USergei Ozhegov ungumlimi waseSoviet. Biography of Sergei Ozhegov

Sinelimi olucebile elinamandla kakhulu futhi oluguquguqukayo ukuze likwazi ukuveza yonke into. Ngobukhulu bayo, akusiphansi kunoma yiluphi ulimi lwezwe. Uthuthuka njalo, ngesikhathi esifanayo enezizathu ezicebile kanye namasiko olimi. Kuyigugu futhi ngokwanele, ngumlando wabantu, ubonisa isiko. Ulimi kufanele luvikelwe futhi lufundwe, lokhu kufanele kube yisidingo kubo bonke abantu baseRussia. Ubukhulu nokunethezeka kolimi kubonakala ezincwadini, ikakhulukazi lezo eziphathelene nezincwadi zakudala, noma ezichazamazwi nezincwadi zokubhekisela ezibonisa imigomo. Futhi-ke, kufanele sikwazi futhi sikhumbule labo ososayensi abakhulu ababeka isisekelo solimi lwethu lwendabuko.

Izilimi

Ukutadisha ulimi kusebenza ngezilimi. Lubheka umsebenzi oyinhloko wolimi njengendlela yokuxhumana, ukuthuthukiswa komlando kanye namaphethini. Izilimi zihlola inkolelo yelulwimi: iyini isimiso solimi, yiziphi izingxenye zezilimi, yiziphi izinhlobo zezinhlelo zohlelo lwegrama, njalonjalo.

Isayensi ibona amaqiniso okukhuluma, ibona izikhulumi zendabuko, izenzakalo zelwimi, impahla yelimi.

Izilimi zihlobene eduze nezinye izayensi: umlando, ukuvubukulwa kwemvelo, i-ethnography, i-psychology, ifilosofi. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ulimi luhamba nathi yonke indawo, kuzo zonke izindawo zokuphila.

Kunoma yisiphi isayensi, abantu abakhulu bakhiphe. Ukukhuluma ngezilimi, ungabiza amagama anjalo: uVictor Vinogradov, uBaudouin de Courtenay, uLev Shcherba nabanye abaningi. Futhi ake siqambe igama lesazi sethu saseRussia uSergei Ivanovich Ozhegov, okuzokwenziwa kulokhu kulesi sihloko.

Isazi esidumile sezilimi

USergei Ozhegov, owathweswa iziqu esiteshini sokuvotela esifundeni saseTver, ngaleso sikhathi eyisikhungo se-philogical of the Leningrad University, owabamba iqhaza eMpini Yomphakathi ngesikhathi sokulwa nezwe lase-Ukraine Froth, wadlulisa izifundo ze-postgraduate, efundiswa emayeyunivesithi amaningi aseMoscow, namuhla owaziwa kangcono ngokuthi umbhali wesichazamazwi, esisebenzisa Lolu suku. Ukuqoqwa kwamazwi aseRussia U-Ozhegova umphumela womsebenzi omkhulu wesosayensi. Lapha ungathola lonke isilulumagama esivamile samanje, sibonise amacala okuhambisana nezwi kanye nezinyathelo ezivamile kakhulu. Lo msebenzi wawuyisisekelo sokuqoqwa okuningi kwamazwi aseRussia.

Ozhegov mayelana nolimi

Wakhuluma okuningi ngokululaza isipelingi sesiRussia uSergei Ozhegov. Izingcaphuno zomlobi, ngaphezu kwalokho, zaziqukethe iziphakamiso zakhe zokuthuthukisa umagazini osetshenzisiwe wesichazamazwi, oshicilelwe ngo-1964. U-Ozhegov uthe udinga ukuletha ukuqoqwa kwamazwi amasha avele kamuva kuRashiya. Kubuye kudingekile ukuthi ubuyekeze ama-unitological units, uphinde ucabangisise ngamagama amasha amasha. Futhi-ke, kufanele sibheke izinqubo zokusetshenziswa nokubiza ulimi lwesiRashiya.

Isitatimende esisodwa sikaS. Ulimi lwase-Ozhegov luchaza ngokunemba kokusetshenziswa kwegama. Usosayensi wakhuluma ngesikhulumi esiphakeme sokukhuluma, esinekhono lokuthola igama elihlakaniphile, elifanele lokuveza imicabango yomuntu.

Isichazamazwi salesi siNgisi saseRussia siye saba incwadi ethandwayo yereferensi. Kulesi senzakalo, u-Sergey Ozhegov ngokwakhe ugibele. Iziphakamiso ziphawula isidingo salokhu kuqoqwa: inani lezincwadi ezishicilelwe zesichazamazwi alingaphansi kwenani lemisebenzi eshicilelwe yama-classic we-Marxism-Leninism.

