Inland amanzi Eastern eSiberia. Emifuleni, emachibini, Eastern eSiberia, ikakhulukazi ubunjalo

ESiberia - endaweni ehlukile yemvelo izimbali emangalisa ezilwaneni nasezimileni. izici Geographic lemikhakha engase abe nesithakazelo hhayi kuphela lososayensi nonjiniyela, kodwa futhi abahambi abavamile nabantu obakhathalelayo iplanethi futhi konke ukwehlukana kwayo. Isisekelo ukuthuthukiswa ezindaweni ngokuvamile amanzi. Mhlawumbe yingakho isingeniso kufanele kuqale kwemithombo yamanzi. Ngakho, nokuthi ayini amanzi sangaphakathi Eastern baseSiberia buthatha, ukuthi kuwufanele azi? Masitadishe ngokuningiliziwe imifula, amachibi kanye olwandle esifundeni, izimila nezilwane, kanye nezici zayo yendawo zezulu.

indawo

Isifunda ihlanganisa amakhilomitha square kwezigidi eziyisikhombisa. Geography Eastern eSiberia kuhlanganisa endaweni kusukela izintaba, ukudala ukuhlukana phakathi yePacific e-Arctic Ocean, kuya Yenisei umcengezi. Maphakathi Central laseSiberia Plateau. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona ezimbili elisezansi. Lokhu North-Central eSiberia futhi Yakutia. Izintaba zitholakala iBaikal futhi Yenisei Ridge.

Ubude esifundeni ukusuka enyakatho kuya eningizimu ingamakhilomitha angu eziyizinkulungwane ezintathu. Imingcele Eastern eSiberia asezindaweni eMongolia naseChina. Enyakatho, endaweni kuba Cape Chelyuskin. Amaningi ala masimu ihlukile esiphakeme ngokwanele ngaphezu kogu lolwandle. UMfula i-East eSiberia, uhlu elikhulu iluphi okuzoxoxwa ngalo ngezansi, amanzi okusezingeni eliphezulu okusheshayo imisinga ezahlukene, bavame ukuthunyelwa nge nezigodi ezijulile.

elise Archean-Proterozoic engaphansi, okubonakala phezu eningizimu-entshonalanga nasenyakatho kuya ngokusekelwe ezweni. Nenhlabathi zihlanganisa amasleyithi, namamabula, charnockites. Izici izingqimba zomhlaba kule ndawo ukunikeza impumuzo ehlukile wangenela. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi inhlangano efanayo we ebusweni siyenzeka ngisho phansi kwamanzi zonke eChibini iBaikal, phansi okuyinto isenza Amashalofu okubeka ububanzi.

Yelena

Esokuqala ucacise omunye wemifula kunabo bonke emhlabeni. Ubude bayo amakhilomitha amawaka, anamakhulu mane ezine, endaweni umcengezi - amakhilomitha square amane namashumi ayisishiyagalolunye ayizinkulungwane. endaweni yayo esemqoka itholakala esifundeni sase-Irkutsk futhi Yakutia. Istok itholakala emithambekeni iBaikal Izintaba endaweni engamamitha cishe eyinkulungwane amamitha ngaphezu kolwandle, futhi agelezela Yelena oLwandle Laptev. Iningi indlela umfula ugeleza ngokusebenzisa yamadwala nasemigodini ehlathini. Ebusika, iqina cishe kuya phansi, futhi ehlobo ezomile kungenzeka wome ngokuphelele. Amandla inikezwa yi kwezulu eMfuleni Yelena kanye namachibi we iBaikal esifundeni. Kwezinye izindawo, sifinyelela kwamamitha ayishumi ukujula, futhi ububanzi esigodini lingafika amakhilomitha amathathu.

