Isithombe se-Onegin encwadini ethi "Eugene Onegin"

Isithombe se-Onegin ... Bangaki abantu abahlukene abathintekayo futhi bazokwenyuka? Angahle ngisho namakhulu ezinkulungwane (ngokubheka ikharikhulamu yesikole kanye nezinkomba ezikhethekile zemfundo ephakeme). Cishe, izigidi zezikhathi zaseRussia nabangaphandle zazizama ukubhala ngaye. Lesi sithombe sithombe sithombe asigcini nje kuphela ngobuciko nobuciko balobuciko; Ngesinye isikhathi waphefumulela ngempela abahlakaniphile ekuqaleni kwekhulu leshumi nesishiyagalolunye ukukhipha iRussia ekupheleni kokuthuthukiswa kwezenhlalakahle emgwaqeni omkhulu wezingqalasizinda zenhlalakahle nezezimboni.

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Indawo "Eugene Onegin" emsebenzini wePushkin

Ngiyakhumbula amazwi ka-Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin: "Ngazakhela isikhumbuzo engenziwanga ngezandla ..." I-classic ibheka umsebenzi wonyaka oneminyaka eyisikhombisa kwendabuko evesini elithi "Eugene Onegin" a feat. Kwakuyimbono ethembeke kakhulu "yombongi, owokuqala e-Russian Parnassus" emphakathini waseRashiya owawuzungezile, kuhlanganise nezwe eliphezulu. Wabhala ngesizukulwane sakhe, futhi lokhu kwamnika amandla ... Ngesihlandlo sokuqala umlobi wezincwadi ezifuywayo wasuka waya eGolgotha weqiniso futhi wazama ukumela ngobuqotho futhi ngobuciko obuhle ngaleso sikhathi okhathazekile ngaleso sikhathi abantu abaphambili kakhulu eRussia. Yayikudalwa kwakhe okuthandayo. Ikakhulukazi u-Pushkin wakha isiteji esithi "Onegin" - imigqa engu-14 ye -iamba enezintambo ezine enemvumelwano ngokulandela ifomu CCddEffEgg.

Inhloso ekuboniseni ubuhle bekhulu lokuqala le-XIX

U-Alexander Sergeevich, elandela izimiso zobuqiniso, ngobuqotho nangokweqiniso wabonisa ukuthi ungqimba lomphakathi wezicukuthwane, eqinisweni - amandla aseRussia, lwayeka ukuba luqhube phambili lwenqubekela phambili. Ukuhlonishwa kwekhulu leminyaka elidlule - abantu abakhelwe ngesikhathi sikaCatherine, lapho igazi elishisayo labonwa khona kanye nokuzimisela ukwenza izinto zeBlandland kanye nezenzo - zahlehliswa. Yisikhathi esihle kakhulu sokunqoba nokuvunywa kwenkazimulo yaseRussia eminyakeni yobudala yekhulu leshumi nesishiyagalolunye. Insizakalo esigabeni sesiphathi ayisakhanga izikhundla. Abamele bezwe eliphakeme baphatha umncintiswano wemigqa nemiklomelo. Bahlanganyela ngentshiseko ebudlelwaneni obuhlukahlukene, izinkathazo. Ngokuvamile izicukuthwane zibeka inhlalakahle yomuntu kanye nempilo yazo yangasese ngaphezu kwezinto ezithandwa umphakathi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, beyiqembu elikhulu lezombusazwe elithakazelisayo ekulondolozeni i-serfdom. Phela, kwakungelungelo lokubusa izinhloso zezigidi zabantu ezakha isisekelo sethonya labo kuhulumeni.

Ukunciphisa u-Onegin - umkhiqizo wemfundo ephakeme yomphakathi

U-Eugene Onegin ungummeleli womunye, isizukulwane esingasebenzi kahle sefa elihloniphekile lekhulu lokuqala le-XIX. U-Onegin ungumphathi esikhathini esedlule, kodwa wadumala futhi wayeka (ngokusho kukaPushkin, wayenesizungu "futhi efungela, futhi e-sabers, futhi ehola"). Ukukhonza i-Fatherland njengombono wokwakha ungqimba womphakathi eduze nenkosi, isici segolide le-XVIII leminyaka, eminyakeni eyikhulu kamuva seyeke ukufaneleka kubantu abahloniphekile. Nakuba babengabantu abafunde kakhulu ngaleso sikhathi.

