Izinhlobo futhi isibonelo semvelo. ISIBONELO ekushintsheni isimo semvelo

Asemaqeleni, lezihlahla ihlathi, ixhaphozi, aquarium, ulwandle, ensimini - iyiphi into kusuka kulolu hlu ingabonwa njengesibonelo semvelo. Kulesi sihloko, sizofunda zembula okushiwo lo mqondo futhi ucabangele izingxenye zalo.

imiphakathi emvelweni

Lemvelo - isayensi study zonke izici ubuhlobo eziphilayo endalweni. Ngakho-ke, isihloko isifundo sakhe akusona ngabanye yangasese kanye nemibandela ukhona. Lemvelo kuthiwa uvukile uhlamvu, umphumela ekusebenzelaneni kwabo futhi ukukhiqiza. Ngakho, isiqalo nesigcino sabantu inquma izici ukusebenza biocenosis, okuhlanganisa eziningana zezinto eziphilayo.

Kodwa ngo sabantu zasendle uxhumana bodwa nje kuphela kodwa futhi nge ezihlukahlukene zezemvelo. umphakathi okunjalo emvelweni esibizwa semvelo. Ukuze akhombise lo mqondo futhi usebenzise biogeocoenosis eside. Futhi aquarium ezincanyana kanye ehlathini olungenamkhawulo - lena isibonelo semvelo.

Ecosystem: incazelo

Njengoba ubona, semvelo yigama kuhle ezibanzi. Ngokombono yesayensi, lo mphakathi iqoqo izakhi bemvelo imvelo abiotic. Cabanga ngalesi sibonelo semvelo njengoba asemaqeleni. Lena indawo evulekile aluhlaza nezitshalo nezilwane eziye bazivumelanisa nezimo yamakhaza ebusika iqhwa elishisayo ezomile. Ngokuhamba lithathelwe ukuphila ogwadule ziye zasungula eziningi ezisebenza ngokubambisana ezinemiphumela emihle.

Ngakho, namagundane eziningi ukwenza izindima komhlaba lapho ukugcina okusanhlamvu izinqolobane. Ezinye izitshalo asemaqeleni kuyinto ukuguqulwa enjalo indiza, njengoba isibani. Kuyinto isici Tulips, crocuses, snowdrops. Kungakapheli namasonto amabili, kuze kube umswakama ngokwanele entwasahlobo, isikhathi sabo sikhule amahlumela ottsvesti. Kwabe sekuqala inkathi okungekuhle bebhekana ngaphanzi komhlaba, ukusuthisa ngenxa izakhi ngaphambilini yafakwa namanzi ama esinamanzi.

izitshalo cereal unenye komhlaba indlela yokuphunyuka ukuguqulwa - evundlile. internodes wayo side futhi Stocking impahla. Izibonelo wokudla asemaqeleni umlilo bluegrass, inhloli, fescue, bentgrass. Esinye isici iyona amahlamvu ewumngcingo esikuvimbela ukuhwamuka ngokweqile.

ngezigaba kweMvelo

Njengoba yaziwa, umngcele ecosystem esabekwa phytocenoses - isitshalo emiphakathini. Lesi sici isetshenziselwa kanye ngezigaba yale miphakathi. Ngakho, ehlathini - isimo semvelo zemvelo, izibonelo zazo zahlukahlukene kakhulu: oki, e-aspen, ashisayo, birch, * nomthidari, Linden, hornbeam.

At inhliziyo nezinye ngeengaba kuyizici zonal noma sezulu. Isibonelo salokhu ecosystem - umphakathi eshalofini noma ogwini, ehlane enamadwala noma sandy, kwimfunda noma izimfunda subalpine. Isiqalo nesigcino lezi zinhlobo ezahlukene nemiphakathi bakha imvilophi global iplanethi yethu - the uHlu Jikelele Lwamakheli.

zemvelo: izibonelo

Kukhona umehluko futhi biogeocoenoses zemvelo kanye yokufakelwa. Umphakathi Uhlobo lokuqala isebenze ngaphandle kokuqondiswa umuntu. Yemvelo-ecosystem bukhoma, izibonelo okuyizinto ngokwanele eziningi, akheke eyindilinga. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ukukhiqizwa isitshalo esiyinhloko liyabuya futhi umjikelezo we izinto namandla. Lokhu kwenzeka naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi kwabathile ngizodabula ezihlukahlukene supply chain.

agrobiocenoses

Ukusebenzisa imithombo yemvelo, umuntu oye wadala isimiso semvelo eminingi yokufakelwa. Izibonelo imiphakathi enjalo - ke agrobiocenoses. Lezi zihlanganisa emasimini, nezingadi, amasimu ezithelo, emadlelweni, zokugcina, ihlathi zezitsha. Agrocnosises wadala imikhiqizo yezolimo. Ngaphakathi them nanso are izakhi efanayo eziwukudla, nokuthi semvelo zemvelo.

