Intengo emakethe

Intengo emakethe (kule nomthetho Russian Federation izintela) - intengo kwezimpahla, eye yathuthuka esikhathini ukuxhumana mahhala emakethe supply futhi afune izimpahla noma ezifanayo ku-izimo kwezomnotho wafana.

Intengo emakethe kunqunywa ngokuhambisana Tax Code of the Russian Federation. Ngezinye lasungulwa zibalwe premium noma Isaphulelo okubangelwa ukulahlekelwa okuthengisa noma ezinye izici umthengi, iyehla iyenyuka kwesizini ngokufunwa, inqubomgomo ukumaketha, usuku lokuphelelwa yisikhathi, ukuqaliswa amasampula noma ukuhlola onobuhle kwezimpahla, njll

Uma kubhekwa intengo ezimweni ezimakethe ikhumbula ukuthengiselana phakathi abantu abangekho ancikene. Ukuzimisela amanani kuthinta cishe iziboshwa phambi ukuthengiselana kwezimpahla ezifanayo (kunakwe ivolumu izimpahla ezithunyelwe, ukulethwa imigomo, imibandela lokukhokha, nezinye izinto ezingase zithinte ukwanda noma ukwehla kwamanani.

Umsebenzi amanani okuthengisa umkhiqizo kuhlanganise:

• orienting (inikeza ulwazi mayelana iqembu kwezimpahla);
• ukusatshalaliswa (ibhalansi imali kubahlanganyeli umnotho);
• inkanuko (enomthelela ekuthuthukiseni izindlela ezingcono ekukhiqizeni nokudayiswa kwezimpahla).

Intengo emakethe Kumiswa izinkathi ezintathu:

1. ngokuya yakhoibrium leso, intengo kuncike kuphela okufunekayo;
2. endaweni yakhoibrium yesikhashana, lapho funa kungaba ezinqumela ashintshwe nganoma iyiphi isiqondiso;
3. endaweni yakhoibrium eside ukusebenzisa lapho supply ulungisa zonke ukuthi zifune ukuqondiswa, futhi umphumela waba ukuthi intengo yakhoibrium emakethe eba.

Uma emakethe eba isimo lapho supply esingaphansi ukufunwa umkhiqizo, lokhu kusilela eza kuye. Kungenjalo, kukhona ngokweqile emakethe kwezimpahla (phetho ukukhiqiza ngokwedlulele). Olinganiselayo (yakhoibrium) intengo ikuvumela ukuba ulungise inani izimpahla emakethe futhi sifinyelele nenzuzo oyinhloko umsebenti wetemnotfo.

Intengo emakethe ihlaziye ngokuqhathanisa ukuthengiselana phakathi kwabantu okuhlobene futhi engahlobene. Ukuqhathanisa ukuthengiselana engaqhathaniswa kuphela engenziwa (uzibophezele izimo ezifanayo zezimali kanye commercial).

Intengo emakethe kungavela kuphela emakethe wokuncintisana ephelele. Akunakwenzeka kwezimo abasebenza ngaphansi kwazo ayitholwa nabathengisi ngazinye, intengo ukubandlulula.

Ukwakheka ngentengo enjalo ithinta izici eziningi (bangaphandle zangaphakathi ukuze nomkhiqizi izimpahla).

Ngo ngentengo emakethe eba ngaphezu kwakho konke ngaphansi kwethonya supply ekhona futhi ukufunwa impahla. Demand - isekelwa ikhono zezimali isifiso umthengi ukuthenga izimpahla. Imikhiqizo ngaphezulu ukufinyelela emakethe, ephansi intengo kumele isethelwe ku kubo.

Ukunikeza - inani izimpahla abathengisi bazimisele ukunikeza umthengi ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile. Uma kukhona ukwehla ziphoqa ngenxa ukwanda lezimpahla amanani, isiphakamiso, kunalokho, anda, elibonisa ukuguquguquka isithakazelo intengo kwezimpahla nabathengisi futhi abathengi. Ngokwesibonelo, intengo emakethe kwebhondi (njengoba kuqhathaniswa ngokulinganisa) isethwe kuphela ngaphansi kwethonya funa.

Isici wemakethe khulula wukuthi ezingeni elithile iziphakamiso ukukhiqizwa ulwela sokulinganisela. Lapho ufika ukuxhumana phakathi kwaneliswe isidingo angesabi abasafufusa emakethe (fair) intengo. Kodwa ibhalansi owujami, lishintsha ngaphansi kwethonya izici ezihlukahlukene.

Izinga amanani emakethe kuthinta kuyaqina - inkomba yokuthi izinguquko e ukufunwa izimpahla, okwenzeka uma uguqula amanani. Isici esibalulekile ngokulinganayo mncintiswano, ephoqa abakhiqizi ukushintsha amanani imikhiqizo anikezwa kubo. Hola izinguquko amanani nonekhono ukuziphatha kwabathengi (ukusabela abathengi izingxenye ezahlukene amanani ekhona emakethe). Ngaphezu kwalokho okuthiwa, udinga ukuba acabangele yisici esibalulekile ezinjalo, njengoba isiqondiso isimo amanani.