Abahloli bamazwe - kuyinto ... wabahloli Russian kwekhulu le-17

Abahloli bamazwe - kukhona abacwaningi eSiberia neMpumalanga Ekude ekhulwini XVII. Ngokusebenzisa imisebenzi yabo baye wenza uhambo lomkhumbi eziningi ezinkulu ukutholakala. Awase kwama-class ehlukene. Phakathi kwabo kwakukhona lo Cossacks, abathengisi, abazingeli, wahlanganyela ukuhweba noboya, futhi amatilosi.

okusho

Ngokwe izichazamazwi encyclopedic, wabahloli - kukhona abahlanganyeli kuyiwe Ekude naseSiberia e XVI-XVII eminyaka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, babiza labo bayizingcweti izindawo kulezi zifunda abangaphansi eyaziwa.

Ukuqala ukuthuthukiswa yeSiberia, eMpumalanga Ekude

Pomorie, owayehlala ogwini White Sea, sekuyisikhathi eside wahambahamba izikebhe ezincane eziqhingini-Arctic Ocean. Kwaphela isikhathi eside base lezihambi kuphela enyakatho yeRussia. Ekhulwini XVI, ukuthuthukiswa ehlelekile kwamazwe enkulukazi eSiberia owaqala ngokuvukela Ukunqotshwa kwe-Tartar amabutho Khan Kuchum Ermak Timofeevich.

Ngemva kwemizi yokuqala eSiberia babekwa - Tobolsk futhi Tyumen, inqubo yentuthuko izikhala entsha hamba nge force esasizosheshisa. expanses Rich laseSiberia izwe naseMpumalanga Ekude bakhangwa hhayi kuphela ukukhonza abantu, kodwa futhi abathengisi. wabahloli Russian ngenkuthalo ukuhlola indawo entsha futhi eyayilokhu emazweni yayingaziwa nhlobo.

Ekuqaleni, ukuthuthukiswa yeSiberia, eMpumalanga Ekude lancipha ukwakhiwa izinqaba, futhi kuphela ekuqaleni XVII ekhulwini uhulumeni waseRussia waqala yawoyise abalimi kulamave njengoba amakhanda, simi phezu kwemifula emikhulu yeSiberia, eMpumalanga Ekude, e zidinge ukudla.

Ukuvulwa abadumile

wabahloli Russian wathola imifula ezifana uLena, lase-Amur kanye Yenisei, wafika ogwini loLwandle Okhotsk. Badabula lonke eSiberia neMpumalanga Ekude, futhi ngavula yonke iNhlonhlo Taimyr, Yamal, Chukotka futhi eKamchatka. wabahloli Russian kwekhulu le-17 Dezhnev futhi Popov lidlule lokuqala ngokusebenzisa iBering Strait, Moskvitin wavula oLwandle Okhotsk, futhi Poyarkov Khabarov uhlole lase-Amur esifundeni.

ukunyakaza indlela

Abahloli bamazwe - akusiwona nje abacwaningi owayehamba ngezinyawo. Phakathi kwabo kwakuno-amatilosi, owayefundelwa imifula kanye yasogwini lolwandle. Ukuthola ukuzulazula phezu imifula nolwandle esetshenziswa isitsha esincane. Kwakumelwe Kochi, isikebhe, isihlenga futhi Struga. Lesi sakamuva elasetshenziselwa kude. Iziphepho ngokuvamile kwacekela phansi emkhunjini, njengoba kwenzeka uhambo Dezhnev ku-Arctic Ocean.

SI Dezhnev

Isihloli abadumile isiRashiya, eminyakeni engu-80 ngaphambi Bering lidlule ngokuphelele ngokusebenzisa strait ehlukanisa eNyakatho Melika nase-Asia.

Kwaba kuqala ukukhonza Cossack e Tobolsk futhi Yeniseisk. Wayelethwa lokuqoqa intela (intela) zakwa zendawo, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo bafuna ukuhlola futhi uhlole indawo entsha. Ngenxa yale njongo, butho elikhulu ku kochah Cossack (imikhumbi encane) eziningana it off okomlomo Kolyma empumalanga ne-Arctic Ocean. Expedition walinda sizi. Umkhumbi sabanjwa isiphepho futhi imikhumbi yacwila. Dezhnev baqhubeka mashi yakhe ngomkhumbi ukuze Asia lelivakalako, Cape, kamuva wathola igama lakhe. Khona-ke indlela bomkhankaso badabula iBering Strait. Ihamba Dezhneva ayikwazanga hit ebhishi ngenxa ukuhlaselwa bendawo. It wageza up esiqhingini eyihlane, lapho abahloli bamazwe baseRussia yeSiberia baphoqeleka ukuba nichithe ubusuku imigodi wemba iqhwa. Ukufinyelela kanzima ukuze Anadyr River, ababenethemba lokuthola kuyo ukuphuma kubantu. Ekupheleni bomkhankaso zabantu 12 inyumbazana squad enkulu. Badabula lonke yeSiberia ogwini Pacific, futhi lokhu feat uSemyon Ivanovich Dezhnev futhi ozakwabo zakhe baziswa kakhulu emhlabeni.

I. Yu. Moskvitin

Wavula oLwandle Okhotsk futhi Sakhalin Bay. Ekuqaleni le nsizakalo efakwe ohlwini abavamile unyawo Cossack. Ngemva uhambo yimpumelelo oLwandle Okhotsk wathola isikhundla isikhulu. On lempilo wamazwe odumile Russian neminyaka yokugcina alwaziwa.

E. P. Habarov

Waqhubeka umsebenzi Poyarkova iSifundo we Amur esifundeni. Khabarov khona usomabhizinisi wahlanganyela ukuthenga uboya, eyakhelwe usawoti imisebenzi kanye esigayweni. Ngesikhathi lamabutho Cossack badlula imikhumbi futhi wenza wonke Amur Priamurskii onqenqemeni ikhadi lokuqala. Endleleni wayinqoba izizwe eziningi zendawo. Ephoqelekile ukuba ngibuyele emuva ngingahambi Khabarova eqoqwe ngokumelene abahambi Russian isiManchu ibutho.

I. I. Kamchaty

Yena udumo kokutholakala eKamchatka. Enhlonhlweni manje igama owathola. EKamchatka iye ngasebenza kwabosizo lokuqala Cossacks futhi wathumela ukuba ayokhonza River Kolyma. Washeshe wahileleka ukuhweba noboya kanye search for lendlovu. Waqale wavula emfuleni eKamchatka, afunde okuthile ngako kusukela bendawo. Kamuva, njengengxenye ihlukane encane iphansi kwesandla sika-Chukicheva, eKamchatka waya beyofuna emfuleni. Eminyakeni emibili kamuva kwavela izindaba ngokufa emfuleni eKamchatka uhambo.

isiphetho

Abahloli bamazwe - a bamazwe ezinkulu Russian yeSiberia, izwe eMpumalanga Ekude, ngokungenabugovu kokuya uhambo olude ngenhloso enqoba edlulela emasimini amasha. amagama abo kuze kube phakade abasenkumbulweni zabantu amagama headlands futhi peninsulas ngiwavule.