Libor: Indaba le nesenzakalo, ukubala

Libor, imininingwane yayo enikezwe zanqwabelana Thomson Reuters olugunyazwe Intercontinental Exchange (ICE), kuba Isikhombisi esibalulekile uhlelo lwezimali. Limelela isilinganiso senzalo ku interbank sokubolekwayo. ukukhula Isimo sayo sibonisa ukungabi khona izimali khulula emakethe. Libor senzalo ibalwa ukuze zezimali ezinhlanu nesikhombisa credit nezikhathi. izikhungo eziningi zezimali ukuyisebenzisela ukubalisisa kwabo, ukugxila emsebenzini wakhe siqu.

Umlando nesenzakalo

In the 1980 zakuqala, uquqaba lwezingelosi zomculo ezintsha zezimali emakethe, ezifana: senzalo Swaps, ongakhetha lwemali futhi izivumelwano phambili. Futhi uye wethula akuqinisekwa zonke imizamo ukubikezela ukuthuthukiswa kohlelo. Ngo-October 1984, i-Bankers British 'Association yethulwa indinganiso senzalo Swaps. Wafikelwa eyandulela ka Libor. Ubopha kuze kube sekugcineni kwakuqala ngokomthetho ngo-January 1986.

Libor ibalwa ngesisekelo izinkomba Reference Bank. Lokhu kukuvumela ukuba amboze emazweni angaphezu kuka-60. Ngakho-ke, izinga Libor kabanzi izikhungo eziningi zezimali nezinhlangano commercial njengendlela lokuma wokusungula isithakazelo yayo ukusetshenziswa wesikweletu. E-United States, cishe 80% abatshelekayo subprime zibambene kuso. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi le ndawo emhlabeni wonke zisebenzisa Libor-US Dollars. Ngakho-ke, mortgage loans ezithinta izenzo Fed sika.

definition

Libor - ngamaphesenti isilinganiso loans emakethe interbank, ibalwa okusekelwe ucwaningo eziningi izikhungo akhethiwe zezimali, laphenya kwaze 11 ekuseni London isikhathi. Ngakho, lesi sibalo uyakucabangela:

• Presentation izikhungo best of ukubaluleka siqu esikhwameni salo khulula emakethe interbank.
• Umehluko amazinga e zezimali emhlabeni kunazo asetshenziswe.
• Izindleko izimali ku London ezimakethe zezimali.

ukubala

Libor ibalwa futhi enyatheliswa ejensi Intercontinental Exchange Thomson Reuters. Daily kuze 11 ekuseni London ngesikhathi inhlolovo eziningana amabhange mayelana abolekise yabo amazinga. Four extremum yasenhla nemithombo yasenzansi akubalwa kulesi sibalo. Bonke abahilelekile kulo ekubalweni isilinganiso, okuyinto Libor. Ngezinye 11:30 am, London isikhathi, Thomson Reuters Agency ishicilela le nkomba. Kulinganiselwa for 7 ezithiwa nezimali ezinhlanu. Ngokwesibonelo, kukhona inyanga ezintathu zamarandi Libor izinga.

Ngo-1986 leli nani lase ibalwa for the zezimali ezintathu - dollar, 'Mnumzane British kanye uphawu German. Khona - I-nesithupha. Ngo-2000, maningi amazwe aye langena endaweni euro. Amanani kwabalwa for zezimali eziyishumi. Ngo-2013, ngemva nehlazo abasephula, kwanqunywa ukuba ukunciphisa uhlu emihlanu. Kuze kube manje, Libor ibalwa for the US dollar, euro, umina British, yen Japanese futhi swiss franc.

Kuze 1998, esifitshane wesikweletu kunakwe lapho kubalwa le nkomba kwaba inyanga eyodwa. Khona-ke izinga masonto onke Libor ingezwe. Futhi ngo-2001 - ngosuku. Ngemva izinguquko ngo-2013, Libor ibalwa ngokuba nezikhathi eziyisikhombisa. Isikhathi eside kunazo zonke imalimboleko - kuba izinyanga eziyishumi nambili.

scandal

Ngo-June 2012, ngesikhathi uphenyo atholakele imisebenzi eminingi zokukhwabanisa yi Izikhombo Bank zokuboshelwa Libor amazinga. I izinsolo wokuqala mayelana ukuba yiqiniso kwale ndaba. ulwazi olunikeziwe uvele 2008. Falsification lezinombolo sokubalwa Libor amazinga ngalesi sikhathi, ngisho ngokuthi yezimbangela kokuntengantenga kwezimali emhlabeni jikelele. Ngo 2013 Waqala ukusebenza izinguquko eziningana ezingathi sína le nkomba, eklanyelwe ukuthuthukisa obala yayo futhi ukuvimbela ukubonisa engalungile kohlelo lwezezimali emhlabeni wonke.