Umfula we-Yenisei. Ukusetshenziswa Kwezomnotho kanye Nezici Ezijwayelekile

Umfula omkhulu futhi onamandla uYenisei. Zingaki izinkondlo ezinikezwa kuye, zingaki emidwebo ngisho nezikhumbuzo! Amandla angakaze abe khona we-Yenisei, ubuhle bawo buphefumulelwe njalo abalobi, izimbongi nabaculi.

Izici ezijwayelekile zomfula

I-Yenisei yathola igama layo kusukela ku-Evenk "Ionesis", okusho ukuthi "amanzi amakhulu". Igama lomfula kusuka kwabanye abantu ngu: Enzai'am, Hook, Hem, Kim.

Kusukela ekuhlanganyeleni kwe-Big and Small Yenisei, ubude bomfula ngu-3487 km. Ubude bomgwaqo wamanzi yi-5075 km (Idare - Selenga - Baikal - Angara - Yenisei). Indawo yendawo yokugcina ibhasi i-2,580 km², ngokusho kwalolu lwazi i-Yenisei ngumfula wesibili ngobukhulu eRussia kanye nesikhombisa emhlabeni. Njengemifula eminingi yalensimu, i-Yenisei inezinhlangothi ezingavamile. Ibhange elingakwesokunxele liyi-flat, futhi uhlangothi lwesokudla lukhulu futhi cishe izikhathi ezingu-6 ziphakeme.

Lo mfula ungumngcele wemvelo phakathi kweMpumalanga ne-Western Siberia. Ngakwesokunxele komfula kukhona amathafa aseNtshonalanga Siberia, futhi uhlangothi olungakwesokudla lwe-mountain taiga luqala. I-Yenisei igeleza kuzo zonke izingxenye zezulu zeSiberia: ezindaweni ezingenhla zomfula kukhona amakamela, futhi ezindaweni eziphansi zifika ezinobhere be-polar.

Lo mfula onamandla uvela edolobheni laseKyzyl, lapho bahlangana khona emifuleni emibili - i-Big and the Lessen Yenisei. I-188 km yokuqala yomfula ibizwa ngokuthi i-Upper Yenisei. Ngaphakathi kwesitsha samanzi saseTuvinian, umfula ugcwele imigwaqo, ephukile emigodini eminingi, kanti ububanzi bufinyelela ku-650 m. Ukujula emanzini kungu-1 m, kufinyelela ku-12 m.

Emlonyeni we-Lower Tunguska, ububanzi bomfula u-Yenisey ufinyelela ku-40 km.

I-Sopochnaya i-Karga iyindawo enamathela emfuleni. I- Yenisei Delta iqala eduze nomzana wase-Ust-Port. Kunezinhlamvu eziningana eziyinhloko: I-Yenisei encane, i-Big Yenisei, i-Stone Yenisei ne-Okhotsk Yenisei.

ELwandle LwaKara, i- Yenisei yenza i-bay.

Umbuso wamanzi oMfula Yenisei

Lo mfula unomhlobo ohlangene wokudla, kodwa iqhwa liba khona, isabelo salo singaba ngu-50%, isabelo semvula - 38%, ngaphansi komhlaba (emaphethelweni aphezulu emfuleni) - 16%. ULedostav uqala ukwakha ngo-Okthoba.

Ukhukhula luqala ngo-Ephreli - Meyi. Ngesikhathi sokuqhuma kweqhwa le-spring, ukuxubana kungase kwakha. Izinga lamanzi ngalesi sikhathi likwazi ukusuka ku-5 m emaphethelweni aphezulu asemfuleni, kuze kube ngu-16 m ezigabeni ezincitshiwe.

Umfula we-Yenisei uqala phakathi kwemifula yaseRussia ngokwemvelo. Kuyi-624 km³.

Ukukhishwa kwamanzi isilinganiso ngo-19800 m3 / s (emlonyeni), okuphezulu kunemfuleni i-Igarka - 154,000 m3 / s.

Ama-tributaries we-Yenisei

Kwesobunxele: Abakan, Kas, Khemchik, Sym, Kantegir, Dubce, Turukhan, Tanama, i-Heta enkulu neyincane, Elogui

Kwesokudla: Us, iTuba, Sisim, Kebezh, Mana, Angara, Kahn, Bolshoy Pete, Bakhta, Podkamennaya kanye ne-Lower Tunguska, Dudinka, Khantayka, Kureika.

