Biography of uSocrates - samuntu ukubukwa sazi

Indodana ongumakhi umbelethisi Athene, eyazalwa, ngokusobala, ngonyaka 469 ngaphambi kokuzalwa kukaKristu, waziwa emhlabeni wonke. Biography of uSocrates - the "Ubaba" wefilosofi idealist - esizoyithola imithombo amaningi. Okokuqala, ukuthi isebenza umlandeli walo kaPlato, owabhala "Ukuxolisa" uthisha wakhe, futhi umsebenzi uXenophon. hero lesi sihloko azange abhale nganoma imiphi imisebenzi, futhi wanelisa izingxoxo ne abalaleli. Wayekholelwa ukuthi kule ndlela eba kuzo ngekhono lokucabanga. Ngaphezu kwalokho, biography of USocrates (noma, kunalokho, enye idatha ku-ke) kungenziwa kancane wasimama ngemva ahlekisayo of Aristophanes 'Amafu'. Nokho, lo msebenzi it is funda kunalokho caricature wanoma wayecabangisisa abadumile, umbhali kabani ngesiGreki kudidaniswe abaphikisi bakhe - abameleli isikole amaSophist.

Sefilosofi esidumile Athene, owayebizwa ngokuthi "nasibawu" abase-Athene bathanda, waphila ngesikhathi of the Peloponnesian War. Ngesikhathi isiqongo ababephila ngesikhathi sakhe-amaSophist, akazange azibiza esikweyoku. Nguye owasungula igama elithi "UPhilo-sophia." Okungukuthi, uSocrates azi- umthandi ngokuhlakanipha, ethi akazi lutho ngokuqinisekile, futhi kuphela ngokuthé ngqo. Wabalahla nemigomo yentsandvo yelinyenti, le ungowokuzalwa Polis ngesiGreki, okuningi wayemubi, wavusa Intukuthelo yezakhamuzi ovelele nokumangalelwa icala lokuhlambalaza futhi yagcina isigwebo sokufa ngokungafanele. Nazi amagama ambalwa yomlando wakhe omfushane. USocrates, naphezu ulwazi olufana olungaphelele ngaye, wabeletha esikoleni yokucabanga zefilosofi, okuyinto izincwadi Soviet ngokuthi "ukukhohliseka umgomo."

Umehluko omkhulu phakathi Athene "nasibawu" ka amaSophist ukuthi uzizwa kwakubalulekile hhayi kuphela isici subjective e cognition ( "umuntu esilinganisweni zonke izinto"), kodwa futhi inhloso. I last wayekholelwa Ingqondo. Nguye, "Nous" - kungukuqiniseka kwendlela uNkulunkulu asungula ngayo ubuchopho bomuntu, futhi ungumahluleli yazo zonke subjective. Ngenxa Ingqondo iqiniso kutholakale kithina. Kungenjalo, ngamunye bazosala umbono wakhe, futhi akukho inhloso lefanako akukwazi. Yisiboniso le isilinganiselo ukuba iqiniso kuyinto Daymonion (izwi elingaphakathi, unembeza). ifilosofi lokusungula unokuphila lalo. Biography USocrates ibonisa ukuthi kuyingozi kakhulu izincwadi eveza imibono yakhe. Philosophy, kusukela ngombono wakhe - lokhu kuyinto ubuciko lokuphila kahle. Ngakho-ke, into eyinhloko ukuzindla akufanele kube ontology (okwenzekile lapho), futhi izimiso zokuhle.

Nokho, biography of USocrates ukhuluma yokuthi umbuzo ulwazi, futhi, owawuqondene naye wemigomo lehamba embili eLuhlelweni. Kumelwe simfune essence, ukuthola ingqikithi isethi. Kodwa lokhu lokungeniswa kuphela ezinhle zokuziphatha, ngoba ngaleyo ndlela kuphela ngokwabo ungafunda nokuthuthukisa izimfanelo zabo - ukuzibamba, ubulungisa, isibindi ... indlela kuphela ukufeza umgomo elivamile lesintu - ngokuphelele ezinhle. wokuphila Abaningi USocrates wayekholelwa ukuthi 'wayeyisisebenzi abazibheka bokuziphatho ". Phela, isazi sefilosofi wayekholelwa ukuthi uma ukwazi ubuhle, it can futhi umkhuba. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kukhona indlela USocrates "zibona on" kunina - maieutics. Lena dialectic eyinqaba, okuyothi ungakwazi push interlocutor yokuthi ukuthi uyitholile impendulo enembile.

Phakathi abafundi abaningi uSocrates, Alcibiades wayeyisazi sezombangazwe. Rumour has it ukuthi wayemthanda sefilosofi ngezikhali zenyama, kodwa lona wamuva sinqatshiwe isiphakamiso sakhe. Wayekholelwa ukuthi ibuphi ubuhlobo ngokomzimba ukuvimbela izimfanelo ezifana isizotha. USocrates ukulondolozwa sezombangazwe kanye nomphathi wamasosha ngesikhathi belwa iSparta, ukuba aphathe isikhali kuphela ngesagila - elinye lamasosha wayengafuni ukubulala sefilosofi bengahlomile.

Kodwa ubungane Alcibiades kabi isiphetho wayecabangisisa. Isimo sezombusazwe e-Athens ishintshile, izinqubomgomo yawela lokungamukelwa, futhi USocrates wamangalelwa okungahambisani zokuhlonipha onkulunkulu futhi khohlakala kwentsha. Isazi sefilosofi igcinwe ngeqholo kakhulu ngesikhathi kuqulwa icala lakhe futhi yasho nokuthi ufanelwe akusona isijeziso, kodwa idumisa ephakeme. Nokho, wagwetshwa ukufa. Njengoba indoda yokuzikhethela, ayephuza okubulalayo (endleleni, hhayi ngumhlonyane, ngokusho legend, futhi, kusobala, le ukumnika of ngumhlonyane) ngabonga Asclepius (unkulunkulu wokwelapha) ukutakula. Ngakho sazi wazwakalisa isifiso sakhe ukuba bangene emhlabeni ongcono kunalowo ayephila kuso ngaphambili. Lokhu kwenzeka ngo-399 BC. Isazi sefilosofi uSocrates, ogama biography ukuthi kafushane ezichazwe kulesi sihloko, benza okuyisibonelo futhi uyafundisa nje ukuphila kwakhe, kodwa futhi nokufa.