Uhlu uthi ebumbeneko: izici kudivayisi yamazwe ahlukene

Ngo indoda kukhona amazwe nezindawo engaphansi ezingaphezu kuka-200. Sinenkosi nezimiso zezombusazwe ezihlukahlukene, ezahlukene endaweni, kwamasiko nokuphila kwansuku sabantu, maqondana nenkolo. Kodwa umehluko oyinhloko kula mazwe ngenxa iyunithi zabo zokuphatha kanye indawo. Kulesi sisekelo zonke uthi zihlukaniswe ebumbeneko, federal noma confederal. Inzalo enkulu ngaso sonke isikhathi esigabeni sokuqala.

Umqondo inarha ebumbeneko

Ngomqondo obanzi, idivayisi ebumbeneko bona ifomu yenhlangano kazwelonke-isimo ezindaweni lapho zonke izingxenye zezwe yizona ngaphansi kokulawula okuyinkambiso kahulumeni. Insimu futhi kudlulela isimiso semithetho, izintela kanye nemisebenzi, ngaphandle amalungelo nemithetho ekhulula umuntu.

Unitarianism - omunye 3 izinhlobo isakhiwo zokuphatha kanye kakhulu "ethandwa". Okwamanje, uhlu uthi ebumbeneko, kukhona 85% kuwo wonke amazwe nezindawo emhlabeni. Amazwe endala kakhulu emhlabeni (Europe, Afrika nase-Asia) ube ukuphathwa kwenhlangano. Kungaba inamithiselwe ejwayelekile, uMthethosisekelo (Poland, Spain, Greece, Portugal nokunye.) Noma umane isho.

Izinhlobo uthi ngesimo amayunithi zokuphatha

Kuye ukubunjwa zonke izifunda zezwe ebumbeneko ihlukaniswe izinhlobo:

1. Simple - isimo yakhiwa izifunda nge isimo esisodwa. Ngokwesibonelo, Egypt siqukethe izifundazwe 27 alinganayo, ngalinye elikwazi ihlukaniswe ngezigodi, kanti labo ithuba ngeenyingi.

2. Complex - uma kukhona ingxenye eyodwa noma ngaphezulu amayunithi indawo enesimo ekhethekile. Kulesi ukuzimela kungaba zokuphatha (olunye ulimi yokuxoxisana kanye nobulungiswa) noma zezombangazwe (ngakwesokudla yezinhlelo zokwenziwa kwemithetho ngaphakathi esifundeni). Kaningi izindawo kuleli zwe zinesikhathi zokulingana nasesifundeni sase-dolobha osesimweni ekhethekile (Indonesia).

Esikhathini uthi ebumbeneko nedivaysi eziyinkimbinkimbi - Spain, Tajikistan, China, eDenmark, eFinland nabanye.

Izinhlobo uthi ngokusho indlela yenhlangano kwamandla

Ngesisekelo ukuphathwa wezwe zimi kanje:

1. eyodwa - ohulumeni akhiwa ngandlela, basesimweni yokwehlayo esiqinile futhi kwakuwukuthi, osebenza ngaphakathi kwegunya layo. Phakathi kwalezi uthi Kazakhstan, Belarus ne-China.

2. endlalekile - izindikimba izixhumanisi ukulawula kula mazwe tisebenta akhethwe (izikhulu) futhi akukho ukwengamela komqondisi ku-abantu abavamile uhulumeni. Esikhathini uthi ebumbeneko yalolu hlobo imfundo mikhulu - Sweden, France, Denmark, Italy kanye nabanye.

3. ezixutshiwe - lizwe has eyodwa ukuphathwa uhlelo, kodwa kwezinye izindawo nge isimo ekhethekile bakhethelwa izikhulu noma amagunya.

Izibonelo amazwe eNgophezukonke nedivaysi ebumbeneko

Izwe ngobukhulu hegemonic babe isakhiwo sikahulumeni (Russia, e-USA), kodwa amaningi emazweni iminotho athuthukile, okuyinto badlala indima ebalulekile enkundleni ngamazwe, kusadingeka inhlangano efanayo. Ngekhulu xxi uhlu uthi ebumbeneko kushintsha njalo, ukungeza amalungu amasha. Ngokwesibonelo, ngasekupheleni stoleniya zokugcina sekukhona isimo Kosovo, futhi ngo-2014 ihlelwe DNR futhi LNR.

Okwamanje, inani lamazwe nedivaysi ebumbeneko by izingxenye ukukhanya basakaza kanje:

Esikhathini uthi ebumbeneko Europe angaphandle kufanele sigxile kulokho okubizwa ngokuthi amazwe yemifino (Monaco, Luxembourg, San Marino, Liechtenstein). Futhi ebumbeneko, futhi abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi division lesifunda bengakwenzi. Lokhu akulona iqiniso ngokuphelele, njengoba Monaco - i nhlanganisela ezisemadolobheni, okuholela ngemva kokuhlangana kwezifunda ezine. Imingcele nezokuphatha ezindaweni agcinwe ngekhulu xxi. Ngo San Marino (indawo sq 61 kuphela. Km) zikhona 9 izifunda, ngokuthi "Castelli". Luxembourg, esikhundleni salokho, ihlukaniswe cantons.

Uhlu uthi ebumbeneko kanye federal ine 199 izikhundla (171 28 ngokulandelana), kodwa ngaphansi kwethonya zinhlekelele kwezomnotho kanye nezepolitiki Eminyakeni yamuva kulolu hlu njengoba nje izinguquko kungenzeka.