Barsakelmes Isiqhingi e Aral Sea

Barsakelmes - eyayiyinhloko isiqhingi esingesesibili ngobukhulu, futhi manje - ipheshana enyakatho ne-Aral Sea yomile, ku Kyzylorda esifundeni Kazakhstan. Qamba Barca Kelmes ( "yiya - kungayi lubuyayo"), ngokusho legend, ehlangene ukufa kabuhlungu zemindeni abaningana ababehlangene ababebalekele esiqhingini phakathi nempi yombango. Kudlulwa strait ebusika phezu eqhweni, abantu anqamuka neziphepho coast wabhubhisa ibhuloho ice. Bakwazi usinde ebusika yizilwane ozingela izinyoni, esakaza okushisekela saxaul futhi encibilika iqhwa, kodwa ehlobo the amachibi meltwater ubunile, bonke ababaleki kuwo owabulawa ukoma.

Izici yalesi siqhingi

Ucwaningo ngalo yaqala ngala Barsakelmes Butakova uhambo e-1848. Lesi siqhingi ngokwaso futhi ne-Aral Sea kumephu ingabukwa ngezansi. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, ososayensi baye baqaphela ukuthi le ngxenye yezwe ekushintsheni usayizi yayo. Lokhu kungenxa nasemanzini anamandla shoaling. Ngokwesibonelo, ngawo-1960, kulesi siqhingi kwakuhlala 23 km ubude, ngawo-1980 - 30 km, ukufinyelela indawo sq 300. km. Ngo-1990, njengoba kwesigubhu omiswe Barsakelmes yaphenduka enhlonhlweni, futhi ngo-2009 kolwandle emhlabeni bomile, waba umngcele yemvelo-mpumalanga yezwe.

Isimo sezulu

Isiqhingi Barsakelmes Aral Sea ngokucijile yezwekazi sezulu esifundeni. Lokhu kubonakala esikhulu zonyaka kanye diurnal lokushisa ukuhluka. Le piece of izwe lingelakho North-zezulu esifundeni Turan ehlane zone. Isilinganiso Julayi lokushisa - + 25 ° ... + 26 ° C, esiphezulu - + 42 ° ... + 44 ° C. Ngo-February ngokuvamile ivela -10 ° C kuya -13 ° C. Izinga aphansi okushisa zase zihleliwe ngezithuba -36 ° C.

Isikhathi eside isikhathi emakhazeni (eyishumi yokuqala Disemba ukuze eyishumi yokuqala Mashi), kodwa libhekene thaws njalo ngeqanda lokushisa. Isikhathi okushisa anonya okweqa 0 °, ihlala izinsuku 227-237 kusukela ngoMashi 20/25 ukuze 8/13 Novemba. I ungqoqwane sezulu usethe isikhathi esiyizinsuku ezingu 173-178 of.

Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ihlobo nomswakama uphansi, liguqubele% 10 kuphela (ebusika - 50%). Spring sifushane, futhi iqhwa liyancibilika ngokushesha. Lina iphansi - 126-128 mm ngonyaka, iningi labo ke falling in the zonyaka abandayo. Izinyanga liyana kakhulu - April no-Okthoba. Steady ikhava Iqhwa 10-15 ukuze 40 cm labetibambile izinsuku 80-90. inhlabathi okokuqandisa ukujula 45 cm. Ngo frost ebusika imimoya njalo eqinile. Sea omiswe sezulu wenza libukhali, izinga lokushisa ehlobo rose 2-2,5 ° C, ebusika baphonse 1-2 ° C.

Ukwakheka inhlabathi

Isiqhingi Barsakelmes kuze 1965 kwadingeka eziningi amanzi maphakathi nezwe. Lawa kwakungamadodana echibini ikakhulukazi echwebeni, esemgwaqweni ezinsikeni zawo entshonalanga. Lezi amadamu abe endaweni ingqikithi 490 amahektha, ukujula yabo 1.5-2 amamitha. Inhlabathi evamile esifundeni Aral Sea - grey ansundu, kuhlanganise nosawoti ezivamile futhi takyr-okunosawoti. Sea omiswe kuholele ephakeme usawoti ebusweni ngenxa yokufuduka uLwandle Lukasawoti imimoya.

impumuzo

Isiqhingi e Aral Sea ngicele impumuzo ihlukaniswe yaba izingxenye ezimbili. Eyokuqala - i ithafa eziphakeme yaseningizimu ukuphakama esiphezulu 108 metres, kwesibili - Emathafeni enyakatho. Esikhathini enyakatho-ntshonalanga, enyakatho nasempumalanga izindunduma zesihlabathi zitholakala osebeni lweChibi ababekade. Ngo ububanzi befinyelela amakhilomitha amabili entshonalanga 200-440 m empumalanga.

labantu

Kuze kube ngasekuqaleni kwekhulu XX, kulesi siqhingi kwakuhlala Barsakelmes lingenamuntu, labantu unomphela ke bebungekho. Chaza ukuthi kwakulula ngokwanele. Okokuqala, lokhu kungenxa indawo nesimo sezulu izici. Eminyakeni 1929-1939 ku Barsakelmes isinyathelo abazingela ngokuqinile "Soyuzpushnina" kwakukhona izindlu e Manor emaphakathi kanye dugouts, zokukhosela esingashintshi kuze kufinyelelwe esikhathini phansi ukudoba izingwejeje. amadamu yesikhashana ukuqoqa amanzi imvula neqhwa ezakhiwa izidingo zabantu futhi isiqhingi imfuyo amazwe kanye nezinyamazane.

