Kuyini umlando wokukhulekela? Umlando wesiRashiya wendabuko

Kuyini umlando wokukhulekela? Okokuqala, lokhu kuyi-folk art, ehlangene noma eyedwa, ngomlomo, ebhalwe phansi kaningi. Isitayela semfundo yokukhulumisana phakathi kwabantu ngokuvamile asizange igcizelele imizwelo. Lichaza imicabango nezifiso ezihlobene nezenzakalo ezithile futhi ziphelelwe isikhathi ukuhambisana nazo. Ngakho-ke, imikhosi ihlanganisa ikakhulukazi izingoma, ukukhala, izindaba zomndeni, izilahla, udumo lomshado. Isigaba esihlukile kubhekwa njengamaqhinga ajwayelekile, iziphonso ne-zaklichki, izibalo nokunyundela.

Kuyini umlando wenkolo ngomqondo obanzi

Lezi yimisebenzi yobuciko bendlela encane, ehlotshaniswa namasiko, amasiko, izinhlobo zenkolo nezama-ethnographic. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi kuzo zonke izimo, amasiko aphethe izimpawu zomlingiswa kazwelonke. Isikhathi samanje, njengokungathi, siphumelele. Amasiko amadala namasiko angcono kakhulu agcinwe esikhathini esedlule.

I-spectrum yamasiko wezinkolelo ibanzi ngokwanele. Leli yindawo yokuhlaziya emzaneni, ukucula kwezingoma zomculo emasimini, ngesikhathi sokusebenza emasimini, ukuqhuma ukudla noma ukudla. Njengoba amasiko wendabuko ayekhona ekuphileni kwabantu abavamile ngaso sonke isikhathi, umlando wendabuko wabantu baseRashiya wawuhlala futhi uyingxenye ebalulekile yokuphila kwabo. Ukuvela kwamasiko kuhlale kuhlobene nezimo zesikhathi eside. Isomiso esiqhubekayo, esongela isivuno, singase sibe yisikhathi sokuba abantu baphendukele kuNkulunkulu usizo. Noma yiziphi izenzakalo zemvelo eziyingozi kubantu, nazo ziphoqelela ukuba zifune indlela yokuphuma kweso simo. Futhi kaningi lokhu kuyimithandazo nezicelo, amakhandlela namanothi emasontweni.

Imikhosi eminingi kanye namasiko ezinkambiso ephelele kunomkhuba-imilingo. Ziyisisekelo sezimiso zokuziphatha emphakathini, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ngisho nokuthola izici zomuntu kazwelonke. Leli qiniso lifakazela ukujula kwamagugu, futhi ngenxa yalokho, izindinganiso zesikhathi eside.

Imikhosi yenkolo ihlukaniswe yaba ngumsebenzi, imikhosi, umndeni kanye neyodwa. AmaRussia ahlobene ngokulingana namanye amasiko amaSlavic. Futhi ngaphandle kwalokho, bavame ukuxhunyaniswa nabantu abaningi bamazwe atholakala ngaphesheya kwezwe. Ukuhlangana kwamasiko ahlukene ekuboneni kuqala kubangelwa ukufaniswa ngokomlando.

Umkhosi ka-Ivan Kupala

Isithandwa samasiko esiRitual eRussia selokhu senele ngokwanele futhi asidingi ukususwa okuvela ngaphandle. Ukuqala kwemikhuba yamaRussia namasiko akudluli kuphela kusukela esizukulwaneni kuya esizukulwaneni, kodwa futhi yakhula yaba yimihlangano emisha, ngokuvamile ivamile. Umkhosi wendabuko ophawuleka kakhulu ngumkhosi ka-Ivan Kupala. Lo mkhosi unezimpande zobuqaba. Ngobusuku be-Ivan Kupala kwakuvutha umlilo omkhulu, futhi ngamunye wabo kwakudingeka agxume phezu komlilo. Akuzange njalo kwenzeke, kwakukhona ingozi yokuwa nokushiswa.

Ebusuku ku-Ivan Kupala kwakungokwesiko ukwenza izinto ezingaphezu komkhuba, ukweba imfuyo emakhelwane, ukubhubhisa imihlathi, ukunyathela imifino yemifino nokugxilisa iminyango emagodini ngezinti ukuze abaqashi bangakwazi ukuphuma. Izisusa zazo zonke lezi zenzo azikacaci. Ngosuku olulandelayo, izakhamuzi ezidabukile zaphinde zaba izakhamuzi ezilinganayo.

I-Song of Rite

Indawo ephawulekayo emlandweni wesiRashiya wendabuko yizinkondlo, ezingahle zihlukaniswe ngokomzimba izingoma zomculo (iziphonso, izingcingo, izingoma eziphakeme) nomlingo (iziphonso, i-verdicts, izikhalazo).

Izingoma-izingoma ziphendukela emvelweni, zacela inhlalakahle ezindabeni zomndeni nezomndeni. AmaGreande ahlabelela ngamaholide, eMaslenitsa, Kolyada kanye neminye imikhosi. Ama-chanson amaculo ayedelela.

Bamba kanye nekhalenda

Kanye nezinye, eRussia kwakukhona umlando wendabuko wohlobo lwekhalenda, oluhlobene ngqo nemisebenzi yezolimo ngomqondo obanzi kakhulu. Izingoma zesikhalenda-eziyisiko - lobuciko obudala kunabo bonke, okwakhiwa ngokuyiminyaka eminingi emisebenzini yezilwane emasimini futhi engasaboni.