Aqinise ke azilingani - omunye eyehlelayo, kanti eyesibili - okusezingeni eliphezulu futhi emaweni. Nemingenela, nakho ukunikeza ukudla Yelena River kukhona Vitim Viluy, Aldan. Eduze Yakutsk ezithakazelisayo kumiswa engokwemvelo isihlabathi masimu. Phakathi namashumi amahlanu ukusuka olwandle kuqala delta, okungenye yezinkundla ezinkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni. insimu yalo ihlanganisa amakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane ezingamashumi amathathu sikwele - esikalini kuzenze zibathinte nakakhulu abakwazi ukuqhosha ngisho iNayile. Esikhathini delta kukhona iziqhingi eziningi, kwakhiwa kusuka isihlabathi waweza.

Yelena ngokuvamile bevalela entwasahlobo, ikakhulukazi sifinyelela engenhla. Izikhukhula engenzeka ehlobo, ngemuva kwezimvula ezinkulu. Ngezikhathi ezinjalo, ichibi wanda, kodwa akuphephile ukuze uhlale njalo.

Yenisei

Siyaqhubeka nemizamo yokuthola amanzi sangaphakathi Eastern eSiberia. Yenisei ingenye emifuleni elikhulu WaseRussia. Igama livela egameni Evenk "UJonas", okusho ukuthi "amanzi enkulu". Umfula iyona enza kakhulu.

Pool ikakhulukazi ise Krasnoyarsk Territory. Sifinyelela engenhla zitholakala endaweni Mongolia. Ubude River Yenisei ezintathu namakhulu amane namashumi amakhilomitha ayisishiyagalombili nesikhombisa. Pool agcwaliswa nemingenela eminingi, iningi labo - ibhange kwesokudla. Lezi zihlanganisa Tuba, Angara Kan Kureika, Stony futhi Lower Tunguska, Hantayka. nemingenela Kwesobunxele kukhona Abakan, Sym, Kas Turuhan, uNkulunkulu. Ubude umxhwele River Yenisei futhi inikeza ukugeleza umxhwele yonyaka - kuba amakhilomitha angaphezu kwayisithupha. I-swimming pool has a izinkulungwane ezingamakhulu amachibi, edume kakhulu okuyinto iChibi iBaikal. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona amadamu amaningi kanye amadamu amabili amakhulu - Sayano-Shushenskaya futhi Krasnoyarsk. Ezansi nomfula, umfula ugeleza khona phakathi Yenisei Bay, elingelakwaJuda Sea Kara.

ob

Eastern eSiberia amumethe nemifula emikhulu. Ngokwesibonelo, ob - enye yezindawo ezinkulu kakhulu, hhayi nje kuphela iRussia kuphela kodwa nezwekazi Eurasia. Lakhiwa confluence we Biya futhi Katun emfuleni futhi ageleza eya oLwandle Kara. Lo mfula amakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane ezintathu ayisithupha namashumi amahlanu kanye. Yiqiniso eziphezulu has esigodi esibanzi. It unciphise umlomo kuphela edolobheni Kamen-na-Obi. nemingenela ezinkulu zihlanganisa i-Tom, le Chulym, tym, Wah futhi Ket, Vasyugan, Irtysh Enkulu Yugan. Ngaphezu kwalokho, insimu ka emadolobheni amaningi amakhulu ke kweqa emfuleni ob. Barnaul, Salekhard, Surgut, Novosibirsk - bona bonke ume wachichima.

Esikhathini sifinyelela engenhla it is bevalela kusuka April kuya ku-June, ngezansi amanzi okusezingeni eliphezulu kwenzeka kusukela ngo-Ephreli kuya ku-September. Ice uzisibekele ke kufika ezinsukwini ezimbili namashumi amabili ngonyaka. Ezingwini embozwe izinkuni, futhi ngokuvamile uyaphakanyiswa, ezindaweni ubumba amagobolondo kufihlwe futhi izinsalela. Nomthombo minyaka yonke kancane uguqule ukubukeka kwayo - kwesokunxele izona yasebhange kude, futhi ilungelo ugcwaliswe yesihlabathi daka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uzamcolo entwasahlobo ka emfuleni likhuphuka by amamitha amane, okwenza kube imingcele engaqinisekile kakhulu.