inqolobane Barsakelmes

Ngo-1939, engcwele esiqhingini yasungulwa, omunye ogama imisebenzi kuyinto kabusha zezinyoni ezingavamile futhi ezisengcupheni. Emuva ngo-1929, wakhipha Barsakelmes saiga, ngo-1953 - kulan, okuyinto Kwakuhlelwe ukuba domesticate futhi ukuwela ngamahhashi ukukhiqiza neminyuzi. Ngu maphakathi nekhulu le-senziwa acclimatization nensephe, hare Gopher-sandstone, inyoni ye-pheasant futhi intendele. Kula nezinyamazane babe izinto oyinhloko abe isivikelo, kodwa ngemva 2009 umhlambi babeshiye inhlonhlo kanye ehlakazekile yonkana asemaqeleni. Saiga ekupheleni 1980, wawuyizinkulungwane abantu 30, nokuba bonke abanye noma ukudubula yi ukuzingela engalawuliwe, noma abe yizisulu nezimpisi, azinza esiqhingini ngalezo zinsuku. Kucatshangwa ukuthi ingxenye umhlambi ngokusebenzisa iqhwa ebusika adluliselwe ezwekazini.

izwe yemifino

Barsakelmes esiqhingini zihlukaniswa nabameleli izitshalo. Angiosperms kukhona 257 zinhlobo okuqondene 172 izizukulwane imindeni 46. Egajwe goosefoot, zazo zikhona 41 zinhlobo, kuhlanganise zivamile eyomile indawo emnyama saxaul, Anabasis salsa kanye boyalysh. halophytes herbaceous okusakazekile, kanye nezinhlobonhlobo quinoa futhi Climacoptera. Umndeni imelelwa wokudla eziningi futhi ethambile ehlane wheatgrass futhi feather. grey umhlonyane owandile phakathi Asteraceae. Cruciferous - 26 zinhlobo, iningi deskurenii Sofia futhi Goldbach. Izitshalo kukhona lingandile kangako, kodwa ezindaweni ezincane ngezinye izikhathi obuswa isihlabathi ngomuthi, Grandiflora caragana futhi ikamela ameva. Lezi imikhaya emihlanu ungumnikazi 57% ye izitshalo zendawo.

Ngokuvamile, izwe isitshalo kungokwalabo Turan sifundazwe floristic. Kazakhstan zilwane sendawo: feather Turgay, melkokolyuchkovy Kandy quinoa oluhlabayo, petrosimoniya esintamo-onezinwele ezimhloshana, nezinhlobo eziningana umhlonyane: switchgrass, pyatidolchataya, esihle-wazizwa. amahlozi eziningi komthamariske. Omunye imihlobiso kukhona Barsakelmes ehlane saxaul o-Ashera, nge ukuphakama 2.5-3 amamitha ume.

emhlabeni isilwane

ezilwaneni ezinomgogodla ezinamehlo Terrestrial 20 zilwane, phakathi kwabo kuphela amphibian, oluhlaza iselesele ephilayo eduze kwamachibi yesikhashana. Phakathi ezihuquzelayo ezivamile takyr agama. Izimo zethu zihluke kakhulu ezivamile cottonmouth uPallas, umcibisholo-inyoka, zesigcilikisha Squeaky, abahlala Anabasis salsa-seropolynnoy ehlane. Isibankwa dune wathola ngokushesha. izinyoni ezingavamile kukhona coluber futhi asemaqeleni ufudu.

Isiqhingi Barsakelmes ezihlukahlukene ocebile abameleli izinyoni. I avifauna siqukethe mayelana 211 zezinyoni, kokubili lokushutheka futhi ezifudukayo. Ogwini lolwandle kanye izidleke dada thulisa, nevuba abacaphuni, Mallard, garganey, grey duck, shoveler, Stilt, esibonelweni iCaspian. umonakalo Omkhulu ukuba izisekelo phansi ogwini futhi iziqhingi isihlabathi, impungushe isicelo. Emaweni shelduck owakhiwe, abamnyama swift pleshanka, idwala undlunkulu, jackdaw, European bee-idla, futhi eminyakeni ethile isidleke Izinyoni ezidla inyama - saker uheshe futhi kestrel.

Ezincelisayo Zasolwandle ngo-1990 bangu-12 izinhlobo: amancane yemifino amafutha-tailed jerboa jerboa (abomdabu), Shrew bicolored, Gopher-sandstone (zinhlobo yokuthengisa), grey hamster, impungushe, impisi kanye nabanye wahlangana ngaphambili Korsak waba ngo-1960 libhujiswa izimpungushe ..

Kufinyeta

umlando siqhingi kuyinto ngempela ezithakazelisayo. Mayelana naye kukhona edume. Lokhu indawo eyingqayizivele futhi engaqondakali. Abantu abaningi baye babonisa ukuthi abantu ngesikhathi angaliboni (ihora esiqhingini akhiwa izinsuku ezwekazini). Kube wanyamalala imikhumbi emikhulu ukuthi ukubhukuda ku-Aral Sea. Kumephu, letakhiwe okwamanje, lesi siqhingi ayiboniswa, kusukela ngo-2009, ke akabange esaba khona ngenxa Ukoma kwemithombo kakhulu le ndawo.