Ikhalenda yezolimo, isimiso somsebenzi wezinsizakalo zezinkathi zonyaka yisihlelo esiyingqayizivele senhlobo lengoma. Ama-Melodies angabantu bonke, azalwa ngemuva kokulima, i-harrow ne-weeding. Amagama alula, kodwa kule ngoma izinkondlo kwakukhona uhla oluphelele lokuhlangenwe nakho kwabantu, ithemba lenhlanhla, okulindelwe ukukhathazeka, ukungaqiniseki, okulandelwa yi-glee. Akukho okuhlanganisa abantu njengenhloso evamile kuwo wonke umuntu, kungaba ukuvuna noma ukucula kwezingoma. Izindinganiso zezenhlalakahle zithatha ngendlela ethile. Kulesi simo kungumlando wezinkolelo kanye nemikhuba yaseRashiya, amasiko namasiko.

I-Folklore yizinkathi zonyaka

Izingoma zomsakazo wezinhlanga zasemuva zizwakala zijabule. Babonakala njengamahlaya, bengenandaba futhi benesibindi. Izingoma zezinhlobo zasehlobo zazibonakala zijulile, zahlabelela ngomqondo wokufeza, kodwa njengokungathi zilindelekile emangalisweni - isivuno esihle. Ekwindla, ngezinye izikhathi ngesikhathi sokuvuna, izingoma zemihla ngemihla zifana nomucu oweluliwe. Abantu abazange baphumule okwesikhashana, ngaphandle kwalokho ngeke ube nesikhathi sokuqoqa konke ngaphambi kwemvula.

Isizathu sokuzijabulisa

Futhi lapho amabhuloho egcwele, lapha futhi baqala ukuthokozisa abantu, ama-ditties, amadansa, amadansa nemishado. Umlando wendabuko wesigaba sekhalenda somsebenzi onzima ngokushelelekile odluliselwa emikhosini kanye nokuphila mahhala nemikhosi. Abantu abasha babhekana, kwaziwe abantu abasha. Futhi lapha amasiko wendabuko awazange akhohlwe, umlando wendabuko wabantu baseRashiya "wasukuma waze wafika phezulu." Ezikhungweni zaqala ukucabangela phezu kwe-sucheni-yazhenyh, amantombazane achitha amahora avutha amakhandlela futhi agubha izindandatho ngezintambo ezincane. Amakhokhe namahlumela azizwa egijimela phezu kwehlombe lakhe, ukuhlekisana kwakwezwakala ekamelweni eliphezulu.

AmaKhisimusi

Iyini inganekwane yenkolo ngokwemfundiso yenkolo? Iholidi lokuzalwa kukaKristu libhekwa njengelinye lezendabuko kakhulu eRussia. Kulandela emva nje koMnyaka Omusha. Kuvunywa ukuthi uzochitha leli holide kanje futhi lokhu kuzoba unyaka wonke. UKhisimusi kubhekwa omunye ekuqaleni komnyaka omusha. Lona ngumcimbi omkhulu wenkolo waseRussia. NgoJanuwari 6, ngoKhisimusi kaKhisimusi, ukuqala kwezimoto kuqale. Lezi zindawo zokugcoba izindlu namafulethi anezingoma nezikhwama ezigcwele okusanhlamvu. I-Carols ngokuvamile izingane. Wonke umuntu ufuna ukuthola i-pie noma i-chocolates encane kubanikazi bendlu ngokuphendula ngokuhalalisela ngeholidi.

Odala kunazo zonke emgodini wokugcoba uvame ukuthatha isigxobo esithi "Inkanyezi yaseBetlehema", eyabonakala esibhakabhakeni, lapho uJesu Kristu ezalwa. AbakwaSundowns, abafika ngezimoto, akufanele baphoqe izipho ezinganeni, ngaphandle kwalokho kuzodingeka balalele ukuhlambalaza kwamahlaya abantwana.

Ubusuku obukhulu bonyaka

Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa emva kosuku lukaKhisimusi, uNyaka Omusha weza (namuhla siwubiza ngokuthi uMnyaka Omusha Omusha), owawubuye uhambisane nemikhosi yombhalo. Abantu babefisa omunye nomunye injabulo, impilo ende futhi yonke impumelelo ebhizinisini. Siyakuhalalisela sanikezwa ngesimo sezimoto ezincane. Umkhuba odumile wawuyizingoma "zekamela" ezahambisana nokubhula ngemuva kwamabili. Yilokho umlando wendabuko u-Eva Wonyaka Omusha!

Futhi lapho ubusika siphuma, yisikhathi sezintambo zakhe - futhi abantu baphuma emigwaqweni ukuyohlangana neShrovetide. Yisikhathi semikhosi yasebusuku yama-winter folkloric enokuhamba kathathu, ngezinhlanga ezikhungweni ze-squeaky, kanye nemidlalo yama skates namaqembu. Umnandi uyaqhubeka kuze kube mnyama, futhi kusihlwa wonke umndeni uhlala phansi ngesitofu futhi ukhumbula iholidi elidlule. Phakathi nemihlangano enjalo bahlabelela izingoma, bahlabelela i-chastushki, badlala imidlalo. Lona futhi umlando womndeni wabantu baseRashiya. Ihlanganisa izindaba zomndeni, nezingoma zomshado, ne-lullabies, nokulila, nokuningi okuningi.