Abakhiqizi e agrocenoses kukhona kokubili kwamasiko kanye nokhula. Namagundane, izilwane ezidla ezinye, izinambuzane, izinyoni - kuyinto consuments noma abathengi of udaba eziphilayo. A amagciwane athile kanye nesikhunta ukumela decomposers iqembu. Isici ehlukile iyona saziso iqhaza agrobiocenoses umuntu isixhumanisi adingekayo eziwukudla futhi kudala izimo i yokufakelwa ecosystem umkhiqizo.

Ukuqhathanisa zemvelo kanye yokufakelwa

isimiso semvelo Artificial, izibonelo zazo esixoxe kakade, ube nenamba yokuntula kuqhathaniswa ne yemvelo. Lesi sakamuva kuhluke ukuzinza nekhono lokukwazi ukujabulela ukuzithiba. Kodwa agrobiocenoses ngaphandle kokuqondiswa umuntu isikhathi eside ngeke nhlobo. Ngokwesibonelo, ensimini noma ingadi nge izitshalo yemifino kakolweni wedwa angavezi esingaphezu konyaka, izitshalo zisetshenziswa - mayelana ezintathu. Irekhodi kulokhu kuyinto engadini, izitshalo izithelo lapho labo abazokwazi ukuthuthukisa bebodwa kuze kube iminyaka engu-20.

zemvelo kuphela amandla elanga. Le ndoda kwamenza agrobiocenoses imithombo eyengeziwe ngesimo tillage, umanyolo, aeration, ukhula kanye control inkathazo. Nokho, siyazi Ezimweni eziningi lapho imisebenzi womuntu futhi kuholele imiphumela emibi: usawoti enhlabathini bese waterlogging, izindawo eziphenduka ugwadule, futhi ukungcoliswa amagobolondo zemvelo.

isimiso semvelo ezisemadolobheni

Ngesikhathi sigaba samanje yentuthuko zabantu kakade baye benza izinguquko eziningi e ukwakheka kanye nesakhiwo se-Jikelele Lwamakheli. Ngakho-ke, ukwaba igobolondo ehlukile, kwemuntfu lowadalwa izenzo zabantu. Libizwa noosphere. Eminyakeni yamuva, ukuthuthukiswa olunzulu ifinyelela into ezifana ukufuduka kwabantu beya emadolobheni - okwandisa indima imizi umuntfu lakhetsa kuphila ngato. Ziyakwazi kakade abantu abangaphezu kwengxenye kule ndawo kule planethi yethu.

ecosystem ezisemadolobheni has idiosyncrasies lalo. Esephula ratio izingxenye ka webs ukudla, ngoba isiqondiso zonke izinqubo ezihlobene ne-ekuguquleni izinto namandla, wenziwa kuphela abantu. Ukudala bona zonke izinzuzo kungenzeka, idala mass kwezimo ezingezinhle. umoya ongcolile, ezokuthutha kanye nezindlu izinkinga, amazinga aphezulu yokugula, umsindo njalo nomthelela ongemuhle impilo izakhamizi ezisemadolobheni.

Uyini ngokulandelana

Isikhathi esining impela endaweni efanayo kukhona ukulandelana imiphakathi zemvelo. Lesi senzakalo ngokuthi ngokulandelana. Isibonelo zakudala kwendawo yemvelo ushintsho - Akukhona ukubukeka amahlathi oluqinile esikhundleni zikaphayini. Ngenxa umlilo imbewu egcinwe endaweni matasa kuwo. Kodwa ukuhluma yabo kuthatha isikhathi eside. Ngakho okokuqala enkundleni komlilo livela izimila herbaceous. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lokhu indawo otshanini, futhi, esikhundleni salokho, - izihlahla lezihlahla. Abizwa ngokulandelana yesibili. Bona kwenzeke ngaphansi kwethonya izici zemvelo imisebenzi yabantu. Emvelweni, zingabantu lalivamile.

ngokulandelana lokuqala eliphathelene inqubo inhlabathi kumiswa. Kuyinto ejwayelekile ezindaweni elingenalo ukuphila. Ngokwesibonelo, amadwala, isihlabathi, amatshe, Sandy loam. Kulokhu, okokuqala zikhona izimo for kumiswa inhlabathi, futhi kuphela ke woza nezinye izakhi biogeocoenose.

Ngakho, semvelo ibizwa ngokuthi umphakathi yakhiwa izakhi biotic futhi izici bemvelo ezingaphili. Basuke elibumbene kunyatheliswa izinto namandla.