Izinhlangano zomphakathi zomhlaba wonke zokuvikelwa kwemvelo

Emakhulwini eminyaka edlule isintu senze ubuchwepheshe obungakaze bube khona. Kukhona ubuchwepheshe obungashintsha kakhulu umhlaba. Uma ngaphambi kokuba umuntu abe nemthelela emvelweni akakwazanga ukuphula ukulingana okungokwemvelo kwezinto eziphilayo, ukukhiqizwa okusha okuhlakaniphile kwamvumela ukuba afinyelele kulo mphumela odabukisayo. Ngenxa yalokho, izinhlobo eziningi zezilwane zabhujiswa, izidalwa eziningi eziphilayo ziseduze ekuqothulweni, eMhlabeni, izinguquko ezinkulu zesimo sezulu ziqala.

Imiphumela yomsebenzi wabantu ibangele ukulimala okukhulu emvelweni abantu abaningi abaqala ukukhathazeka ngekusasa lomhlaba wethu. Izinhlangano zomphakathi eziningi zokuvikela imvelo ziye zaba umphumela wokukhathazeka okukhulayo. Namuhla baqhuba imisebenzi yabo yonke indawo, balinganise ukulondolozwa kwefa elingokwemvelo eliyingqayizivele, bahlanganisa izigidi zabantu abathandekayo emhlabeni wonke. Kodwa lokhu kwakungenjalo ngaso sonke isikhathi, indlela enkulu yayiphonywa yi-eco-movement ukuze kutholakale isimo samanje sezindaba.

Imvelaphi yezinhlangano zokulondoloza

Ukuqala kokudalwa komphakathi wangaphandle wezemvelo kungacatshangwa ngo-1913, lapho iNkomfa Yezwe Yomhlaba yokuqala yokuvikelwa kwemvelo yenzeka eSwitzerland. Amazwe angu-18 ahlanganyela kulo, kodwa umhlangano wawungokwemvelo kuphela, ngaphandle kokucabanga noma yikuphi ukuvikela ukuvikela imvelo. Ngemuva kweminyaka eyi-10 eParis, i-International Congress yokuqala ekuvikelweni kwemvelo. Kwase kuvuleka eBelgium i-International Bureau of Nature Protection. Kodwa-ke, akuzange uzame ngandlela-thile ukuthi ithonye isimo sezinto eziphilayo emhlabeni, kodwa nje kwaqoqa idatha yezibalo ezigciniwe kanye nemithetho yemvelo.

Kwathi-ke, ngo-1945, iZizwe Ezihlangene zadalwa, ezidlulisa ukubambisana kwemvelo phakathi kwezwe kuya ezingeni eliphelele. Ngo-1948, umnyango okhethekile wasungulwa e-UN, umkhandlu wamazwe omhlaba wokuvikela imvelo. Nguye owayephethe ukubambisana kwamazwe ngamazwe ekuvikeleni imvelo. Ngokushesha, ososayensi baqala ukuqonda ukuthi akunakwenzeka ukuxazulula izinkinga zemvelo ezingeni lezwe elilodwa, ngoba i-ecosystem iyindlela ephoqelekile egcwele ubudlelwane obungabonakali, obunzima. Ukuguqulwa kwesibalo semvelo endaweni eyodwa eplanethi kungaba yingozi kwezinye izindawo, ezibonakala zide kakhulu. Isidingo sokuhlanganyela ngokuxazulula izinkinga zemvelo sesibonakala.

Ukuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo

Esikhathini esizayo, ukuvikelwa kwemvelo emhlabeni jikelele kube yinye yezihloko ezibaluleke kakhulu zokuxoxisana emikhosini emikhulu yesayensi namasiko. Ngo-1972, iNhlangano Yezizwe Ezihlangene yabanjwa eSweden, lapho amazwe angu-113 ahlanganyela khona. Kwakukhona kulo mcimbi ukuthi izisekelo zenhlangano yanamuhla yokuvikelwa kwemvelo zafakwa. Lolu suku lube yiholidi lamazwe ngamazwe - Usuku Lomhlaba Wezemvelo.

