Stone - into noma emzimbeni? izinhlobo zamatshe

Amatshe zabantu ubudala benawo izakhiwo imilingo. Kukholakala ukuthi umuntu ocebile ngempela ubani namatshe ayigugu kakhulu futhi zemvelo. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, akukho ngakwesokunxele. Namuhla, kokuba inombolo enkulu amatshe omangalisayo multi-ezinemibala shining - eyindoda ecebile.

Nokho, abantu ziye zasetshenziswa futhi zemvelo, amatshe zemvelo. Njengoba izintambo ziyobe ziphethwe uyakwazi njalo isimangaliso idwala liba umbono ngokubabazekayo ngempela. Kodwa kuyini ngempela isihloko kusuka Ngokombono ongokwesayensi? Stone - into noma emzimbeni? Yini liqukethe nalokho zinhlobo umelwe, njengoba esetshenziswa indoda, futhi ubani igama? Zama ukuqonda.

Stone - into noma emzimbeni?

Ukuze siphendule lo mbuzo, kumelwe bonke unqume ukuthi ikuphi umzimba kanye nokusetshenziswa? Uthisha weklasi lesihlanu ngesikhathi eemfundweni zemvelo umlando izingane ukuphendula lo mbuzo.

Ngemizimba ngokuthi zonke izinto vusa nemvelo ezingaphili. Nakuba le ndaba - lena indaba yakha umzimba. Lezi imiqondo kuhlobene. Uma ukwakha uchungechunge okunengqondo, kuzothatha cishe ngendlela elandelayo: Umzimba - izinto - molecule - ama-athomu - izakhiwo ezincane sakhiwa core.

Ngokwemvelo yayo, amatshe - imikhicito amatshe, nezixhobo futhi izingcezu kuzo. Ngakho-ke, ephendula umbuzo: "? Itshe - into noma umzimba" - kufanele sinake leli qiniso. Phawula futhi ukuthi isimo chemical yamadwala zihlukile, umongo lapho akha ethize futhi azifani. Yingakho lesi siphetho: amatshe - yalolu ketshezi, futhi umzimba kusukela imibono wesayensi ezahlukene.

Ukwahlukaniswa rocks

Lo magazini ngokuvamile isikhathi eside wahlala umbuzo evulekile, njengoba izazi ezihlukahlukene ngokuhunyushwa ke ngendlela yakhe. Ngenxa yalokho, Ukwahlukaniswa amatshe banikwa kamuva nje kakhulu, ekhulwini XX. Ezweni ngalinye, kungokwemvelo. Ukuze Russia ubhekwa uhlelo eyamukelekayo ezihlongozwayo V Ya. Kievlenko (1973).

1. Ubucwebe, noma amagugu okuhloba. Izibonelo: irubi, isafire, Emerald, idayimane, ibherule *, alexandrite, itshe eliyigugu, zircon, moonstone, aquamarine, itopazi tourmaline, ikrisolithe, i-amethiste, itherkhoyisi, eseshumi yikrisoprasi, almandite, rozolit, spinel, citrine, demantoid, spodunit, Pyrope. Zonke amatshe selihlukene laba I, II, III no IV ye-oda.
2. amatshe Semiprecious, noma amatshe ayigugu. Izibonelo: rock crystal, ne-agathe, chalcedony, inhlaka, hematite, Cajon, rauchtopaz, amazonite, labradorite, feldspar, asebenza ngebhethri, rhodonite, Itshe Eliyigugu abavamile, beloporit, heliotrope, rose asebenza ngebhethri. Zonke izici zihlukaniswe I neyesi-II oda.
3. Ornamental. Izibonelo: zemabula, fluorite, Celine, quartzite, egwadle, Jasper, agalmatolite, gahnite, i-onikisi dzhesplyait, wokhuni oluqinile, jet, obsidian, i-onikisi.

Ngomqondo obanzi, nezinhlobo zonke zamatshe kungenziwa ngokufingqiwe amaqembu amathathu:

• yemvelo;
• yokufakelwa;
• zokwenziwa.

ngezigaba onjalo zamakhemikhali, njengoba amasampula yokufakelwa and zokwenziwa abangu okulungiselelwe izindlela laboratory.

Amakilasi amatshe, okuye engenhla, phakathi kwabo futhi abe division ezithile. Ngokwesibonelo, khona baneHholo imvelo akhethekile Ukwahlukaniswa igama.

Amatshe kusukela iphuzu amakhemikhali buka,

Njengoba sekuphawuliwe kakade, izakhi embuzweni yimvelo - ke rocks. Ngakho-ke, ngokombono amakhemikhali buka, itshe - ikhemikhali. Ukwakheka ngokuvamile kunqunywa inhlanganisela metal oxides ezihlukahlukene nosawoti yalo.