Yilokho okusiza abafundi ukuba baqonde umfanekiso othembeke kakhulu we-Onegin

Umzamo wePushkin, leli qiniso elimangalisayo lelizwi, okwenza isithombe sika-Eugene, ukuba athathe, ukuletha abafundi izici ezijwayelekile zesikhathi esiphikisanayo esivela ku-intsha efundisiwe yaseRussia, lapho amabutho abilayo khona, imicabango iyaqhakaziza, ekugcineni ibe nenhloko ethile nokuxhumana, Ukubona okuthile okuqhubekayo nokudingekile. Noma kunjalo, akusizi. Wenza indima yomqaphi ohlakaniphile wokuphila okuzungezile, hhayi umhlanganyeli wayo. Ukhumbuza umfana we-marble evela ku-Andersen indaba encane ethi The Little Mermaid. Ubumnandi bakhe, ubuhle bakhe nomqondo wakhe kubanda. Ngakho-ke, mhlawumbe, isithombe se-Onegin siyingozi ...

Yini Eugene engayenza?

Lo muntu onolwazi lwakhe lwezomnotho, esekelwe esimweni esingokomlando, ngempela wayenezinto eziningi eziphathelene namandla. Umnotho waseRussia ushiye ngemuva. Kwakungekho nojantshi. Amabhizinisi ase-capitalist ayesesimweni esibucayi. I-Serfdom yayimvimbela isisetshenziswa somuntu wezwe elikhulu. Kodwa-ke, akusebenzi futhi, yini ehlabayo, umphakathi awuwushicileli noma uwuhlanganise (umuntu, ngokungangabazeki, oyinhloko) ukuxazulula le misebenzi ebalulekile. Umphakathi waseRashiya u-amorphous, ungaphansi kwethonya lezwe eliphakeme. Intsha ehloniphekile, ukuthola imfundo eYurophu (ngokuqondile, i-pro-French), ukuhlukunyezwa ngokuphelele emphakathini kusukela ekuqaleni! Yeka ukuthi yathandeka kanjani ngokuzikhandla, i-ephemeral, izwe lomphakathi ophakeme, elihlukanisile neqiniso laseRussia!

Ukususwa kwe-gendarmerie yenhlangano ye-Decembrist

Futhi izwe eliphakeme, ngesilinganiso esikhulu, lingaphansi kwezifiso zobugovu zabantu abathile. Njengoba singabona, umbuthano uvaliwe. Le "qhinga - 22"! Akubanga yini lokhu okugqugquzela ukudalwa kwenhlangano yeDemembrist? Ephendula injabulo yokucabanga okuqhubekayo, uMbusi uNicholas I, bese kuthi u-Alexander I (lo mbuso, kancane kancane) akhethe uhlelo lokukwakha amandla wamaphoyisa, uhlelo olungenazo izithakazelo zaseRussia. Isisulu salolu hlobo lwombuso laliyiPushkin, ladingiselwa ekuthunjweni kwasekuqaleni. "Onegin", inkaba evesini, yaqala ukudalulwa ngokuqondile ekuthunjweni kweseningizimu ye-imbongi, ngenxa yabangane, ukuhlala eSiberia ngenxa ye "amavesi acasulayo ahlasela iRussia" kwashintshwa ngomzuzu wokugcina ngokunciphisa isijeziso.

Inoveli yePushkin iyinhlangano yezinguquko

Masikhumbule ukuthi yiliphi uhlobo lamagama aqala idolobha elidumile elibhalwa nguProfesa Tolkien. Iqala ngomcabango othakazelisayo wokuthi kuwo wonke umhlaba kukhona izinguquko, kuzo zonke izakhi zalo, ukuthi lezi zinguquko zisondele, ukuthi sezizofika.

