Ulwandle lwase-Okhotsk: izinkinga zemvelo nezindlela zokuzixazulula

Emashumini ambalwa eminyaka, izakhamuzi zomhlaba wonke zizwakala i-alamu. Ukungcola kwemvelo kuthukuthele. Ngenxa yalokhu, izimo eziningi zishintsha ezindaweni eziningi zemvelo, okuholela ekunciphiseni inani lezilwane nezitshalo. Izinhlobo eziningi zinyamalale ngokuphelele. Ezinye izifunda zithandwa kakhulu, kuyilapho ezinye zisalokhu ziphephile.

Enye yezinkinga zemvelo manje ukungcoliswa kolwandle nolwandle. Okungavumelekile kakhulu kule ndawo yi-Pacific Ocean kanye nendawo yayo yamanzi. Amaphekula aseRussia ahlanjululwa yizilwandle ezintathu kule ndawo. Omunye wabo yiLwandle lwase-Okhotsk. Izinkinga zayo zemvelo azizona eziyingozi kakhulu, futhi kuze kube yamuva kwacatshangwa ukuthi ihlanzekile ngempela. Kodwa unyaka ngamunye isimo siba sibi nakakhulu.

Izimpawu zoLwandle lwase-Okhotsk

Le echibi ligezwa ngamagquma aseRussia naseJapane. Ihlukaniswa nePacific nge-Penchula yaseKamchatka, iziqhingi zase-Kurile kanye nesiqhingi saseHokkaido. Kodwa namanje akubhekwa njengolwandle lwangaphakathi, nakuba luxhumana namanzi olwandle kuphela ngezinkinga. Ulwandle lwase-Okhotsk lungomunye wezansi kunazo zonke eRussia: ukujula kwalo okufinyeleleka kufikela cishe amakhilomitha amane. Indawo yendawo yamanzi nayo inkulu - engaphezu kwamakhilomitha angu-1 500 square. Ingxenye yonke enyakatho yolwandle ihlanganiswe neqhwa isikhathi esingaphezu kwengxenye yonyaka, okwenza kube nzima ukudoba nokuthutha. Engaseningizimu-ntshonalanga, ogwini lwaseJapane, uLwandle lwase-Okhotsk cishe alufaki futhi amanzi alo anenhlanzi ezinhlanzi nasezimila. Ukuzikhethela kwalesi sigodi kufaka hlangana neqiniso lokuthi ogwini lwayo lugcwele kakhulu futhi linamatshe amaningi. Ezinye izifunda azihambisani nomqondo wesimo sezulu, okubangela inani elikhulu leziphepho kanye nama-tsunami. Imifula emithathu emikhulu - i-Amur, i-Hunting ne-Kukhtui - igeleza kuLwandle lwase-Okhotsk. Izinkinga zayo zemvelo nazo zihlobene nezindawo lapho zigeleza khona.

Izinsiza kule ndawo

Ulwandle lwase-Okhotsk alucebile kakhulu ngenhlanzi ngenxa yokushisa kwalo. Kodwa konke okufanayo, ukudoba kuthuthukile kakhulu. Izinsiza zoLwandle lwase-Okhotsk nezinkinga zemvelo zesifunda zihlobene kakhulu. Kungenxa yemikhumbi yokudoba nokukhiqizwa kwamafutha ukuthi i-biosystem ihlupheka. Thola izinhlanzi ezibalulekile zasolwandle esifundeni : i-navaga, i- pollock, i-herring, i-flounder. Kunezinhlobo eziningi ze-salmonids - i-chum salmon, i-salmon ebomvu, i-salmon ye-coho kanye nabanye. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona ethandwa kakhulu emazweni amaningi, i-crab yolwandle, kukhona ama-squid nama-urchins olwandle. Kukhona nezilwane ezincelisayo zasolwandle olwandle olwandle lwase-Okhotsk: izibindi, izimpawu, izinti zoboya nezintambo. I- algae ebomvu neyolundu isakazeke , futhi nayo iyisisetshenziswa esibalulekile sokuhweba. Izindawo ze-oyile kanye negesi, kanye nezinye izinsimbi ezingavamile, zitholakale endaweni yesheluli lomthombo.

Izinkinga zezinto eziphilayo ze-Sea of Okhotsk

Kunzima ukuwachaza ngokufishane, ngoba lesi sifunda sihlangabezana nezinkinga eziningi. Bakhuluma ngabo ngasekupheleni kwekhulu lama-20, kodwa kuze kube manje izinkinga zikhula kakhulu. Ngokuhlukana ukusuka ogwini lwaseMpumalanga Ekude, iKamchatka neSakhalin Island, uLwandle lwase-Okhotsk aluvamise ukubhekwa. Izinkinga zemvelo zalesi sifundazwe zingabonakala kanje:

- ukungcoliswa kwemikhiqizo yamafutha kusuka ezimotweni ezihlukahlukene zamanzi nangesikhathi sokukhiqizwa kwamafutha nokucubungula;

- Amanzi angasogwini angcolile kusuka emfucumfucu osemaphethelweni okuhlala kwabantu ngemikhiqizo yamfucuza;

