Olonets sifundazwe: umlando isifundazwe Olonets

isifundazwe Olonets wayengomunye walaba engxenyeni esenyakatho Empire Russian. It kuqokonyiswe ehlukile yokubusa esinqumweni uCatherine Omkhulu ngo-1784. Ngaphandle emfushane ikhefu sifundazwe likhona kuze 1922.

Indawo

isifundazwe Olonets kubekwe phakathi 60-68 degrees enyakatho nenkabazwe, e-45-59 degrees longitude empumalanga.

Isifundazwe Umncele kulamazwe alandelayo:

• Novgorod futhi Petersburg sifundazwe esogwini lweChibi Ladoga (eningizimu);
• isifundazwe Arkhangelsk (enyakatho);
• White Sea, isifundazwe Vologda (empumalanga);
• Finland (entshonalanga).

Ubude zombili izinkomba laliqhele ngamakhilomitha 700, futhi le ndawo Imininingwane - nje phezu 116 endaweni engamakhilomitha-skwele, okuyinto 130 amakhilomitha square.

indaba

Ikusasa sifundazwe Olonets wawuyingxenye ezindaweni ezahlukene, edume kakhulu owawungumnyaka Novgorod Omkhulu. Ngo-1649 Olonets wesifunda yadalwa. Athi uyingxenye Ingermanladskoy, Petersburg, izifundazwe Novgorod.

isifundazwe Umlando Olonets iqala 1773, lapho uCatherine Omkhulu esungulwe eshiwo ngenhla sifundazwe Olonets. Kamuva kwaba esifundeni, futhi kusukela ngo-1784 - obusayo-Jikelele. Kusukela 1796 kuya 1801 yokubusa uyekwa.

Unyaka sokudalwa sifundazwe Olonets e 1801 ubhekwa ngowokuqala. Imithetho ngalesi sikhathi u-Alexander II, naye ivume liwuphawu sifundazwe.

Njengoba sekunama-amandla Soviet esifundazweni ezahlanganiswa naleli Union of communes yeNyakatho Region, futhi kamuva - ku Karelian Labor isigodi. Ngo-1920, iqembu elisanda kusungulwa sifundazwe, ngenxa yokuthi kwakukhona abantu Russian futhi Veps. Kodwa amehlo akhe uvaliwe homogeneity kazwelonke we Karelian Labor isigodi, ngo-1922 wanquma ukuchitha sifundazwe Olenetskuyu ulwahlukanise by izifunda ezahlukene futhi izifundazwe, kuhlanganise Karelia.

Ngokuvamile ababusi balesi sifundazwe

Umbusi wokuqala Olonets sifunda beba Gavriil Romanovich Derzhavin. Waziwa izinkondlo zakhe, kodwa ngaphandle ukuthi yayiyisazi sokuphathwa, yilungu lephalamende, kanye nekhansela endlini yangasese.

Irula, wachitha iminyaka emibili. Ngalesi sikhathi wakwazi ahlele ejensi ahlukahlukene yesifundazwe, yenze esifundazweni sokuqala esibhedlela edolobheni. Ngenxa ku-site ukuhlolwa, wabhala inothi, okuyinto ube esebonisa ukuhlobana yezinto zemvelo kanye nezomnotho.

Uma sicabangela kwababusi sifundazwe kusukela 1801, baye engaphezu kwamashumi amabili. Umbusi wokuqala sifundazwe Olonets Okulov Aleksei Matveyevich wagijima izindaba ngonyaka owodwa kuphela.

ingcebo onqenqemeni

isifundazwe Olonets yayinezinto kwemithombo yamanzi. On insimu yalo kukhona inqwaba emachibini noma emifuleni. Umhlangano omkhulu kunayo yonke kubo - Lake Onega, Svir, Onega, Vig nabanye.

Awu esifundeni amumethe amahlathi kanye namaminerali ezilandelayo:

• egwadle;
• igolide;
• ukuhola;
• esiliva;
• mica;
• nsimbi;
• nangemabula;
• amatisty;
• amapharele;
• anemibala ubumba;
• Marcial Lamanzi.

Edge kwaba nezihibe njengoba inhlabathi oyinyumba ezinamadwala Kwisimo okungekuhle imimoya njalo ushintsha. Kodwa khona izilwane emahlathini, futhi kunciphise bokwenza abantu anjalo esikhathini amachibi izinhlanzi.

edolobheni yesifundazwe

Idolobha eliyinhloko phansi sonke isikhathi Olonets kwaba Petrozavodsk. Namuhla-ke iyona enkulu kunazo zonke esifundeni idolobha, futhi inhloko-dolobha Republic Karelia.

Umlando omuzi aqala nge kwasungulwa e 1703, Shumsky izingalo ifektri uPeter Omkhulu ngu. Insimu isitshalo okuvalelwe shaft futhi wahlela kuso isibhamu. Lesi sitshalo uye kancane kancane sashintsha saba inqaba, okuyinto wakwazi ukumelana abaseSweden. Ngokushesha, lesi sitshalo baba namandla ngobukhulu yebhizinisi.

Njengoba uPeter Omkhulu wavakashela efektri kuye izakhela isigodlo sokhuni, ekamu isonto, bamisa engadini. Futhi emhlabeni ifektri kwakukhona isiphetho, okwandisa njalo ngonyaka.

entsha inganono Foundry (-Alexander) lakhiwa uCatherine Omkhulu. Ngemva kokutholakala yayo 1777, Petrozavodsk ngokusemthethweni yaba idolobha, futhi ngo-1781 futhi maphakathi Olonets umhlaba.

Phakathi neMpi 1812 edolobheni waba amatende esikhashana engcebweni Academy of Arts. Ngo Petrozavodsk iyiswe Russian National Library, iHhovisi likaNgqongqoshe weZemfundo, ingxenye Main Pedagogical Institute, kanye kunjalo we Petersburg Academy of Sciences.

Olunye ulwazi lemininingwane mayelana nokuthi kwezinye izindawo emizaneni eseduze onqenqemeni esitholakala encwadini "isifundazwe Olonets: Lists zasemizaneni ezindaweni 1879."