Kubonakala sengathi u-Alexander Sergeyevich wazizwa ngendlela efanayo, ngaphambi kokudalwa komsebenzi wakhe ovelele. Izindlela zokuveza nokuzinikela ukuzwa isidingo seRussia esinezigidi ezingamashumi amane zokuguqula isimo kwakuwumfanekiso ka-Onegin encwadini yombhalo evesini, umsebenzi ongokomfanekiso wokusebenza waseRussia ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19.

Inoveli yePushkin yayiyikhono elinamandla lokusebenzisa isiphakeli esingasebenzi.

"Onegin" ngumsebenzi othandwayo

Kunesici esisodwa ngaphezulu emsebenzini wePushkin. Khumbula ukuthi u-Alexander Sergeevich "u-Eugene Onegin" wayengumsebenzi wakhe oyintandokazi. Isimbongi, esilandela izinzuzo ze-protagonist yakhe, sidala isithombe esikhulu kakhulu sombuso waseRussia. Encwadini sibhekana nezinhlamvu zombili zomhlaba ophezulu, nezinduna zendawo, nabasimizi. Ngaphezu kokuboniswa kwangempela kwazo zonke izendlalelo zomphakathi, u-Alexander Sergeyevich ubonisa lokho okuthandwa nguwe, indlela yaleso sikhathi, imikhuba yokucabanga komphakathi. Yingakho uPeter Pletnev, umngane wenkondlo, ebiza inkaba ngokuthi "i-pocket mirror", noVissarion Grigorievich Belinsky - umkhiqizo wezinga eliphakeme kakhulu lomuntu. Futhi lokhu kungakhathaliseki ukuthi isithombe sika-Onegin encwadini inoveli sinokuhlonishwa kakhulu ezweni eliphakeme. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uyamdelela, enganaki imihlangano yakhe, ebonisa ngokucacile umfundi ukuthi abantu "abavela lapho" abafani nolwazi olujulile noma umsebenzi ongenalutho wezwe lakwaBaba. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, akakwazi ukuhamba kuye ngokwanele ukungazinaki ngokuphelele imibono yakhe nokuhlola. U-Alexander Sergeevich wabhala ngeqhawe lakhe, ukuthi umphakathi ophakeme "uncibilikisayo ... wagijima emva kwakhe ... njengomfazi othembekile."

U-Onegin uba ngumuntu ohlonishwayo

Siyamazi u-Eugene ekuqaleni kwendabuko, lapho yena, umphathi ompofu, ebusika ngo-1819 ngokuzumayo eba yindlalifa kumnikazi womnikazi oshonile, umalume wakhe. Isithombe se-Onegin enkulumweni kaPushkin, eyakhuliswe umfundisi ongumFulentshi, ayinandaba nakho konke imbongi eyayikuthanda: ulimi lwesiRashiya, uhlobo lwesiRashiya, isiko labantu, isiko. Ukhuluma isiFulentshi esivumelana kahle, uyakwazi ukukhuluma ngomusa, anakho "isayensi yethemba lesithando." U-Alexander Sergeyevich udweba indaba ngokuhambela kuka-Onegin ezindaweni zokudlala nezitolo zokudlela.

Ngaphambi kokwamukelwa kwefa, wahola impilo evamile yobusha bendulungu yakhe, wayichitha kuma salons, amabhola, amaqembu, amahholo. Noma kunjalo, wayenengwa yizici zokuziphatha. Waqala ukugwema izimemo.

Isithombe se-Onegin enkulumweni kaPushkin luhlobo lomuntu ohlonishwayo owaziwayo owazi uhlobo olonakalisayo lwe-serfdom. Ihlukaniswa yingqondo ebandayo enengqondo kanye nobuhle bomphefumulo. Kuyisici ukuthi lapho engena enqabeni yefa, washintsha indawo, okwakunzima kulabo abalimi, "ngesikhumba emaphashini". Nokho, akazange abe ngumnikazi osebenzayo epulazini lezilwane. Njengommeleli ojwayelekile wesigaba esilawulayo, akazwa isidingo esincane kakhulu somsebenzi owusizo emphakathini. Ukuzama ukwenza umsebenzi wokubhala, ngokushesha wakhumula kulo msebenzi, njengoba uPushkin ebhala phansi. U-Onegin, eba yinkosikazi yendawo, wahlala indoda enkulu. Yonke imfundo yangaphambilini ayizange ihlanganise u-Eugene ukujwayela kunoma yimuphi umsebenzi. Kuye, yonke indlela yokuphila yabantu eyenza izimpahla zomphakathi ihlukile, ayibangeli isithakazelo, futhi nesifiso sokuhlanganyela kuyo ngenkuthalo. Le ndoda engavamile, ejulile engqondweni, njengeGrisi i-Anteus, engenalo uxhumano nomhlaba wayo, ibukeka ingenamandla futhi ingenasisekelo, ngaphandle kwenjongo ekuphileni.