Ural

Ubude emfuleni Yenisei bahlaba umxhwele nakakhulu, kodwa futhi Ural futhi abalulekile. It libhekene ubude amakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane ezimbili ezine namatjhumi amabili nabunane kanye indawo amakhilomitha square inkulungwane namakhulu amabili namashumi amathathu eyodwa. Umthombo itholakala ku yokhalo Uraltau. Lena emfuleni sasivumela engajulile - phezulu ifinyelela ngayo futhi akuvamile idlula kwesigamu imitha ukujula. Urals anikwe amandla Sakmara futhi Ilek, kanye imvula ukuncibilika kweqhwa.

Umfula ugcwele izinhlanzi ezihlukahlukene - lapha uya Ukudoba Sturgeon, Sturgeon, bream, perch, carp, Pike, roach, bream, roach, chub, ide, gudgeon, bream, Grayling. Ural ebusika nqabela - e sifinyelela engenhla - ekuqaleni kuka November, futhi ngezansi - sekupheleni. Coming off the ice ngomhla ka-Ephreli.

Selenga

UMfula i-East eSiberia, uhlu okuyinto uyakufanelekela cwaningo, zihlanganisa lena. Selenga River yiyona owumthelela elikhulu iChibi iBaikal futhi ogeleza usuka Mongolia. Umthombo waso Fusion Ider Gol futhi Delger-Mourin. Ekhuluma ngomsuka emfuleni kukhona umbono ezithakazelisayo. Ngokwesibonelo, once upon a time kwathiwa ihlanganiswe ne lendlu yebhanoyi. Ngokusho kwenye i-mbono, Selenga kwaba owumthelela ULena. Imibono ngemvelaphi igama ubuye ezahlukene. Abanye bakholelwa ukuthi "Selenga" e Evenki lihlotshaniswa izwi 'nensimbi' - "afande". Ngokusho kwabanye imicabango yabantu, basesimweni izwi Buryat "Sal", okuyinto ibonisa kukhona amanzi. Lo mfula amakhilomitha ayisishiyagalombili namashumi ayisikhombisa.

Nemingenela we Selenga kukhona Jida, sokwelusa umhlambi, Uda, Chika, Temnik. Ngo iBaikal iletha cubic amakhilomitha amathathu amanzi ngonyaka, okuyinto ebangela kwesigamu ziyamaniswa nokungangeni Imininingwane. Ivolumu incike sonyaka - June no July Selenga kakhulu futhi kubonakale angashoni-esilazayo ngokugcwele kusukela ngoJanuwari kuya kuMashi. Ngemva kwezimvula ezinkulu, nomcengezi emfuleni zibhebhetheka, ezingeni ongama kuya ngamasentimitha amabili ngehora. Selenga Uza iBaikal amanzi hhayi kuphela, kodwa ukudla okuqinile futhi okwesikhashana - isihlabathi, inani ezingasetshenziswa afinyelela amathani emithathu nengxenye million ngonyaka, ukungcola phansi yayo. Falling echibini, lo mfula wakha i-delta umxhwele, okuyinto eziningi amakhilomitha imbozwe inhlabathi unconsolidated. Ngaphandle, kubonakala ethafeni exhaphozini, okuyinto ihlukaniswe ziqhingi ezincane iziteshi futhi oxbows we Selenga. Ukugeleza main ngalesi ingxenye iya ngaphansi, efanayo ngendlela engavamile Selenga futhi kuhlanganiswe iBaikal.