Ukuphila nokusebenza

Igama lolimi oludumile lunezimpande zaseSiberia. Isekelwe egameni elithi "elishisiwe", babiza induku ukuze bahlole ukulungela kwensimbi encibilikisiwe yokukhipha.

U-Ozhegov uSergey Ivanovich, ekhuluma nge-biography yakhe, uhlale ekhuluma iqiniso lokuthi igama labo livela kuma-serido Demidov. Emndenini kayise, owakhonza iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-50 e-Yekaterinburg smelter, kwakunezingane eziyishumi nane, futhi bonke babe nemfundo ephakeme.

USergei Ozhegov wazalelwa emndenini wezinjini zezimayini kanye nombelethisi esibhedlela esibhedlela ngasekupheleni kuka-September 1900. Izwe lakhe elincanyana yindawo yaseKamennoe esifundazweni saseTver esedlule.

Ukulangazelela ulwazi, okufakwe ngamagama abo, kuboniswe ukuthi, lapho engene esikhungweni semfundo ephakeme, u-Ozhegov Sergey Ivanovich kwadingeka ayeke izifundo zakhe ahambe phambili. Kodwa, ngemva kokubuya phambili, ngawo-1920 waphothula eNyuvesi yaseLeningrad. Othisha bakhe babeyaziwa ngaleso sikhathi izilimi zezilwane V.V. I-Vinogradov ne-L.V. Shcherba. USergei Ozhegov wangena ngokushesha embuthano wabososayensi bakaLeningrad, wabe esehlangana nozakwabo baseMoscow futhi wazuza udumo lapho.

Kusukela ngo-1952, S.I. U-Ozhegov wayeyinhloko yomnyango wezethulo e-Academy of Sciences yase-USSR. Umsebenzi wezesayensi ubonakala "kwisichazamazwi esichazayo solimi lwesiRussia", umhleli wakhe oyinhloko ngu-D.N. Ushakov. Iqembu labathuthukisi lalihlanganisa i-Ozhegov. Futhi, ukubaluleka kwe-Ozhegov ukubhalwa kweDictionary yolimi lwesiRussia.

Ubuhlobo nabalimi abadumile

Ngaleso sikhathi eLeningrad kwakukhona izilimi ezaziwa kabanzi V.V. Vinogradov no-D.I. Ushakov. Bahlanganiswa ngu-Ozhegov Sergey Ivanovich, isazi sezilimi, esakhiwe ngempumelelo umsebenzi wakhe lapha, ngoba uyilungu leqembu elisebenza ku-edition ye-D.I. Ushakov.
Amaphesenti angaba ngu-30 okufakwayo kuleli qoqo angabakwa-SI. Ozhegov. Futhi ngalesi sikhathi kukhona iqoqo elisebenzayo lezinto zokwakha "I-Dictionary yemidlalo ye-AN Ostrovsky."

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ulimi olusha luyingane nomsosayensi odumile u-A. Reformatsky, ozobe engumbhali wezincwadi ezifundiswa ngezilimi.

Umsebenzi oyinhloko we-Ozhegov

Ukusebenza kwento ekuqoqeni i-D.I. Ushakova, uSergey Ozhegov wayejabule ngombono wokudala isichazamazwi ukusetshenziswa jikelele. Kulo msebenzi weqoqo waqala ngaphambi kwempi nama-fascists. U-Ozhegov ukholelwa emandleni e-Red Army, okungeke avumele amaJalimane eMoscow, ngakho ahlala edolobheni. Wanikeza sonke leso sikhathi esinzima impi enzalweni yakhe. Abalobi ababambisene emsebenzini kwisichazamazwi kwakuyizilimi zaseMoscow uG. Vinokur noVetro Petrosyan. Kodwa kancane kancane basuka emsebenzini, no-S.I. I-Ozhegov yenza yonke imisebenzi.

Ekugcineni, uSergei Ozhegov waqhubeka nomsebenzi wakhe. Isichazamazwi solimi lwesiRashiya sasigcwaliswa njalo, ukwakhiwa kwalo kwakwenziwa ngcono. Umbhali uthathe ulimi njengento ephilayo eguqukayo njalo. Wayejabulela ukubuka izinguquko ezenzeka ngolimi.