Bonisa okuningi

Kwakuphakathi nokuhlala kukaJevgeny edolobhaneni uhlamvu lwakhe lwazibonakalisa. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uyayigwema umphakathi wezakhiwo ezizungezile nezingenamkhawulo ezizungezile. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, njengoba ukuhlaziywa kwe-Onegin kubonisa, akahambisani nokuhlolwa kothando.

Ukungqubuzana kwangaphakathi komlingiswa oyinhloko wenveli kubonakala kakhulu ebuhlotsheni bakhe noTatyana Larina. UTatyana uyinhlamvu ethandekayo ka-Alexander Sergeevich ngokwakhe, phakathi kwakho konke akwake wadala. Yena, wakhulela kumanoveli, wabona ku-Eugene "uhlobo olufanayo" lwamaqhawe othandana naye futhi wamthanda ngobuqotho naye. Incwadi yakhe yokuvuma, eyabhalwa ehlobo ka-1820, iyinhlangano evelele yokubhala imizwa yabantu.

Kumele kuqaphele ukuthi izithombe zezinsikazi encwadini ethi "Eugene Onegin", ikakhulukazi iTatiana Larina, zinemvelo kakhulu kune-protagonist yenanveli, ezixhunyiwe kubantu bangempela, ezikhungweni zabo. Yena, ngokungafani ne-protagonist, unomkhuba wobuntu obunjalo njengokusondelana nombono wabantu wezwe, ngobuqotho. Umsindo nokukhanya okukhanyayo ubiza ngokuthi "ama-rack masquerade." U-Vissarion Belinsky wabiza lesi sibonakaliso se "Russian Russian" ngesimo seTatiana (okwakungekho ngokuphelele e-Eugene) - a feat.

Ngempela, ngaphambi kokuba i-Pushkin Tatiana ebuciko, abantu kanye nabameleli bezikhundla babephikisana kakhulu, kodwa abahambisani nomgomo.

Ukuhlola ngobuhlobo

Iqhawe lezincwadi u-Onegin lihlukanisa "umphefumulo ngokuhlonipha ngokuqondile". Njengoba uPushkin ebhala ngaye, u-Eugene "ungumlingani onomusa" nomngani wakhe siqu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngomunye wemifanekiso yena ngokwakhe oziveza encwadini yakhe, uzibonakalisa eceleni komunye u-Onegin ekuthungeni kweBridge Bridge. U-Evgeny unamathele kubangani bakhe ngomphefumulo wakhe. Isibonelo ubuhlobo bakhe obunobungane noVladimir Lensky, imbongi enomdlandla oneminyaka eyishumi nesishiyagalolunye ubudala. Yena, esewuthole imfundo eJalimane, wayegcwele umoya we-Romanticism. Ukuba imbongi, unomdlandla, udala ngokuqamba izinkondlo ezithakazelisayo. Nokho, ukuhlaziywa kwe "Onegin" kubonisa ukuthi lobu buhlobo buvela emithethweni yezwe eliphakeme. Ngaphandle kokwabelana ngezikhathi zokuzijabulisa ezimnandi namaqembu kanye namaqembu, kanye nezeluleko ezinobungane komunye nomunye, lobu buhlobo babusho inqwaba yabantu abaningi abasha. Lokhu kungenzeka futhi bakhulise ukufutheka komunye nomunye, nethuba lokuphindiselela kumngane ngenxa yokuphazamiseka okuncane nokuncane kwesikhashana.

