I ezindawo indawo nePacific: incazelo kanye izici

Pacific (nebalazwe ikuvumela ukuba zibukeke ukubona lapho) - isakhi wamanzi emhlabeni. He is ngobukhulu emhlabeni iplanethi. Ngu umthamo wamanzi futhi endaweni esachazwa into kuthatha isigamu ivolumu yokukhula komzimba wonke amanzi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwaba elwandle eliKhulu iPacific kuyizinto ukucindezeleka ejulile Zomhlaba. Ngenani iziqhingi ezisebusweni endaweni, futhi uthatha indawo yokuqala. Ugeza ogwini zonke amazwekazi Zomhlaba, ngaphandle Afrika.

sici

Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, isikhundla ezindawo ka the Pacific Ocean kungenxa ukuze ithatha ingxenye enkulu yale planethi. endaweni yayo - abayizigidi ezingu 178 km ^{2 ..} Ngu umthamo wamanzi - abayizigidi ezingu 710 amakhilomitha ^{2 ..} Ukusuka enyakatho kuya eningizimu, ulwandle ibanga ayizinkulungwane 16 amakhilomitha, futhi kusukela empumalanga kuya entshonalanga -. Ayizinkulungwane 18 km .. Zonke ezweni iplanethi enguMhlaba ngeke babe endaweni lincane Pacific 30 million. ² km.

imingcele

Indawo okwakukhona kuyo ePacific kuyivumela ubamba indawo umxhwele South futhi ukuthi aseNyakatho Nenkabazwe. Nokho, ngenxa lemali enkulu yezwe e amanzi yokugcina kakhulu ayisesemikhulu enyakatho.

Imingcele Pacific zimi kanje:

• Ngasempumalanga: it washa zathu yeka ogwini amazwekazi amabili American.
• Enyakatho: Ngasemdeni ke ka engxenyeni eseningizimu-mpumalanga yesifundazwe Eurasia, iziqhingi eMalaysia nase-Indonesia, onqenqemeni empumalanga ye-Australia.
• Esikhathini eningizimu: Ocean kuhlala yiqhwa elimboze i-Antarctica.
• Enyakatho: ngokusebenzisa iBering Strait, ohlukanisa i-US Alaska futhi Russian Chukotka, okuhlanganisiwe ne amanzi e-Arctic Ocean.
• Esikhathini eningizimu-mpumalanga, ngokuba i-Drake uMzila uxhuma Atlantic Ocean (umngcele esinikelweko we Cape Cape Shternek Drake).
• Ngo eningizimu-ntshonalanga: lihlangabezana -Indian Ocean (. Ngu umngcele esinikelweko saseTasmania futhi ngalokudze kakhulu amaphuzu Meridian elise ngasogwini Antarctica).

Challenger Deep

isikhundla ezemvelo Pacific Ocean enze kube nokwenzeka ukuba ukhulume uphawu lwakhe oluyingqayizivele ephawula ibanga kusuka phansi kuya kwamanzi. Inani eliphezulu Pacific Ocean ukujula, kanye zonke izilwandle zomhlaba wonkana - mayelana 11 km. Ingabe lo wokuxovela e Mariana Trench, okuyinto yena, itholakala engxenyeni esentshonalanga yendawo, eduze esiqhingini eponymous.

Okokuqala zama vymeryat ingaphakathi ukujula wazama ngo-1875 yi-corvette British "Challenger". Ngenxa yale njongo, eziningi ezijulile (idivayisi ekhethekile sokulinganisa ibanga kuya phansi). Ukusebenza sokuqala esilotshwe ngesikhathi emikhombeni cwaningo ukumaka kancane kuka 8000 amamitha. Ngo-1957, isilinganiso ukujula wathatha uhambo Soviet. Ngokusekelwe imiphumela le datha umsebenzi kusukela izifundo langaphambilini ashintshiwe. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ososayensi bethu zokusondelana ukubaluleka langempela. I we emseleni kusukela izilinganiso ukujula, kwaba 11.023 m. Lesi sibalo Sekuyisikhathi eside kubhekwe kahle, futhi wabahlinzeki kanye nezincwadi icaciswe njengoba iphuzu kwangempela emhlabeni. . Nokho, kowezi-2000, sibonga ukuvela zomculo ezintsha, eqonde kakhulu ezisiza ukuchaza namanani ahlukene sezisunguliwe ngu kudoti lokhu ukujula othembeke kunabo - 10 994 m (Research 2011). Lokhu iphuzu Mariana Trench ngokuthi "Challenger Deep". isimo Ngakho esingavamile futhi ekhethekile ezindawo ka the Pacific Ocean.