Ngaphambi ukwakhiwa esikhulu amandla kagesi endaweni Irkutsk Delta kwaba kaningi. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, le ndawo ivelele umsebenzi zokuzamazama komhlaba - lapha Ukuzamazama komhlaba nomthamo amaphuzu ayishumi. Delta ezisenza UNESCO njengoba enzeka esiyingqayizivele yemvelo enenani kwamaplanethi, kuba endaweni evikelwe. On endaweni nokongiwa, isinabantu ezingamakhulu amathathu zezinyoni, namalunga angamashumi ayisikhombisa abalwe eNcwadini Red. Lezi zihlanganisa i-black crane, peregrine uheshe, nyoni emhlophe-tailed Asia. Ngo empumalanga delta esiqiwini ornithological "Kabansky" wahlanganyela wokutakula izilwane ezisengozini yokuqothulwa.

iBaikal

Ngokutadisha amanzi sangaphakathi Eastern eSiberia, asikwazi bayakhohlwa leli chibi. Kuyinto amanzi angenasawoti ngobukhulu kulo lonke leli zwekazi, futhi ingxenye yesithathu yazo zonke izidumbu amanzi. Thola uphawu "echibini. IBaikal "kumephu kulula - nge ubude amakhilomitha angaphezu kuka angamakhulu ayisithupha, ububanzi - ayisishiyagalombili, ngakho phawula leli phuzu ilula.

LoMfula ichibi isimanga emakhulwini amaningi ehlala abantu, kodwa imvelo namanje kubonakala zasendle futhi isetshenzwe, ukudala isimo olukhethekile yokulondoloza imvelo. Mhlawumbe lena yiyona ndlela ngoba kubhekwa yezindawo best emhlabeni, kuphawulwa iziqondiso ngisho UNESCO uhlu.

On leli chibi siqhingi Olkhon. ONgcwele Ikhala inhlonhlo uhlukanisa echibini. IBaikal nezingxenye ezimbili. I yamanzi ukujula esiphezulu ifinyelela namakhulu amathathu namashumi ayisikhombisa nambili amamitha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, phansi yehla ngempela ngokucijile ezihlukahlukayo emithambekeni emaweni ngqo strip ugu. kodaka Ngo eduze ogwini noma ezimbili obukhulu iqala. Isikhathi esiningi phansi embozwe inqwaba izingodo, iziphunzi futhi yonke izihlahla lushone.

Echibini elikhulu kunawo wonke e-Eastern eSiberia ezintathu namashumi amathathu nesithupha nemingenela, abaluleke kakhulu yiwona Upper Angara futhi Tunguska. IBaikal eyaziwa amanzi esobala futhi crystal ecacile. Ngu-December, leli chibi eqandisiwe kanye ice uyeza off ngoMeyi. Phakathi nezinyanga zasebusika iqhwa sihamba ngqo Umzila wezohwebo, ngenkathi ehlobo lapho Inkampani ngenkuthalo kwenziwe. Amanzi ngempela kubanda - umoya ashaye away ebusweni ungqimba efudumele njalo ukuxuba ngayo ngokujulile. Kusukela entwasahlobo kuze Agasti kukhona inkungu obukhulu.

Ucwaningo lwamuva luye lwabonisa ukuthi leli chibi uhlalwe ezihlukahlukene mollusk ezingenamgogodla, kanye nani elihlaba umxhwele ukuthi kunezinhlobo zezinhlanzi ezingaphezu. Amazing amanzi ukuthi sisagqame ngisho ngaphansi eqhweni, kuyinto lwaleli, eyaziwa embulungeni yonke - ukubheka ebusweni nasici zonke eChibini iBaikal evakashela abantu abavela emhlabeni wonke. Nokho, eziwohlokayo isimo kwemvelo emhlabeni kungaholela ukunyamalala zalesi simo - ichibi ulahlekelwa nobumsulwa Ungashintsha kakhulu emashumini eminyaka ezayo.