Khona-ke ekuhambeni kwemvelo kwafika iminyaka yokulimala, lapho izinhlangano zomphakathi zokuvikelwa kwemvelo zaqala ukuthola imali encane, futhi ukuthandwa kwemibono yabo kwaqala ukwehla. Kodwa ekuqaleni kwawo-1980, isimo saqala ukushintsha ukuze kube ngcono, okuholela eNkomfeni YeZizwe Ezihlangene Ngendawo Nokuthuthukiswa ngo-1992 eBrazil. Lo mcimbi wenziwa eRio de Janeiro futhi waqhubeka nomsebenzi owaqala eSweden. Kuleyo ngqungquthela, imibono esemqoka yamukelwa, ethinta isihloko sokuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo kwesintu. Isibonelo sokuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo okucatshangwa eRio sinikeza umbono omusha ngokuqhubekayo kwentuthuko yabantu. Ikhombisa ukuthuthukiswa okulawulwayo ngaphakathi kwemingcele ethile, ukuze kungalimazi imvelo. Ingqungquthela yaseBrazil ibike imisebenzi yeminyango yokulondoloza kuze kube manje.

Izinsuku zethu

Namuhla, umphakathi uhlaselwa kakhulu yizinguquko kwimvelo ezibangelwa imisebenzi yabantu. Amazwe amaningi athathe imithetho eminingi elawula ukungcoliswa kwemvelo, nezinhlangano ezifana neGreenpeace noma iWorld Wildlife Fund zithole izigidi zabasekeli emhlabeni jikelele. Ngokuvamile kunoma yiliphi izwe elikhulu noma elingaphansi kuneziphakamiso zezinhlangano zamazwe ngamazwe ekuvikelekeni kwemvelo. Imiphakathi ye-intanethi nezindawo ezithintekayo zivumela ukufinyelela okusheshayo nokulula kolwazi oluhlobene nemvelo. Futhi, i-Inthanethi ikuvumela ukuba uqondise imizamo yabantu emhlabeni jikelele - lapha wonke umuntu angenza umnikelo ekuvikelweni kwemvelo.

Isayensi nayo ayimi, izinqubo ezintsha eziseduze nesikhathi se-energy ehlanzekile zivela njalo. Amazwe amaningi aqala ukusebenzisa amandla ezemvelo ngamandla: umoya, amanzi, imithombo ye-geothermal, ilanga, njll Yiqiniso, ukukhishwa kwe-technogenic akuzange kwehle, kanti izinkampani zisaxhaphaza imvelo ngenzuzo. Kodwa isithakazelo esijwayelekile enkingeni yemvelo sikwenza sibe nethemba lekusasa elikhanyayo. Ake sicabangele izinhlangano zomphakathi ezinkulu kakhulu zokuvikela imvelo.

"Greenpeace"

Inhlangano ye-Greenpeace namuhla yinkampani ethandwa kakhulu emhlabeni jikelele. Kubonakala ngenxa yabathandekayo, abaphikisana nokuhlolwa okungalawulwa kwezikhali zenuzi. Amalungu okuqala e-Greenpeace, nawo-osunguli bawo, aphumelele ukufeza ukuphela kokuhlolwa kwezikhali zenuzi baseMelika endaweni yesiqhingi sase-Amchitka. Imibhikisho eyengeziwe yaholela eqinisweni lokuthi iFrance nayo yayeka ukuhlolwa kwezikhali zenuzi, kamuva yahlanganiswa namanye amazwe.

Naphezu kokuthi "i-Greenpeace" yenzelwe imibhikisho ngokumelene nokuhlolwa kwezikhali zenuzi, lokhu akugcini emisebenzini yayo. Amalungu enhlangano abamba imibhikisho emhlabeni jikelele, eyenzelwe ukuvikela isimo seplanethi yethu emisebenzini yomuntu ozibulala nokuzilimaza. Ngale ndlela, izishoshovu zaseGreenpeace zakwazi ukuvimbela i-whaling enobudlova, ekhulwini leminyaka elidlule eqhutshwa ngezinga lezimboni.

Izenzo zokuphikisana zanamuhla zale nhlangano engavamile zihlose ukulwa nokungcola komoya. Naphezu kokuthi umonakalo owenziwe emkhathini yizikhukhula ezivela ezimbonini nezitshalo kuboniswa, izinkampani kanye nabanikazi babo abangenayo imithetho abazikhathaleli ngokujulile ngakho konke okuphilayo kule planethi, baxhwele kuphela ngenzuzo. Ngakho-ke, izishoshovu ze "Greenpeace" zibambe izenzo zabo, zenzelwe ukumisa isimo sengqondo esibi emvelweni. Kuyadabukisa, kodwa kungenzeka ukuthi imibhikisho yabo ngeke izwakale.