Kunamaphi amaqiniso awaziwayo azosiza ulwazi lwe-SI. Ozhegov nesichazamazwi sakhe:

• Abaningi bakhulume ngokungalungile isibongo sesilimi, becindezela isilawuli sesibili;
• Ukuqalekiswa kokuqala akuzange kuphuthelwe igama elithi "inkosikazi", ebona incazelo ephikisayo;
• Akuhambisani nokucwaninga kanye nesilulumagama sesonto, amagama anjengokuthi "uhamba", "iconostasis";
• Igama elithi "Leningrad" phakathi nokuphindaphinda kwesichazamazwi senziwa ngokucacile, ukuze amagama athi "sloth" no "Leninist" atholakale ecaleni;
• Ukuchazwa kwegama elithi "ukudlwengula" kulesi sichazamazwi u-Ozhegova kwasiza umuntu oyedwa ukuba aphume ejele, ngoba izenzo zakhe azange ziwe ngaphansi kokudlwengulwa;
• Kunezinguqulo eziyisithupha zesichazamazwi se-Ozhegov, eshicilelwe ngesikhathi sokuphila kwakhe;
• Muva nje, umfundi we S.I. Ozhegova N.Yu. Shvedova; Izindlalifa zezinlimi ezidumile azifani neminye yemigomo yomsebenzi wayo.

Umndeni wakwa-Ozhegov

Abaningi abanokuhlangenwe nakho empilweni yakhe uSergei Ozhegov, umndeni wakhe wabhekana nezenzakalo eziningi eziyinkimbinkimbi, eziyinkimbinkimbi, okuyizici ze-Russian intelligentsia.

Ubaba wakhe, onjiniyela ephasini lephepha laseVivinova, wathola indawo yokuhlala yegumbi ezine lapho u-intelligentsia wendawo ayevame ukuhlangana khona. Le ndawo yayithuthukile: i-factory yayingenise imishini emisha, isikole sakhiwe, i-People's House, isibhedlela. Ekugcineni, unina ka-Ozhegova wasebenza njengombelethisi. Ngaphezu kukaSergei, owokuqala, kwakukhona amadodana amabili emndenini wabo. Isilinganiso saba umakhi wezakhiwo, omncane - umzila wesitimela.

Ngo-1909 ama-Ozhegovs athuthela ePetersburg. Lapha uSergei waya egumbini lokuzivocavoca, wabhalisa eqenjini le-chess kanye nomphakathi wezemidlalo. Ngemva kokuphumelela ngempumelelo esikoleni esiphakeme, wangena esikhungweni semfundo ephakeme, kodwa impi yavimbela imfundo.

Noma kunjalo, ngemva kwempi, wayeseqedile eyunivesithi. Ngaphambi kokuthola idiploma, u-Sergei Ozhegov washada nomfundi ovela e-philology. Ubaba wakhe wayengumpristi, umculi omkhulu ofundiswa yiyo, owenza umculo wesilasi kanye nomculo.

U-Ozhegov wayengumuntu onomuntu othakazelisayo kakhulu. Endlini yakhe kwakukhona izinkampani ezinobungane njalo, isimo esinobungane saba khona.

UWife Ozhegova wayengumsikazi omkhulu, bahlala ndawonye iminyaka engaba ngu-40, bavusa indodana.

Phakathi nempi, umndeni waseMoscow wase-Ozhegova wathuthela eTashkent, kodwa izihlobo zikaLeningrad zososayensi cishe zazingeke zime ukuvimbela. Kwakukhona umshana. Intombazane eneminyaka emihlanu yanikezwa izintandane, kamuva i-S.I. U-Ozhegov uyitholile futhi uyayamukela.

Umthamo we-Ozhegov

U-Ozhegov uSergey Ivanovich wenza okuningi ngezilimi zasekhaya, umnikelo wakhe olimini lwesiRashiya ukhulu kakhulu. Ungumbhali futhi uqoqa izichazamazwi eziningi nezincwadi zokubhekisela. S.I. I-Ozhegov yaziwa njengelungu leMoscow City Council Commission, iphini likaSihlalo we-Academy of Sciences Commission, isazi sezesayensi, nothisha esikunivesithi.

Umsebenzi wezesayensi we-Ozhegov

Umsebenzi oyinhloko wesayensi we-S.I. U-Ozhegova ubonisa izinkinga ze-lexicology yaseRussia kanye nexicography. Wasebenza kanzima emlandweni wolimi lwesiRashiya, wafunda i-sociolinguistics, isiko senkulumo yaseRashiya. Futhi kwaba nomnikelo omkhulu okwenziwa nguSergey Ozhegov, isazi sezilimi ekufundeni ulimi lwababhali ngabanye (IA Krylov, AN Ostrovsky, nabanye). Wasebenzisa okuningi esimweni esijwayelekile sokusetshenziswa kolimi lwesiRussia: wayengumhleli wezichazamazwi ezihlukahlukene-izinkomba kanye namaqoqo olimi.