Taimyr

amanzi Inland Eastern baseSiberia buthatha ezihlukahlukene ezahlukene izici engavamile. Ngokwesibonelo, Lake Taimyr owaziwa Kuyathakazelisa ngoba Northerly kakhulu emhlabeni. It agelezela emfuleni igama elifanayo - Taimyr. Leli chibi itholakala kude ngaphezu kwe-Arctic Circle, futhi iphuzu esisenyakatho isezingeni degrees ayisikhombisa nesithupha ka-latitude. Njengoba ezinye imifula Eastern eSiberia, ichibi ifakwa eqhweni izinyanga eziningi onyakeni. Thina zitholakala ngasogwini siqhingi - abayikho ukuma ezahlukene isiyingi, ogwini olunamadwala namawa, abanye basuke izinguzunga zeqhwa. Kuyaziwa ukuthi Lake ezaziwayo. Taimyr itholakala endaweni kwake kwaba ngaphansi kolwandle. Lokhu kuthinta ngempumuzo ezweni Echibini ezizungezile. Ucwaningo we ugu lwenziwe kule forties kwekhulu weshumi nesishiyagalombili - babehilelekile lokhu abahambi abadumile Laptev Chekin futhi Chelyuskin.

echibini Khantayskoye

Enye umzimba omkhulu wamanzi etholakala engxenyeni eseningizimu yeNhlonhlo Taimyr. Abantu bendawo ukuyibiza ehlukile - Kutarmo. inguqulo ye "Big Khantayskoye" yaziwa. Eduze edolobhaneni igama elifanayo, okuyinto yasungulwa engamashumi ayisishiyagalombili edlule.

Lokhu emanzini kubhekwa azifani ngenxa Ukujula kwawo - kungaba amamitha angu angamakhulu amane lamatshumi amabili, yesibili yoLwandle iCaspian kanye iChibi iBaikal. Lake Khantayskoye welula amakhilomitha ayisishiyagalombili eside futhi amabili nanhlanu ububanzi, ahlanganise indawo engaba amakhilomitha square ayisishiyagalombili namashumi amabili nambili. Ichibi itholakala umcengezi ephathelene nokunyakaza kwezingqimba zomhlaba-glacial, esemgwaqweni ngezihlahla futhi lisendaweni Putorana elisemandleni ezingeni ukuphakama kwamamitha ayisithupha nanhlanu ngaphezu kogu lolwandle. Nge echibini eliseduze ngokuthi Small Khantayskoye ke uxhuma isiteshi. Le ndawo itholakala ngenhla kwe-Arctic Circle, ngakho isimo sezulu ejwayelekile esifundeni, okubi kakhulu - nansi indawo Iqhwa, ngakho amanzi abandayo kakhulu Hantayskogo echibini, futhi unyaka wonke.

Kara kolwandle

amanzi Domestic Eastern eSiberia futhi kuxhumene ngokuqondile amadamu zangaphandle. Ngakho-ke, yilutho ukuhlola esifundeni nolwandle. Ngokwesibonelo, Kara, okuyinto likhona iqembu laseSiberia Arctic. It ibhekisela ohlotsheni yezwekazi kwezilwandle eziseceleni nemibhalo yakha iphethelo Eastern eSiberia enyakatho nesifunda. Indawo amakhilomitha square ayisishiyagalombili namashumi ayisishiyagalombili nantathu namakhulu, okwenza kube enye yezindawo ezinkulu kakhulu. Umthamo wamanzi ifinyelela ayisishiyagalolunye nesishiyagalombili cubic metres. Ukujula isilinganiso ilingana komunye neshumi kanye esiphezulu - amamitha angamakhulu ayisithupha. Amanzi eziningi archipelagos, okuyinto zitholakala ngasogwini. Ngo kubanda, ulwandle phezu kwezinye izindawo lapho windstorms. Cyclone amabhere entshonalanga kusezweni emoyeni mass efudumele, avame ke kunjalo ngo-February. Khona-ke entwasahlobo iza, emoyeni heats ngokushesha, futhi Le nyanga yaziwa ngokushisa kuyinto Julayi, lapho amazinga okushisa ongafinyelela ogwini ukuze uhlanganise amabili degrees Celsius. ULwandle Kara ubaluleke kakhulu esifundeni ngoba abaningi aphonseke emfuleni Eastern eSiberia ngo-ke. Ngokwesibonelo, kuba ob futhi Yenisei.

