele ingenye izinhlobo endala ka izitshalo Primorye, ngoba umbono naiblizhayshy yakhe yayikhona esikhathini maphakathi no-Tertiary. Ajan sonwele siphile iminyaka engaba ngu-500.

ukubukeka Izinkuni

Ngokubukeka kubukeka sengathi isitshalo conifer futhi abavamile Sitka sonwele. Umehluko phakathi kwale isihlahla esihlale siluhlaza kusukela yokudla evamile ngobukhulu amahlumela kanye efihlekile, okuyizinto ezincane kuno e yezinye izinhlobo. Lo mehluko wenza kunzima ukubona isithombe nemisayipuresi, ngakho-ke ngokuvamile kudidaniswe sonwele abavamile.

Maximum isihlahla ukuphakama - ngamashumi ayisihlanu amamitha. Ngokuvamile, ayanda entabeni, umqhele aphansi kanye stem kuba ohlabayo. Umuthi has a umqhele ngesimo Isigaxa njalo nge isihloko ezicijile. Amagxolo abasha izihlahla fir abushelelezi futhi grey umbala omnyama. Kuyo yonke le minyaka, Jeddo sonwele Uthola cortex egqinsiwe. I izinaliti yaleli fomu flat, futhi umbala waso nge phansi elikhanyayo bluish, futhi phezulu oluhlaza amnyama. I izinaliti babe ubude mayelana ezimbili ngamasentimitha. Izigaxa ukunikeza isicwebezelisi, futhi ubude bawo cishe amasentimitha eziyisikhombisa. Imbewu ngesihlahla sonwele saseYurophu emi usayizi encane, ngenxa yalesi sizathu umuthi elinye igama ezivamile - ngesihlahla sonwele saseYurophu emi-Small yokusanhlamvu.

Areal Ajan sonwele

Ayan fir likhula enyakatho, kodwa awufiki emngceleni osenyakatho, lapho nobabili sonwele laseSiberia. River nemicengezi Aldoma Lantar ukuthi iyangena oLwandle Okhotsk, kukhona izindawo ezimbi nakakhulu, lapho ihlangabezana i isihlahla esihlale siluhlaza.

Ezindaweni eningizimu ngesihlahla sonwele saseYurophu emi-Small Grain ingatholakala ogwini loLwandle Okhotsk, okungukuthi amachibi nemifula eseduze.

Ngenxa yalokhu sonwele entshonalanga sifanamsindvo izingxenye ahlukene lapho afinyelela ugema Stanovoy Tukuringra Izintaba ise South-East Yakutia.

Ayan fir likhula eKamchatka, okungukuthi esigodini somfula efanayo. Lolu hlobo likhula eziqhingini ezifana Sakhalin, kanye Kuril Shantraskie. On the zinhlobo esiqhingini lokuqala kwenzeka kusukela 48 ° enyakatho nenkabazwe, lapho Ayan fir - the softwood main. Lapha likhula kanye fir zendawo fir eMira, ne yokugcina abelana sesimweni evelele.

Ikakhulukazi ezincane-seeded sonwele ukukhula

Emaceleni ale ntaba futhi Amathafa - izindawo main lapho ekhula microspermae sonwele. Ezindaweni ezisogwini, butholakala ngenhla ayi-700 ngaphezu kogu lolwandle, futhi enyakatho kuze kube ayi-400. Kulo mBhalo, isihlahla coniferous ezitholakala ezindaweni umoya onomswakama futhi cool futhi lina ehlobo. Yingakho eningizimu izihlahla kwalesi silwane ezimweni eziningi, ongaphakeme futhi licindezelwe.

On izingxenye lezintaba namathafa emfuleni izigodi Ayan fir lingandile kangako kuka ezindaweni eshiwo ngenhla.

Lolu hlobo engakhuli eduze okuvela eyiqhwa futhi ezindaweni umswakama amile. Ezindaweni exhaphozini of izihlahla efanele futhi efanele. Ezindaweni nge umthunzi esihlahleni obukhulu ethuthuka kahle futhi ngempumelelo wenza self-seeding.

Kabusha Young livela kaningi emhlabathini iziphunzi abolile, izihlahla kanye nezinye ihlathi humus. Kodwa ezindaweni ezivulekile nge loamy umhlabathi, izihlahla ezincane zivame wabulala ngu yesithwathwa ngasekupheleni kwentwasahlobo.

Lokhu conifer afune izinto ngenkani kwabanye phezu komhlaba. Sikhula ikakhulukazi loam ngokulinganisela olumanzi. On nenhlabathi sandy and Peat ayafa. Ngezinye izikhathi likhula enhlabathini ngamatshe namathayi imfucumfucu. It akakubekezeleli transplanting, ukusika amagatsha futhi umoya ongcolile. Ayan sonwele ukudalulwa kwalo okungahle esizoyicabangela kulesi sihloko, is kahle ingashintshwa ukuze cool ehlobo iDemo.

Isicelo Ajan sonwele

sonwele Melkosemennyh kuyinto eziphilayo ezibalulekile ihlathi-ukudalwa Far Eastern amahlathi. Ukhuni lwaso isetshenziswa ngendlela efanayo njengoba European sonwele ukhuni, kodwa izakhiwo mechanical Ajan badla kancane nakakhulu. Ikakhulu, i-wood uya uginindela iphepha umkhakha.

Izimfanelo ezinhle kakhulu izihlahla ezimila emithambekeni emnene. Ukuvikela Ajan Hlobisa ezikhulayo ezindaweni etholakalayo zigcine.

Ayan sonwele uvame isetshenziselwe izinjongo zokuhlobisa, ngenxa bluish izinaliti emthunzini wawo. Kuyinto ethandwa ikakhulukazi izingxenye ehlathini. ukubukeka Excellent ngesikhathi zasemuva zezinye izinhlelo coniferous noma wokhuni oluqinile. Lokhu kungafani phakathi kwemithi kubonakala isithombe ngezansi sonwele.

Ubuhle olukhethekile izihlahla ezihlale ziluhlaza lona ahlangabezana ne ugodo Umbala ensundu okusaqanda ukuma cylindrical.

Ukunakekela sonwele

Uma ufisa ukuthola isitshalo sonwele Ayan kudingeka sikhumbule lokhu okulandelayo:

• Indawo lapho okutshalwe nalehleliwe sonwele kungenziwa ukubopha. Izinkuni akawuthandi inhlabathi amanzi, kungcono ukuba ukhethe loam ngokulinganisela olumanzi.
• Lapho zitshala sonwele isikhathi eside uyalulama futhi egula.
• Amanzi angenziwa ngezitini ephukile, ungqimba okufanele mayelana 20 amasentimitha.
• Umuthi kufanele itshalwe at a 50-75 amasentimitha ukujula.
• 'Ukudla' sonwele kungenzeka usebenzisa NPK umquba.
• I ukuthambisa nesomiso liyadingeka okungenani kanye ngesonto.
• Ukuxega ukukhiqiza of mayelana 6 ngamasentimitha ukujula.
• izilwane ezincane zidinga indawo yokuhlala amagatsha ngesihlahla sonwele ebusika.
• Umuthi ungaba nezilokazane nezifo ezihlukahlukene. Ngokwesibonelo, Izigaxa nokugqwala umdlavuza esidalwa yizilonda emathunjini sibe.

Ukuze Ajan ngesihlahla sonwele saseYurophu emi kunzima ngempela ukulondoloza. Kodwa abalimi abaningi babhekane ngokuphumelelayo ke, into esemqoka - kakhudlwana nokukhuthala.