Iyiphi indima udlalwa amakhowe ecosystem? Meaning of isikhunta ngokwemvelo

Uma ukukhuluma mayelana amakhowe, into yokuqala efika emqondweni - ehlathini ekwindla, ukuzingela ethule. Ungakwazi basakhumbula imvubelo, shizi penicillin akuzange kusize. Futhi mayelana eziphilayo lingisani amakhowe, kungani ngidinga imvelo ukwenza, bambalwa abantu abacabanga. Ake sixoxe ngakho.

Ukulimaza noma bazuze?

Kuthiwa uma wagqoka izinzuzo omunye isikali ukuthi abantu ukusuka la magciwane, futhi ngakolunye - balimaza isitsha olinganiselayo. Nakuba, ukukhuluma ngendima simiso semvelo ukudlala amakhowe, ngakho ngeke ukwazi ukubeka umbuzo. Nature kubalulekile futhi kuyadingeka kubo bonke.

Ukutadisha amakhowe mycology isayensi ubhekwa wezitshalo. Kodwa amakhowe Sekuyisikhathi eside idla yodwa umbuso ehlukile. Okusho ukuthi, kukhona umbuso izitshalo futhi ngokwehlukana - umbuso isikhunta.

Esinye sezici eziyinhloko wukuthi carbohydrate ezihlelekile ukubunjwa odongeni cell zalezi zinto - chitin. He is ingxenye skeleton elingaphandle izinambuzane, eyisinambuzane. Chitin anezakhi ezithakazelisayo, enye yazo - ikhono ukususa nomzimba womuntu izidakamizwa eziyingozi, ukwehlisa cholesterol. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngoba ngaye amakhowe abhekwa ukudla esindayo. Izingane kuze iminyaka 6-7, akukuhle ukunikeza nabancelisayo futhi kungcono hhayi ukuba. Uhlelo enzyme wengane akakwazi ukubhekana umkhiqizo elinjalo.

Kungani uhlobo kudingeka amakhowe?

Omunye wemisebenzi yabo eyinhloko - esibolile, kabusha izinsalela organic. Ngenxa yalokho wokululazeka begazi izitshalo nezilwane ezifile phinda ku umjikelezo wemvelo carbon nokumbiwa izinto.

Amakhowe zinengxenye izinqubo zenhlabathi, kuthinte isakhiwo sabo, ukwakheka kanye ngisho lokushisa. Phela, abolile imfiva abolile doti. Kuyaziwa ukuba abalimi ukutshala imifino emibhedeni efudumele.

Mushrooms ukuphila kwabo ukudala biomass of mycelium futhi fruiting imizimba (ukuthi siyazi kusuka ebuntwaneni njengoba amanita, russula, boletus, njll). Badla abantu nje kuphela, kodwa futhi ezihlukahlukene izinambuzane nezilwane.

Gribokoren

value elingenakuqhathaniswa isikhunta kudalwa mycorrhiza. It kuvela ukuthi amakhowe hhayi kuphela ukubhubhisa izihlahla, kodwa kungaba usizo kubo. Imvelo okwandile lo mkhuba Symbiosis - nenzuzo kokubili nokuhlalisana eziphilayo.

It yakha inhlangano mycorrhizal we sesigcilikisha mycelial kanye izimpande zesihlahla. Lesi sikhunta uthola kusukela isitshalo izakhi ephakeme ngendlela kufinyeleleke, futhi, esikhundleni salokho, emsiza ukuba kukhishwe amanzi enhlabathini ne phosphorus. Umuthi empeleni babe izimpande ezengeziwe.

Mycorrhiza kungaba zangaphandle, izimpande kwemvelo, futhi ingangena ngaphakathi. Phakathi amaseli ezimbili kuyinto asebenzayo eziphilayo umzimba. Iyiphi indima udlalwa isikhunta ecosystem kulesi simo? Ihlathi Life akunakwenzeka ngaphandle kwabo, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezinesomiso.

Sisonqenqemeni okusinda

Ezindaweni lapho isimo sezulu elibuhlungu, nezimila azinasisindo, isikhunta yakha umphakathi iqala ubuhlobo bokubambisana, hhayi izihlahla kanye ulwelwe, eyaziwa ngokuthi ulele. Betholakala khona emathafeni ase-nethafa, emadwaleni, izakhiwo, amagxolo omuthi - lapho, esibonakala, ngoba akukho izimo zokuphila. Kodwa ngisho amanzi akhiphe mushroom okuvela emoyeni, kusukela iphuzu amazolo, futhi oguqula ukukhanya alga isikhutha zasenza ukudla organic kokubili.

Obzhivanie izikhala entsha, amahora abasebenza kulezi zindawo organic - ukuthi lingaba nenye incazelo isikhunta ngokwemvelo.

amakhowe izilwane ezidla ezinye

Ngu indlela yokuphila nendlela ukudla amakhowe zihlukaniswe zibe:

• inhlabathi saprophytes (mushroom, Clitocybe, Morel);
• ksilofily parasitizing ku nemithi efile noma ukubola efile (izilinganiso wangempela indawo, Polypore);
• mycorrhizal, udala Symbiosis nge isitshalo izimpande (omhlophe, boletus, Mokhovikov).

On izinqwaba nomswani siphile amakhowe Coprophilia ku imililo emikhulu - karbofily.

Futhi ezinye isikhunta can "ukuzingela". yimpango yabo kungaba amoeba, izinambuzane, nematodes. mushroom ngentambo abanamathela isisulu, bopha isikhwehlela, abanye baze bakwazi hila kwakhe, khona-ke ziqhume ngaphakathi akudle. Lena esinye isibonelo indima simiso semvelo ukudlala e amakhowe.

UMbuso omkhulu futhi ezihlukahlukene

Kubonakala emhlabeni womuntu amakhowe iyingxenye encane ukwehluka ekhona yohlobo lwazo. Amakhowe, izithombe, abamagama abo ajwayelekile kusuka ebuntwaneni - a amakhowe, omhlophe, uju agaric, russula, grebe okhanyayo nabanye abaningi. Ziyakwazi - e colorings yezingane cookbooks, izincwadi ku imithi oluphuthumayo kanye kwemithi izincwadi. Amakhowe ngoba abantu kungenziwa Gourmet ukudla, futhi ushevu obulalayo, bakwazi ukwelapha abangela izifo, ukuze okusindisa nokubhubhisa kwezitshalo izindlu ayifaneleki.

Nge amakhowe le inkathi yemithi elwa namagciwane kwezokwelapha. Manje iziqinisekiso ezingasho uthola zisebenzisa i ephakamisa amasosha omzimba, ukulwa umdlavuza lingzhi mushroom, Cordyceps, Shiitake, nabanye.

ababona nje kuphela omakhelwane bethu ebonakalayo nengabonakali, kudingekile futhi iyingozi.