Isiphukuphuku esivela ekucabangeni komqondo ovamile ovamile yindaba ye-duel ye-Onegin no-Lensky ngoJanuwari 14, 1821, okwaphela ngokudabukisayo ngenxa yokugcina. Ukulandela imiqondo yokukhanya, esaba ukubizwa ngokuthi u-coward, u-Eugene Onegin akazange aqede i-duel ngomqondo okhuni obandayo. Amahhashi weveli, eqinisweni, angakwazi ukuxazulula ubuhlobo bawo futhi angayisebenzisi izikhali. Amanye amazwe aphezulu awanikezelwa ngaphandle ngaphandle kokuziphatha okucindezelekile nokungafanele.

U-Eugene Onegin ngemuva kwesibili

Ebusika ngo-1821 u-Onegin uyahamba. Ngakho kwasungulwa phakathi kwama-duelists - ukuhamba, ukuze kamuva, lapho befika, abahlezi baxhaswa. Futhi uTatyana ngesikhathi esifanayo uyashada. U-Onegin ngo-1823/1824 uhlala e-Odessa (ukulandelana kwezinkambo kufana nokuhlala kukaPushkin lapho). Ebusika ngo-1824-18, wabuyela eSt. Petersburg.

Lapha uhlangana noTatyana. Usevele eqotho. Iqhwa lenhliziyo yakhe liyancibilika. U-Evgenie uchazwa othandweni ... Nokho, uTatyana ungomunye ... Umama womndeni, umyeni womyeni, umgcini wendawo. Ngokuhamba komphefumulo wakhe, uzizwa enomthwalo wemfanelo wakhe wokulondeka komndeni wakhe.

I-Pushkin ... Onegin ... Tatiana ... Yeka isithombe esihle kakhulu imizwa evezwe yinkosi enkulu yegama!

Ukubaluleka kwesithombe

Kusukela ku-Eugene Onegin ka-Pushkin, izincwadi zesiRashiya zinomkhuba wokuveza "amaqhawe ngezikhathi." Ama-Classics, aqala ngo-Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin, aqala ukuzibuza ukuthi ungubani - umuntu ovamile ngalesi sikhathi, enquma ukuqhubeka komphakathi. Ngemva kweqhawe likaPushkin, uGrigory Aleksandrovich Pechorin kaLermontov uvele phambi komphakathi. Isici sokuqhathanisa sika-Onegin noPechorin sibonisa ukuthi bobabili abahlonishwayo, ukungabaza kwabo, ukungakholwa kwabo ngezindlela eziningi - izithelo zenqubomgomo yasekhaya yaseRussia yase-Gendarmer ngemuva kwemicimbi kaDisemba 14, inqubomgomo yokungathembi kubantu. Okubalulekile kokubili lobu buntu kungukuphikisana nombono oseduze, isifiso sokuthola nokuzibona.

Isiphetho

Isithombe se-Onegin - indawo ephawulekayo yomsebenzi wePushkin. Ubuhle bakhe nobuciko bakhe babuthandwa futhi bayathandwa. Lona akuyona umuntu ompunga, uhlamvu lomdwebo. Uyaziwa ngengqondo ejulile, ikhono lokuhlaziya nokunquma izisusa zangempela kanye nezindwangu zenqubo. Uyazi kahle abantu. Izithombe ezehlukene kuleveli "Eugene Onegin" zibonakala zikhangwa umlingo womlingiswa oyinhloko wenveli.

Inezici ze-autobiographical. Nokho, imbongi ayizihlanganisi ngokugcwele no-Onegin. Akayithandi u-Eugene, ekhomba ukungahambi kahle. Umbiza ngokuthi umngane wakhe. Uzihlanganisa "ngezwi elivela kumlobi".

Inoveli yePushkin, njengoba uyazi, iphetha ngesenzo esingapheli. Ngakho-ke, wonke umfundi unelungelo lokuzicabangela ngokwakhe - kungakhathaliseki ukuthi u-Eugene angazithola yini, noma ngabe impilo izophila - ngaphandle kokuzimela.