- Imifula emithathu emikhulu futhi eminingana igeleza elwandle. Futhi baphatha emanzini abo imikhakha yemisebenzi yezimboni zabantu. Futhi kusukela emifuleni egeleza eKamchatka, inqwaba yezinto eziphilayo kanye nama-phenols avela emabhokisini ase-peat ase-peninsula afika olwandle;

- noma yiziphi izikebhe zasolwandle ezingavumelekile emvelweni ngamanzi olwandle nabakhileyo kuwo. Ngaphandle kwemikhiqizo yokucubungula amafutha kanye nemikhiqizo yezinto ezidocekile ezithunyelwa olwandle, imvelo yezinto eziphilayo iphazamiseka ngomsindo, amagnetic kanye kagesi;

- Ukukhohlisa kungenye inkinga yoLwandle lwase-Okhotsk. Izinhlanzi ezibalulekile zezohwebo kanye nezilwane zasolwandle zibhujiswa ngenhlanhla ngenzuzo.

Ukungcola kwamafutha

Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izilwandle, leli gumbi lalibhekwa njengalokhu liphephile kusuka endaweni yokubuka kwezemvelo. Phela, akukho ukukhiqiza okuyizimboni ezibi kakhulu ogwini, izinto zokusetshenziswa kwamaminerali azikhipha. Kodwa eminyakeni yamuva, izinkinga zemvelo zoLwandle lwase-Okhotsk ziye zaba nzima kakhulu ngenxa yokungcola ngemikhiqizo yamafutha. Lokhu kungenxa yokunyuka kwenani lemikhumbi ephonsa imikhiqizo yokufakelwa kwamafutha kulo olwandle, uphethiloli kanye namafutha okugcoba ahlanjululwa yizikhukhula kanye namanzi ashubile avela emachwebeni nasemaphandleni. Phela, ukuhamba olwandle olwandle olwandle lukhula njalo ngonyaka, ngoba kuyindlela ewukuphela kokuxhumana nezwe laseKuril Islands, esiqhingini saseSakhalin naseKamchatka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ingozi yokungcola kulesi sifundazwe iye yanda ngenxa yokuthuthukiswa kwezinsimu zamafutha nogesi. Ukuzikhethela okwenziwa yi-Okhotsk Sea nakho kuyathinta inkinga. Izinkinga zemvelo ziqiniswa ukutholakala kwemifudlana, ama- waves amakhulu kanye nama-ebbs, kanye neziphepho ezinzima nama-tsunami. Konke lokhu kuholela ekutheni imikhiqizo ye-petroleum ithathwa emadolobheni amade futhi inobuthi yonke into ephilayo.

Ukuphila kwezilwane nezitshalo

Izinkinga zezemvelo zoLwandle lwase-Okhotsk ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokuthi ezinye izinhlobo zezinhlanzi nezilwane zasolwandle ziyanyamalala. Ikakhulukazi ethintekayo ngamagquma nezimpawu, ezacishe ziqothulwe. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukulwa nokuzingela nokuthunjwa ngokweqile. Inombolo yezinhlanzi ezibalulekile zezinhlanzi ezentengiselwano, ikakhulukazi i-salmon, nayo yancipha kakhulu. Kusukela kulokhu nangenxa yokungcola kwamanzi olwandle ngemikhiqizo yamafutha, inani labo lokuthengisa liye laphansi kakhulu. Isimo esingavumelekile esingokwemvelo sibonakaliswa nenani le-algae elikhishwa ngezidingo ezihlukahlukene zomkhaya.

Izixazululo ezibhekene nezinkinga zoLwandle lwe-Okhotsk

Imvelo yendawo yayikhulunywa kuphela ngasekupheleni kwekhulu lama-20. Kwakukhona ngalesi sikhathi ukuthi abameli bemvelo babezwakala i-alamu ngenxa yokungcola okwandayo kwamanzi nemikhiqizo yamafutha. Ngaphandle kwezindlela ezijwayelekile zokuxazulula izinkinga zemvelo eminyakeni, izinketho eziningana ziye zafakwa phambili ekuthuthukiseni isimo esifundeni:

- ehlongozwayo ukuguqula iKamchatka kanye namanzi aseduze ukuba abe yi-hydrobiosphere egcinwe kuyo yonke indawo efakwe ohlwini lwezindawo ezivikelwe zeGugu leMhlaba;

- Esinye isiphakamiso - ukwakha kabusha yonke inkambiso yezomnotho kazwelonke yaseKamchatka futhi uyikhulule ezimboni ezingenzi inzuzo;

- kubhekwa ukuthi kubalulekile ukwabela uLwandle lwase-Okhotsk isimo sezilwandle zaseningizimu ye-Russian Federation. Lokhu kuzosiza ukugwema izinkinga eziningi: ukudoba okungemthetho, ukungcoliswa kwamanzi yizitsha zamanye amazwe;

- kubaluleke kakhulu ukulwa nokubhujiswa ngokweqile kwezilwane zasolwandle - ukuzingela.

Kuphela uma sibheka ngokuyisisekelo isisombululo sezinkinga zemvelo esifundeni singakwazi yini ukusindisa indawo ehlukile yohlu lwe-Sea of Okhotsk.