Emseleni ngokwayo eqhubeka eduze eliyisiqhingi acishe 1500 km. Anakho emithambekeni abukhali futhi elula flat for 1.5 km, phansi. Ingcindezi ngesikhathi kweMariana ukujula yezilwane amashumi amaningana izikhathi kunaleyo ekujuleni elincane olwandle. Trench zilapho kuhlangana khona izingqimba ezimbili zomhlaba - Philippine kanye Pacific.

nezinye izindawo

Eceleni Mariana Trench, uyagijima eziningi inguqulelo izifunda esuka ezwekazini iye olwandle: i-Aleutian esijwayelekile, eJapane, Kuril-eKamchatka, Tonga-Kermadekskaya nabanye. Bonke zitholakala eduze iphutha kuhlangana khona izingqimba zomhlaba. Le ndawo kakhulu ukugadlwa ukuzamazama komhlaba asebenzayo. Bekanye Oriental inguqulelo izifunda (ngaphakathi eziseceleni entabeni entshonalanga yezwekazi US), akha okuthiwa Ring of Fire. Iningi indlela okwakheke ngayo asebenzayo futhi yokuqothulwa Geological akhiwe ngaphakathi kwemingcele yalo.

izilwandle

Incazelo isimo ezindawo ka the Pacific kufanele uthinte kolwandle. Ngesikhathi emaphethelweni ogwini wasolwandle wabo zitholakala ngempela inombolo enkulu. Bagxila ikakhulukazi ukuthi aseNyakatho Nenkabazwe, ngasogwini Eurasia. Yabo mkhulu kuka-20, endaweni Imininingwane (kuhlanganise besebunzimeni nasemathekwini) e 31 Mill. ^Km2. Beach elikhulu Pacific Ocean: Sea of Okhotsk, oLwandle uBarents, Yellow, waseNingizimu kanye East China, Philippine nabanye. Ngasogwini Antarctic 5 Pacific amadamu (Ross Urville, Somova et al.). nogu oluphezulu eMpumalanga olwandle - iyunifomu, slaboizrezanny ogwini, kunzima ukufinyelela nolwandle asipheli. Nokho, kukhona 3 Gulf - Panama, California ne-Alaska.

iziqhingi

Yiqiniso, incazelo eningiliziwe indawo koLwandle iPacific kuhlanganisa isici njengoba omningi umhlaba, etholakala ngqo endaweni amanzi. Kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-10 eziyinkulungwane. Islands futhi isiqhingi archipelagos letingemasayizi lahlukene kanye nemvelaphi yazo. Iningi lazo - mlilo. Basuke etholakala ngaphakathi nakwezifudumele futhi ezishisayo nesimo sezulu esishintshashintshayo. Kwakheka ngenxa ukuqhuma kwentaba-mlilo, abantu abaningi bakule ziqhingi 'zaziyizindawo igcwele amarubi. Ngemva kwalokho, ezinye zazo futhi waya ngaphansi kwamanzi, futhi uhlala kuphela ungqimba ebusweni coral. Wayevame uthatha uhlobo embuthanweni noma ephuma kabili mbuthano. Lesi siqhingi ibizwa ngokuthi i isiqhingi. Elikhulu kunawo wonke itholakala emngceleni wama-Marshall Islands - Kvadzhleyn.

Kule ndawo amanzi, ngaphandle eziqhingini ezincane kwezintaba-mlilo futhi coral, futhi kukhona izindawo ezinkulu ezweni eMhlabeni. Lokhu kungokwemvelo, banikezwe indawo ePacific Ocean. New Guinea naseBorneo - engxenyeni esentshonalanga ye amanzi isiqhingi. Bona ngokulandelana hlala ezindaweni 2 kanye 3rd endaweni emhlabeni wonke. Futhi elwandle eliKhulu iPacific kuyinto qoqo leziqhingi Kunawo Wonke Emhlabeni - Greater Sunda Islands, ehlanganisa 4 izindawo enkulu yezwe futhi ezingaphezu kuka-1 000 amancane.