-social science, ezombusazwe: ukuhlolwa, ukuhlolwa

Kuyini ezombusazwe? Kungani yena ngumhlali abavamile? Yini ehlanganisiwe lo mqondo?

Yemfihlo. sifundo wesifundo sezenhlalo

sphere Political - omunye ezine izici zokuphila kwezenhlalo emphakathini, kanye kwemingcele yezomnotho, yezenhlalo nezingokomoya. Yini kusitshela lokhu social science? inqubomgomo mkhakha wesayensi ihlukaniswe imiqondo emithathu:

• Uhlobo yizenzo zabantu.
• Omunye ezicini ezine zokuphila kwezenhlalo, kwakha isimiso esiyinkimbinkimbi ashukumisayo emphakathini.
• Uhlobo nobudlelwane bokuhlalisana phakathi kwabantu eqenjini.

Umcabango nokuhileleka kwezombusazwe

Ngamunye wethu, kuzothi enganakile ohilelekile emisebenzini yezombangazwe isimo, okuyinto ekhaya. Ngempela, inqubomgomo yethu ukuphila kudlala indzima lesembili. Phela, thina ukuphila emphakathini elilawulwa esikhungweni komphakathi okufana, njengoba isimo. Nakhu libhekene indlela nokuhileleka kwezombangazwe ngayinye umphakathi ngamunye aziwa usosayensi German Max Weber:

• Ukuzibandakanya "ukumaka." Lokhu kwenzeka uma isakhamuzi ithola yesikhathi esisodwa isinqumo zezombusazwe futhi iqhaza empilweni zezombangazwe yezwe. Isibonelo okuphawuleka ukhetho uMongameli noma inhlolovo ezintweni ezibaluleke kakhulu umphakathi.
• Ukuzibandakanya "ekuhlanganisweni". Lapho isakhamuzi babehileleke kakhulu kwezombangazwe, kodwa ibhizinisi main enye indawo. Ngokwesibonelo, osomabhizinisi ziyingxenye anoma yiliphi iqembu lezombusazwe futhi njalo abathintekayo ekuphileni kwakhe.
• osopolitiki abaqeqeshiwe. Laba abantu umsebenzi kabani main kule ndawo.

inqubomgomo nomthelela

Ukuze avelele ku sphere zezombusazwe abantu badala inhlangano izimfanelo ngoba imfanelo ethile (amakilasi lombhalo futhi t. D.). Kusukela inkambo yomlando singakhumbula kwethonya amaqembu athile yezenhlalakahle yezinguquko iyunithi kuleli zwe. Ngokuvamile kabusha yafinyelelwa ngokusebenzisa linemibhikisho.

Uhlolo ukuhlolwa Izifundo zomphakathi lokhu ukunakwa ndaba ngaphezulu. ithonya Wanamuhla izakhamuzi kunqubomgomo yezwe kufezwa ngokusebenzisa inhlangano e amaqembu ezombusazwe kanye nokunyakaza. A indima ekhethekile ekuthathweni esimweni kungokwalabo elite zezombusazwe. Kuyinto umbuthano elincane labantu ukugxilisa ingqondo ezandleni zabo nethonya elikhulu kuleli zwe. Lokhu kuhlanganisa izikhundla ezinkulu esimweni ezifana likaMongameli, Ungqongqoshe, abaholi elibusayo amaqembu ezombusazwe.

Isici ehlukile kwezombangazwe siwukuthi kuhloswe nasemphakathini wonkana, kunokuba ukwehlukanisa nobukhulu bayo. Lokhu kuphakamisa omunye umbuzo impikiswano: "Zinjalo yini zonke izindlela zinhle ukwakha ikusasa eliqhakazile kuleli zwe" Ingabe kuvunyelwe izinyathelo ezinzima ingajezisa ukuchuma esizayo isimo? Ngokwesibonelo, abashisekeli kanye abashisekeli benkolo impendulo ngoyebo le mibuzo. kumele kusetshenziswe noma iyiphi indlela, uma eduze imigomo yabo. Ngamanye amazwi, lo ekupheleni olungisisa izindlela.