Ngokwesibonelo, ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali zonke irubi eyaziwa nesimaragidu cishe united - alumina AL ₂ O _3. Umbala iyahlukahluka ngenxa admixtures ezahlukene nezinye izakhi kanye ukukhanya ukumuncwa umthamo.

Kunamaqembu eziningana zamakhemikhali isakhiwo ecashile zonke zemvelo, kuhlanganise namatshe ayigugu;

• izakhi lwendabuko (idayimane - C);
• halides;
• sulfides;
• oxides;
• phosphate;
• borates;
• sulfate;
• feldspars;
• scapolites;
• sadolity;
• carbonates;
• silicates;
• namabhomu.

Eqenjini ngalinye, izinhlobo lwabo lwamatshe, emakhulwini izinhlobonhlobo. Bayakwazi kuhluke, hhayi nje kuphela ukwakheka, kodwa nangenduduzo umbala, ijamo, isayizi, obala, ukuminyana.

izakhiwo

Kusukela umbono wesayensi yezinto zemvelo, itshe - walo mzimba. Futhi ngenxa yalokho, it libhekene izakhiwo, nezinye izinto ezifanayo: inhlama, ukuncibilika ukuvala abacaphuni, ukuminyana, umbala, ukunambitheka, iphunga, nokunye.

Nokho, sonke siyazi ukuthi okuningi kwamatshe ayinakho ukunambitheka, iphunga, akakwazi ncibilika kodwa kumane nje kuyingxenye. Umbala njengoba zihlukene kakhulu kangangokuba ngokwezibalo ayisa uhlaka jikelele lokhu isilinganiso akunakwenzeka. Palette kokukhanya namatshe ayigugu futhi ephuma kabili esiyigugu ephelele: kusukela omnyama nomhlophe ukuze anemibala bright blue, obomvu, oluhlaza, ophuzi kanye purple.

Ngokuvamile, kukhona amaqembu amaningana eyinhloko nezici zabo ezingokomzimba amatshe, ezemvelo nezibangelwa abantu ezenziwe (kuhlanganise eziyigugu).

1. Amandla kanye bafake ukumelana. okuqinile (granite) kungenziwa isehlane kule medium inkomba (zemabula) namandla ongaphakeme (tuff) amasampula.
2. Ubuningi. It sifana Inkomba odlule. Ihlukaniswe yaba nzima - 2200 kg / m ³ nokukhanya - ezincane kuno lelo nani.
3. ukumuncwa umthamo Amanzi, okuyinto kunqunywa porosity isakhiwo.
4. Ukumelana Acid. I eziphikelelayo kakhulu - egwadle namathempeli ngokhonkolo namatshe. ebhidlikayo ngempela kalula zemabula, kusukela acid engena ukusabela zamakhemikhali.

Ngakho, singaphetha ngokuthi itshe - into noma umzimba uhlamvu zemvelo sika, lapho eziningi izici ezingokomzimba namakhemikhali kanye ibaluleke kakhulu esisebenzayo ezimpilweni zabantu.

amatshe zemvelo

Yiqiniso, kunezindlela eziningi kakhulu ukuze bakwazi yonkhe incazelo. Kodwa labo ezivamile ezisetshenziswa avame ngomuntu, zama cabanga.

Kubukeka amahle kakhulu futhi ukubukeka yizicukuthwane unazo itshe yemvelo. Photo Stonehenge is kahle waqinisekisa. Ngisho naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi masampuli akudingeki umbala futhi libalele, Acindezela ngobukhosi wena kanye nenkazimulo yawo.

zinhlobo

Kunezibonelo eziningana ezithandwayo zamatshe yemvelo, ezisetshenziswa ngabantu landscape ukuklanywa nokwakhiwa ibhizinisi ngenxa ukuqina yayo, ubuhle, kanye nobungane kwemvelo.

1. Marble, okungase kube ezahlukene umthunzi futhi iphethini (laminate nezimagqabhagqabha). Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo esetshenziswa njengoba itshe izakhiwo yezakhiwo. Kusukela iphuzu amakhemikhali umbono limelela i-calcium carbonate Caco _3.
2. Granite. Ingabe material for kokuphothula phansi, izindonga, ambozwe zezakhiwo, ukudala imisebenzi Amazing yobuciko (izikhumbuzo, izikhumbuzo, njll). Kusukela iphuzu amakhemikhali umbono luyinhlanganisela feldspar, asebenza ngebhethri namaminerali mafic.
3. Sandstone. Esetshenziswa ngabantu kuvuleke yokuhambahamba ekwakheni izitebhisi, ebeka of izisekelo. Isetshenziswa kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo. I amakhemikhali ukwakheka asebenza ngebhethri futhi feldspars.
4. Travertine. itshe kakhulu aminyene futhi oqinile, zemabula ubulukhuni aphakeme. Futhi-ke has ezinhle frost ukumelana. Asetshenziswa ukwakhiwa belingana egwadle namatshe amhlophe amaningi. Siqukethe namaminerali-calcium carbonate.
5. Tuff. Beautiful itshe ukungena nakwamanye amazwe, ngempela okubi. Isetshenziselwa ukuklama Umklamo izingadi, ebhekene zezakhiwo. I chemical nemvelo - calcium carbonate, Silicon compounds, umlotha wentaba-mlilo futhi lava ohlangene.
6. Jasper - enhle itshe anemibala esetshenziselwa kuphela zokuhlobisa nezinto zokuhloba. Kuyinto ingxube Silicon compounds kanye yensimbi oxides.