Lezi yizimboni ezinkulu, zisetshenziswe epulazini, njengoMfula waseYenisei. Ukusetshenziswa kwezomnotho kulawa manzi kubaluleke kakhulu kubantu.

Ukuhlala kwabantu

Amadolobha: Kyzyl, Sayanogorsk, Krasnoyarsk, Abakan, Shagonar, Minusinsk, Sosnovoborsk, Lesosibirsk, Zheleznogorsk, Yeniseysk, Dudinka, Igarka.

Izindawo ezincane: Karaul, Ust-Port, Cheryomushki, Shushenskoye, Main, Berezovka, Kazachinsky, Ust-Abakan, Kureika, Turukhan.

Umfula waseYenisei - ukusetshenziswa kwezomnotho kwamanzi

Ukusetshenziswa kwezomnotho kwe-Yenisei kudlala indima ebalulekile kuleli zwe. Lo mfula ungumgwaqo obalulekile we-Krasnoyarsk Territory yonke. Kuyo yonke indawo engu-3013 km (kusukela eSanoanogorsk kuya emlonyeni) umfula ungasolwandle.

Amapayipi amakhulu yiKrasnoyarsk, Abakan, Maklakovo, Strelka, Turukhansk, Ust-Port, Igarka, Yeniseisk, Kyzyl nabanye.

I-Ob-Yenisei Canal, eyayihlanganisa imifula emibili emikhulu yaseRussia, yakhiwa ekupheleni kwekhulu le-19. Kwakubaluleke kakhulu, njengoMfula i-Yenisei. Ukusetshenziswa kwezomnotho kulo mgwaqo: kwakuhambisana ne-rafting yehlathi, ukuthuthwa kwamaminerali okhiqiwe. Okwamanje, isiteshi sishiywa futhi asisetshenzisiwe.

Ukusetshenziswa koMfula i-Yenisei ngumuntu kunethonya elikhulu esimweni sezinto eziphilayo, kucabangela ukuthi kwakhiwa iziteshi eziningana namanzi kagesi emfuleni.

HPP: Krasnoyarskaya, Sayano-Shushenskaya naseMainskaya.

Umfula we-Yenisei. Ukusetshenziswa kwezomnotho nokuvikelwa kwayo

Ukusetshenziswa kwezomnotho kwe-Yenisei kunomthelela omubi hhayi kuphela emanzini omfula ngokwawo, kodwa nakwamanye amazwe aseduze. Kukhona indawo yokulima amanzi engaphansi komfula, noma, ngokunjalo, izinga lamanzi le-Yenisey liwela futhi kuchitheka ezindaweni eziseduze kwenzeka. Ngenxa yalokhu konke, izikhumbuzo eziningi zezinto zakudala nezemvelo kanye ne-biocenoses zabhujiswa. Inani elikhulu labantu laphoqeleka ukuba lihlelwe kabusha. Izitshalo eziningi ezikhulayo emfuleni noma emfuleni ngokwawo zabhujiswa.

Ukudoba okungalawuliwe kuholela ekunciphiseni kwezinhlobonhlobo zezilwane.

Indima enkulu yadlala nguMfula Yenisei ngaphambili.

Ukusetshenziswa komnotho kwamanzi ayo ezitshalweni zamandla enyukliya kwaholela ekungcoleni kwamanzi emfuleni. Ngakho ngawo-1950 izinsimbi eziningana zezikhali zenuzi zaqala ukusebenza emayini yamakhemikhali, okwakusetshenziswa amanzi kulo mfula. Ngemuva kokuhlanza amakhemikhali enuzi, amanzi abuyele emfuleni.

Ukusetshenziswa koMfula i-Yenisei kumuntu kuholela ekutheni amanzi alo agcwele udoti ohlukahlukene (kokubili imikhiqizo yasekhaya kanye ne-petroleum). Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuthatha izinyathelo zokuvikela imvelo ukuze kulondolozwe izitshalo nezilwane zomfula kanye nokuhlanzeka kwamanzi ayo.