Yiqiniso emlandweni waleli zwe kubonisa ukuthi ukunyakaza okunjalo kwenza wasuka e-Russia. Engingakusho nje kokukhumbula Socialist Revolutionary Party (AKP), nge ngamabhomu zabo ezinkulukazi nokubulawa kwabantu ehola izibalo zezombusazwe kwekhulu le-19. Akukho ndlela umuntu kungagcini amaKhomanisi emva 1917; ukumesaba okwalandela abomvu. Umgomo - ukuqedwa amakilasi "kulaks kanye Masters" nganoma iyiphi indlela. Ukuvimbela izenzakalo ezinjalo wafunda udaba ehlukile ( "Inqubomgomo") we wesifundo sezenhlalo.

izinhlangano zezombusazwe

Lona omunye izinhlobo tikhungo tetenhlalo ukuthi ukukhonza umphakathi ukufeza izidingo ezithile nomphakathi. I izinhlangano zezombusazwe ezidingekayo ukuze uthole ukuvikeleka, ukuhleleka emphakathini, ukuthula wokwenza izinqumo ezibalulekile emphakathini. Ngokuyinhloko, yebo, kuba isimo. Ngaphezu izikhungo zakhe zezombusazwe zihlanganisa izinhlangano zezombusazwe, izinyunyana kanye nezinhlangano.

amaqembu ezombusazwe

Ingabe wabantu abahlangene ngokuzithandela, abantu abanemibono ezifanayo on ukuthuthukisa kuhulumeni kanye nomphakathi. Inhlangano ngayinye inohlelo ecacile yesenzo kanye ushintsho, emibonweni yabantu nasendleleni yabo engekho akufezi yalomsebenti by izindlela isimo kuvunyelwe. Ngokuvamile, lokhu ukhetho ngohlaka lomthetho ukuze senze kuphoqelekile zonke izakhamuzi izinqumo wezwe.

Ngokwemvelo, inhlangano enjalo kufanele kulawulwa umthetho. Esikhathini Russian Federation ngalezi zinhloso e 2001 wamukelwa umthetho kahulumeni ekhethekile "Ngo amaqembu ezombusazwe". Yena ngokucacile incazelo. Inhlangano yezepolitiki - ke wabantu abahlangene ngokuzithandela izakhamuzi Russian Federation ukuze kuzuzwe izimfuno zabo zezombusazwe ngokusebenzisa iqhaza iziphathimandla ukhetho kuwo wonke amazinga, kanye emikhankasweni yezombangazwe futhi mpikiswano, izinkulumo zomphakathi.

Izinjongo amaqembu ezombusazwe

Khona-ke abakhululiwe eziyinhloko:

• Nyusa ukhetho zabo imizimba zomthetho kuwo wonke amazinga.
• Ukwakheka umbono womphakathi mayelana nodaba oluthile.
• Imfundo zombusazwe izakhamuzi.

Amaqembu ezombusazwe - indlela eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Ngamunye has nemibono yayo siqu, hlelo, isakhiwo kanye nenqubo sokunquma abazobhapathizwa emabandleni zomthetho. It sifundwa kuwo imininingwane nezinye izihloko of the course "Izifundo Social". Ezombusazwe, njengezinye, musa ukuhlala kulokhu ukunakwa kakhulu. Inikeza imiqondo ezijwayelekile kuphela.

ubudlelwane kwezepolitiki

Le nkulumo ibhekisela ubudlelwane phakathi kwabantu, izihloko eziphakama emkhakheni wezepolitiki. Noma yimuphi ekusebenzisaneni okuhlotshaniswa amandla maphakathi noma emhlabathini, kuyoba isihloko ubuhlobo obunjalo. Phakathi izibonelo ezinjalo zihlanganisa:

• Budlelwane emkhatsini wetincenye izindlela isimo. Ngokwesibonelo, phakathi kukahulumeni kanye enkonzweni wemboni.
• Ukuxhumana phakathi ethile isimo isakhiwo kanye namaqembu omphakathi. Ngokwesibonelo, phakathi isimo kanye ukuba ngingenele umbutho wezempi.
• Ukuxhumana phakathi kwezikhungo zikahulumeni kanye nezinhlangano ezingekho ngaphansi kukahulumeni ukunyakaza komphakathi kanye okwakheke. Ngokwesibonelo, Ministry of Agriculture nezinyunyana zabalimi.
• Ukuxhumana phakathi isimo kanye nabantu.
• Ukuxhumana phakathi kwamaqembu epolitiki kanye okwakheke angahlangene nezombangazwe, ezifana zabasebenzi, ama cooperatives, nokunye. D.
• Phakathi isimo kanye kwemibuso kunhlanganiso zamazwe omhlaba kanye emizimbeni. Isibonelo okuphawuleka ubudlelwano phakathi Russian Federation kanye PACE (LoMhlangano ePhalamende Europe).

