Ukuhlaziywa kwezimpawu zomusho

Ulwazi lwezimiso zokubhala lufaka isandla kakhulu ekwenzeni ukupela isipelingi nokuqedwa kokungafundi. Izibalo - isayensi obaluleke kakhulu ekubunjweni okulungile kwamamaphuzu okubhala (leli gama lafika ngesiRashiya kusuka kwisiLatini futhi ngokwezwi nezwi lisho "iphuzu") - lihlobene eduze ne-syntax (umqondo uvela egameni lesiGreki elithi "uhlelo lwezempi") - isigaba segrama esibeka Umsebenzi wokutadisha uhlelo lokukhuluma, izingxenye kanye nezingxenye, izingxenye zalo. Esiyinkimbinkimbi kuwukuthi Lezi ziyalo zihlolisiswa futhi kuhlaziywa izimpawu zokubhala.

Ukulandela isazi se-AA Shakhmatov, ososayensi banamuhla bokuzivumelanisa baqaphela ukuthi liphakathi
Isigatshana seyunithi ye-Syntactic, okuyinto imodeli encane ekukhulumisaneni kwenkulumo. Inesimo sesakhiwo esingavumelwane esivumelanisiwe esivumelwaneni esichaza isimo sangempela noma inqubo yokucabanga nokucabanga. Kokubili isigwebo esilula futhi esinzima sihambisana nale ncazelo.

Into eyinhloko yokunakekelwa kwe-syntax yomusho yizingxenye zayo zesikhashana (lokhu kufaka imishwana, amafomu ezwi ezingeni lezixhumanisi zangaphakathi nezikhundla zokwenziwa kwezici, ezibonisweni ezisemthethweni ezifaka ukutholakala kwezinyunyana, izibhamu, iziphakamiso). Isimiso esiyinhloko sesistimu yezilimi akuyona ukuphoqa ngokungadingekile ukusetshenziswa kwamaphuzu okubhala (okuyinto ngesikhathi esifanayo kusiza ukuhlaziywa kwezimpawu zokubhala), kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo kuthatha isidingo sokugcina ukuguquguquka kwesistimu yokwenziwa kwemikhiqizo ukuze kuvezwe imiyalezo ye-semantic kanye nezici zombhalo ngokugcwele ngangokunokwenzeka. Ngakho-ke kungenakuphika ukuthi kukhona ukuhluka ekubunjweni kwamaphuzu okubhala. Futhi uma sicabangela ukuthi kungenzeka yini ukulungiswa komuntu ngamunye-ukugunyazwa, ukuhlaziywa kwezimpawu zokugcina izimpawu kuba nzima kakhulu.

Ukuze ufake ngokungavumelani uphawu lokubhala, kufanele ulandele imithetho ethile. Futhi ngenxa yalokhu, umuntu kufanele akwazi ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwezinkulumo ezizimele nezingokomthetho ezisemthethweni (ukwazi imininingwane yokusebenzisa ngamunye wabo nolwazi oluyisisekelo kubo), ukuthola indawo yokubikezela, ukuba nomqondo wamalungu asembili wesigwebo, ukuzwa ukujula okungahambi kahle, ukuqonda umehluko ekuvezeni imizwelo Umbhali futhi wabelane ngokufanele kule ncwadi. Lokhu kuhlanganisa umqondo we "ukuhlaziywa kwezimpawu zokubhala", futhi uchaza ukuhlanganisa okuphakathi nokuhlanganisa kwe-syntax, izimpawu zokubhala, i-morphology.

Izimpawu zokubhala izilimi ezingasetshenziswa ematheksthini: ichashazi (libonisa ukuphelela komcabango), ukubuza imibuzo (kuqukethe umbuzo), ukumemeza (indlela yokudlulisela Imizwa ekhethekile, imizwa), amachashazi (uma kwenzeka kungenwa phansi, ukungapheleli), umbala (kuhlanganiswe ngenhloso yokwahlukana, ukuhlukanisa, ukuhlukanisa amagama ajwayelekile, izakhiwo ezethula, inkulumo eqondile, izinkomba, ukwakheka okuhlukene, izingxenye zesigwebo esiyinkimbinkimbi), i-semicolon Ngokuyinhloko imisho eyinkimbinkimbi engaqondakali), ama-dashes (asetshenziswe emisho elula neyinkimbinkimbi, ezinkulumweni, enkulumweni eqondile), ikholoni (efana nedash), izingcaphuno (ezihambisana nenkulumo eqondile), abazali (ngokubika imininingwane eyengeziwe).

Okusho ukuthi, ukukhiqiza lokhu okungenhla, kungenzeka ukuletha i-algorithm lapho ukuhlaziywa kwezimpawu zokubhala komusho kwenziwa khona:

• Chaza ngenhloso yezwi, ngezimpawu zomhlaba.
• Hlola uhlobo lwesiphakamiso: elula noma eyinkimbinkimbi.
• Thola izakhiwo zokuqagela kanye nemigomo yesibili.
• Uma isikhathi esingenalutho - sichaza kusuka kulolu phuzu (izingxenye ezimbili / ingxenye eyodwa, ephelele / ezingaphelele, ezandakazeka / ezingenayo, eziyinkimbinkimbi noma cha).

Ukuze kube yinkimbinkimbi - ukubona uhlobo lokuxhumana (ukuhambisa / ukwakheka / ukungenqatshelwe / ngezinhlobo ezahlukene) kanye nezindlela zokudluliselwa kwayo (amagama, inhlangano, inyunyana noma ama-correlative).

• Chaza ukusizwa kwazo zonke izimpawu zokubhala (amaphuzu, amakhompiyutha, ama-dashes, ikholoni, njll), kokubili ekupheleni komusho, nangaphakathi izingxenye zayo.
• Dweba ishadi.

Ngale ndlela, ungakwazi ukuhlaziya noma yisiphi isiphakamiso.