Kukhona ezifana amatshe ezivamile like slate, le-basalt, dolomite limestone, futhi abanye, okuyinto kabanzi ibhizinisi ukwakhiwa kanye ngokuvamile esetshenziswa indoda. itshe yemvelo, izithombe zazo kungabonwa esihlokweni, omunye impahla lanamuhla ethandwa kakhulu ekuhlobiseni ingaphakathi.

amatshe Artificial: ngezigaba

izakhiwo ababhekene nesimo esinje kungabaduduza zihlukaniswe ngamaqembu ezine eziyinhloko:

• acrylic;
• polyester;
• agglomerates asebenza ngebhethri;
• inkatho zemabula.

Isici esiyinhloko ngamunye kubo - wukuthi ziyadalwa eyayenziwe umuntu, futhi-ke ingekho ifomu khulula ngokwemvelo. izakhiwo zabo akuzona yalutho futhi ngezinye izikhathi aphakeme, takovyk amasampula zemvelo.

Inkambu eyinhloko ukusetshenziswa - yokukhiqiza countertops, siyazika, ukubonisa izindonga, iphansi, ifasitela Sills amakhabethe nokunye ngomuthi.

Amatshe emanzini - izinhlobo nezindawo

amatshe Sea - okuyisici esibalulekile umhlobiso for okugcinwa, izindlu zangasese, umhlobiso ingaphakathi isitayela ezifanele. Zinhle kakhulu, ahlukahlukene ngefomu, isayizi nembala, njalo amehlo.

Yiziphi izinhlobo izakhiwo ezinjalo?

1. Coquina. itshe yemvelo, kwakhiwa eminyakeni engaphezu kwekhulu edlule lime kanye igobolondo izinsalela abakhileyo zasemanzini kwezilwandle nezilwandle. It has a Milky nice ezifanele ukusetshenziswa ku ezibekiweko ukwakhiwa. Kabanzi umklamo umhlobiso.
2. Amaparele. Libhekisela amatshe zemvelo ulwandle lokho ingumkhiqizo zokuphila shelly shellfish. Asetshenziswa ubucwebe, it is kakhulu yaziswa kakhulu ngenxa yokuthi amandla, ubuhle nokuqina kwayo.
3. Amarubi. Ungase futhi ukubabiza ulwandle amatshe, ngoba ekugcineni iphenduke isakhiwo eyisidlakela, ezakhiwe namaminerali calcareous, asebenza ngebhethri futhi imikhiqizo womsebenzi esibalulekile abakhileyo ocean - polyp. zahlukahlukene kakhulu ngombala, kukhona izakhi emangalisa kakhulu ekuhlobiseni okugcinwa. Asetshenziswa ubucwebe.

Okungukuthi ulwandle amatshe - kuyinto okuvela ezilwaneni, kwakheka bedle amanzi usawoti nangemisebenzi yezinto eziphilayo.

namatshe ayigugu

Emangalisa kakhulu, kumnandi futhi enhle amatshe - ngokuqinisekile eziyigugu. Ngemuva kubo belwa, bahlonishwe, bona banikezwe njengophawu lwenhlonipho nothando, zazifanekisela amandla. Kwaba ngamatshe ayigugu elihlobene ne-legends eziningi, amandla magic ithonya labo emzimbeni ayichazi kuze kube manje.

Izinhlobonhlobo futhi amagama

Njengoba ebizwa amatshe zalolu hlobo? Amagama Ziningi, njengoba ngempela futhi ngokwabo. Eqolo futhi owaziwa yilezi:

• Diamonds - amadayimane ngomshini futhi yona-iphucuziwe,
• ngamasafire okwesibhakabhaka;
• itopazi okwesibhakabhaka;
• emeralds oluhlaza;
• aquamarine ocean wave;
• violet ne-amethiste onsomi, nabanye abaningi.

Amatshe - imikhiqizo amahle esiyingqayizivele ezenza ukuphila kwabantu mnandi, ephephile futhi sihle.