I-World Wildlife Fund

Kunezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zezinhlangano zokulondoloza. Uhlu lwezinhlangano ezingekho ngaphansi kukahulumeni ngeke luphelele, uma kungenjalo ukukhuluma ngeSikhwama seWorld Wildlife. Le nhlangano isebenza emazweni angaphezu kuka-40 emhlabeni jikelele. Ngenani labaxhasi, i-Wildlife Fund ithola ngisho noGreenpeace. Izigidi zabantu zisekela imibono yazo, iningi lazo lilwela ukulondolozwa kwazo zonke izinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo emhlabeni, hhayi nje ngezwi kodwa futhi ngezenzo, amaphrojekthi angaphezu kuka-1000 okuvikelwa kwemvelo emhlabeni jikelele ukuqinisekiswa okuhle kwalokhu.

Njengezinye izinhlangano eziningi zomphakathi zokuvikela imvelo, iWorld Wide Fund for Nature ibeka umsebenzi wayo oyinhloko wokulondoloza ukuhlukahluka kwezinto eziphilayo emhlabeni. Amalungu ale nhlangano yezemvelo azama ukuvikela izilwane emiphumeleni eyingozi yomuntu.

Uhlelo lweZizwe Ezihlangene

Ngokungangabazeki, uhola izinhlangano zomphakathi nezombuso ukuvikelwa kwemvelo yeZizwe Ezihlangene. Yimisebenzi yakhe yemvelo eyisifiso esihle kakhulu. Cishe yonke imihlangano ye-UN ikhuluma ngezinkinga zemvelo nokubambisana kwamanye amazwe ekuthuthukiseni isimo semvelo emhlabeni. Umnyango obhekana nezinkinga zemvelo ubizwa nge-UNEP. Imisebenzi yayo ihlanganisa ukulawula ukungcola komkhathi kanye nolwandle, ukulondolozwa kwezinhlobonhlobo zezilwane.

Lolu hlelo lokuvikelwa kwemvelo alugcini nje ngamazwi, imithetho eminingi ebalulekile yamazwe omhlaba eyenzelwe ukuvikela imvelo yenziwa ngenxa ye-UN. I-UNEP yakwazi ukuqapha ngokucophelela ukuthuthwa kwemithi enobungozi, futhi ikhomishana yasungulwa ukuze iqaphe imvula ye-acid, ezama ukuvimbela lokhu kuhlaselwa.

Izinhlangano zaseRashiya zokuvikelwa kwemvelo

Ezinye ukunyakaza kwemvelo emhlabeni wonke kuye kwachazwa ngenhla. Manje ake sicabangele ukuthi yiziphi izinhlangano ezihilelekile ekuvikelweni kwemvelo eRussia. Naphezu kokuthi ukuthandwa kwezinhlangano zezemvelo ezifuywayo eziphansi kakhulu kunabalingani babo bamazwe ngamazwe, zonke lezi zinhlangano zifeza umsebenzi wazo, ziheha abathandekayo abasha.

I-All-Russian Society ye-Conservation of Nature yinhlangano enkulu nenethonya ehlangabezana nezinkinga zemvelo ensimini yeRussian Federation. Yenza imisebenzi eminingi ehlukene, enye yezinto eziyinhloko ikhuthaza ulwazi lwemvelo kubantu, ukufundisa abantu, ukunaka izinkinga zemvelo. I-VOOP iphinda yenza imisebenzi yesayensi futhi ihlolisise ukuhambisana nomthetho wezemvelo.

I-All-Russian Society ye-Conservation of Nature yasungulwa ngonyaka owedlule ngo-1924. Ukuthi le nhlangano ikwazi ukuphila kuze kube yizinsuku zethu, ngenkathi ukwandisa inombolo yayo ibe yizigidi ezintathu zabantu, ibonisa isithakazelo sangempela sabantu enkingeni yemvelo. Kunezinye izinhlangano zaseRussia ezinhlanganweni zezemvelo, kodwa i-VOOP, yebo, yiyona inhlangano enkulu yokuvikela imvelo yonke yaseRussia.

Isivikelo Sokwemvelo

I-squad yokuvikela imvelo yasungulwa ngo-1960 kwi-Biological Faculty yaseMoscow State University futhi iyaqhubeka nomsebenzi wayo kuze kube yilolu suku. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezinye zeyunivesithi ezinkulu zaseRussia zajoyina le nhlangano futhi zakha amaqembu abo. Kuze kube manje, i-ADP isebenza emisebenzini efanayo nezinye izinhlangano zokulondoloza eRussia. Benza umsebenzi ocacile, bezama ukuthuthukisa imfundo yabakhamuzi endaweni yezemvelo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isikhungo sokuvikelwa kwemvelo senza izenzo zokuphikisana nokuqothulwa kwezingxenye zasendle zaseRussia, okusiza ukulwa nomlilo wehlathi nokufaka isandla kwisayensi.