izici zezulu

Isimo sezulu kunoma iyiphi indawo kunqunywa indawo yayo ezindawo. Isimo sokukhululeka ngokwenkolo Eastern Siberia, usuke e-Atlantic Ocean kungenziwa ngokuthi leli zwekazi. Lokhu kusho wawubona yezinkathi ezithile lokushisa ezihlukile, amafu amancane kwezulu awusindi kakhulu. Ebusika sezulu kunqunywa anticyclone Asian. Lokhu kusho ukuthi emini abanamandla lokushisa ekushintshashintsheni kungenzeka. Kwakheka iqhwa, izinga lokushisa lingehla ukuze lokususa amane, ayimigodi - njengoba low lokususa ayisithupha. Kulokhu ukufika mass efudumele kungase kwandise izinga lokushisa kuze kufinyelele osukwini zero. Summer zasezindaweni ivela entshonalanga futhi unikeze isamba umxhwele kwezulu. Inombolo yonyaka wabo zokhahlamba kusuka ayikhulu namashumi amathathu komunye ayizinkulungwane amamilimitha angu.

Imibandela ekhethekile nethambile ezahlukene Central laseSiberia Plateau. Insimu Yakutia libhekene aridity, njengoba endaweni iBaikal eduze izimo ulwandle, ngenxa yobukhulu enkulu echibini. Okungenani kule ndawo kwezulu awe February no-March. Isimo sokukhululeka ngokwenkolo Eastern eSiberia kudala izimo amahlathi aluhlaza ezimboze amaningi ala masimu, kanye Isinyathelo - abayikho ngisho degrees ayisithupha enyakatho nenkabazwe. Isimo sezulu zimbi kulezi zindawo enikeziwe eSiberia indawo eliyingozi emlandweni - naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi imithombo yemvelo yesifunda kukhona ukujula umxhwele, emigodini ejulile futhi abandayo njalo wenza leli zwe indawo edingisiwe. Kuze kube namuhla, ezindaweni eziningi ukuhlala lingenamuntu ngomuntu, ekulondolozeni imvelo acwebile ngokunembile ngenxa izimo ezinzima sezulu.

Biota

kwemithombo yemvelo eMpumalanga eSiberia enkulu futhi ezihlukahlukene. Kulapha kukhiqizwe main izinkuni. izihlahla zesifunda amelwa zinhlobo ezifana zikaphayini, umsedari, * nomthidari, sonwele futhi larch. Ngaphezu kwalokho, empumalanga yeSiberia iyikhaya izilwane eziningi ezihlukahlukene. Omunye eziphilayo ezibalulekile kakhulu amaprotheni. Ezintabeni nendawo eyayihlala marmots, eKamchatka kanye black eneziqongo. Emahlathini ungakwazi ukuhlangabezana Asian ukhuni amagundane, voles eSiberia. Izilwane eNcwadini Red beaver Tuvan wendawo. On osebeni Yenisei ukuhlangabezana Asian eside tailed phansi izingwejeje. Ezindaweni Boreal izilwane ezingavamile kakhulu futhi engavamile kubhekwa lemming, baphile khona njengoba izimvukuzane kanye nezinye izinhlobo. Amalulwane ethulwa nebhantshi lesikhumba futhi nelulwane Daubenton sika.

zinhlobo izinambuzane laphayana okuncinyane. Izilwane ezincane ethulwa shrews kanye onogwaja Dahurian. EMpumalanga laseSiberia ehlathini siphile amabhere ansundu, i-moose futhi ama-lynx, izimpungushe, izimbila kanye ferrets. izinyamazane Evamile futhi Sable, kanti kwezinye izindawo kukhona izinyamazane Roe, flying izingwejeje, nonogwaja kanye namagundane. Ukungafani lemihlatshelo lezi kwemithombo yemvelo eMpumalanga eSiberia, inikeza isimo salo mlando omunye ezifundeni impahla eluhlaza.