Ubudlelwano kungenziwa eligoqiwe ngezindlela ezahlukene. yokusizana, umncintiswano zokuhlala, izinyathelo ukwesekwa umphakathi, unswinyo nemikhawulo - konke kuncike izinhloso ezithile, iqembu ngalinye. Uma ukufanisa ke kukhona ukubambisana. Kodwa uma imigomo zihlukile futhi iyaphikisana, phakathi abahlanganyeli of ubudlelwano zezombusazwe kukhona ekubeni abonane nomqashi.

Yiziphi izindinganiso zomphakathi ihanjiswa ubuhlobo obunjalo ukuhlolwa? isayensi Social njengoba isihloko isiyalo esikoleni oluhambisana okulandelayo:

• izimiso zezombusazwe.
• Yayisekelwe Kuyinkolelo-ze.
• kwezinkambiso zomthetho.
• kwemazinga ekutiphatsa.

Ezombusazwe namandla. isayensi Social njengoba Yiqiniso esikoleni

Zonke izici zezombangazwe ngokuqondile noma ngokungaqondile ezihlobene umqondo owodwa. Lona amandla. Okuningi ngokunembile, umzabalazo ke. Amandla akubalwa ubheke umqondo zezombusazwe. Leli gama lisho noma yiluphi uhlobo povelevaniya nokuphatha. Ngokwesibonelo, ithonya labazali ezinganeni, umqashi umsebenzi. Uyazicabangela leli gama futhi isihloko wesifundo sezenhlalo. Ezombusazwe njengoba okwakuvela ohlotsheni olukhethekile lwenkanyezi umsebenzi kuhlangene ngokungenakuhlukaniswa inkolelo yokungafi amandla.

unswinyo ukuqinisekisa ukuthobela imithetho. Lokhu akwenziwa njalo umqondo omubi. Unswinyo zihlukaniswe emihle nemibi. Iqembu lokuqala ukuqinisekisa oda bayakhuthazwa. Ngokwesibonelo, ukwanda kwe-premium, leli holidi okungavamile. unswinyo Negative ukulondoloza amandla isijeziso - .. ngokuxoshwa, izinhlawulo, bokuhlukaniswa amabhonasi, njll Isici esibalulekile nokugcina ukuthembeka iziphathimandla kungaphansi, abanikeze oda noma imiyalelo.

Ebhekisela waphinde "Izifundo zomphakathi" Yebo. Yemfihlo - ngumkhakha lapho amandla ongagcini nje. Emphakathini ihlukaniswe iziphathimandla ezilandelayo:

• Economic. Control kwezinsiza, imali, izinto ezibonakalayo.
• Amasiko Imininingwane. Ukulawula abezindaba (umsakazo, iphephandaba, ithelevishini kanye nokunye. D.)
• Ephoqelekile. Ukulawula ukusetshenziswa kwamandla (ibutho, amaphoyisa, abophiko lwezokuphepha).
• Political.

Uhlobo yokugcina kwamandla enezinto eziningi izici zayo ukuthi ahlukile kuwo:

• Lusebenza emphakathini wonke, abahlala isimo. Ngokweyame zonke ezinye iziphathimandla zezombusazwe.
• It uba egameni nasemphakathini wonkana.
• wezombangazwe kuphela inelungelo ngokomthetho zisebenzisa amandla.
• It has a isikhungo esisodwa kazwelonke izinqumo.
• Isebenzisa zonke izindlela ithonya esivela nezinye izinhlobo amandla.

Yini sezizophela ngokutadisha Yiqiniso "Izifundo Social"? Yemfihlo - omunye imisebenzi ukhiye ezithinta bonke abanye.