Ikusasa lezinhlangano zemvelo

Kunezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zezinhlangano zokulondoloza, uhlu lwezinhlangano ezithile ezingezona zikahulumeni kanje:

1. I-World Wildlife Fund.
2. "Greenpeace".
3. Uhlelo lweZizwe Ezihlangene (UNEP).
4. I-World Society Yezokuvikelwa Kwezilwane.
5. I-Nest Global.

Inani lezinhlangano ezinjalo likhula minyaka yonke, zithandwa kakhulu. Lokhu akumangalisi, ngoba imiphumela yokwanda okweqile okwenziwa yindoda iyaqhubeka ibonakala. Ososayensi kanye nezibalo zomphakathi, njengabantu abaningi emhlabeni, sekuyisikhathi eside beqaphela ukuthi okuthile kudinga ukuguqulwa kuze kube yilapho sishintsha iplanethi yethu ibe yilapho engasenampilo. Yiqiniso, imibono yabantu yanamuhla ayibalulekile kunoma yiliphi izwe elikhona, elivumela izikhulu zezimboni ukuba ziqhubeke nebhizinisi labo elingcolile, zisebenzisa ukungabi nabulungisa futhi zibe nombono omfushane.

Noma kunjalo, kusekhona ithemba lekusasa eliqhakazile. Ngokufika kwe-intanethi, izinhlangano ezingekho ngaphansi kukahulumeni zemvelo ziye zakwazi ukuqhuba imisebenzi yazo yemfundo nezigidi zabantu. Manje wonke umuntu okhathalela imvelo angakwazi ukuxhumana nabantu abanomqondo ofanayo futhi athole noma yiluphi ulwazi oludingekayo mayelana nemvelo, kwaba lula kakhulu ukuhlanganisa abalandeli nokuxhumanisa izenzo zokubhikisha. Yiqiniso, abantu abaningi basalokhu behlaselwe izisulu zezinkolelo zaminyaka eminingi, beveza ukunyakaza kwe "green" ekukhanyeni okungathandeki. Kodwa-ke, isimo singashintsha kunoma yisiphi isibili, ngoba izinhlangano zemvelo ziye zaba amandla okubalwa ngazo.

Yini engenziwa ukuze kuvikelwe imvelo?

Ukukhuluma ngokukhululekile ekuvikeleni i-ecology nokulondoloza izinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobonhlobo kungadala izingqondo zabathandekayo abasha. Kodwa, ngeshwa, lawa onke lawo magama angakwazi, izinzuzo zangempela kwimvelo zingenziwa kuphela ngezenzo. Yiqiniso, ungathola ukuthi yiziphi izinhlangano ezibandakanyeka ekuvikelweni kwemvelo edolobheni lakho, futhi ziphonsa emisebenzini yazo ewusizo. Le ndlela akuyona wonke umuntu nhlobo, ngakho-ke kungcono ukuqala ukulondoloza imvelo ngokuyeka ukubhubhisa nokungcolisa ngezandla zakho.

Omunye umuntu okungenani wabona amahle amahlathi ehlathini, egcwele izinqwaba zemfucuza ngemuva kokuphumula komunye umuntu. Ngakho, ngaphambi kokuba uqale ukuzuza le mvelo, kumele uqale ukumisa ukulimaza. Ungakhuthaza kanjani abanye ukuba banakekele imvelo uma ungcolisa imvelo ngokwakho? Imfucumfucu eqoqwe ngemuva kokuphumula, ukushiswa komlilo, izihlahla ongazange uzibulale ngenxa yezinkuni - konke kulula, kodwa kuletha umphumela omuhle.

Uma wonke umuntu ekhumbula ukuthi uMhlaba uyindlu yethu, futhi isiphetho sayo sonke isintu sincike esimweni sayo, khona-ke izwe lizoshintsha. Kulabo abafuna ukubamba iqhaza ngokujulile ekuvikeleni imvelo, izinhlangano eziningi zokulondoloza zaseRashiya zilungele ukunikeza ithuba elinjalo. Inkathi yokushintsha isifikile, namuhla kunqunywa ukuthi sizoshiya inzalo yethu ukulahlwa kwemisebe noma ingadi enhle eluhlaza. Ukuzikhethela kungokwethu!