Ukuphi ezintabeni aseCordillera? Cordillera Izintaba: incazelo

Cordillera - ezintabeni, uhlelo omkhulu ohlanganisa margin esentshonalanga ezwekazini i-Nyakatfo Melika. Bona yokwelula cishe izinkulungwane 7. Km. Cordillera - ezintabeni, ezihlukahlukene izimo zemvelo. Inombolo yezici, basuke libhekene, futhi ichaza ulimi lwawo luhluke phakathi kwezinye izinhlelo entabeni le planethi.

izici Jikelele Cordilleras

Ukuphi ezintabeni aseCordillera? Ithanda awabonisi endaweni submeridional isiqondiso. Phakathi amabhande ezinhlanu orotektonicheskih bobudala obungefani kwakhiwa lezi zintaba. Cordilleras yakhiwa ingxenye enkulu ezinkangala (ayizinkulungwane 2,5-3. Amamitha noma ngaphezulu ngaphezu kolwandle). Sinenkosi mlilo asebenzayo futhi seismicity okusezingeni eliphezulu. Ubude enkulu yezintaba ukusuka enyakatho kuya eningizimu futhi bamyisa yokubakhona sebuningini spectra ka altitudinal esishintshashintshayo. Cordillera - ezintabeni, kwakheka at kwalapho phakathi amapuleti lithospheric. Umngcele phakathi kwabo kucishe emgqeni ogwini.

Ukwakheka Cordilleras

Ingxenye yesithathu ka endaweni yonke izwekazi usesikhundleni uhlelo entabeni nesibaya-block. It has a ububanzi 800-1600 km. Ngo ngezithako zawo kuhlanganisa entabeni Amathafa, agcwalise intermountain, emikhulu kanye Amathafa mlilo kanye izintaba. ukusonteka Young, mlilo, siye zabhekana denudation aseCordillera, okuyinto kunqunywa ukubukeka kwazo kwamanje futhi ngisifihlele eziningi izakhiwo Geological uvele ekuqaleni. heterogeneous kakhulu uhlelo entabeni zombili transverse nesiqondiso longitudinal.

Imininingwane engeziwe mayelana nokwakheka Cordilleras

Azilingani ebusweni isakhiwo kuleli zwekazi, lapho izintaba aseCordillera. Akulesi engxenyeni esentshonalanga, yilapho esempumalanga - ezintabeni ongaphakeme namathafa enkulu. Engxenyeni esentshonalanga itholakala endaweni engamamitha mayelana 1,700 amamitha, nasempumalanga - 200-300 amamitha 720 amamitha ukuphakama isilinganiso nezwekazi ..

Cordillera - ezintabeni, ngokuba e ngezithako zawo eziningi entabeni lwesikhathi ukuthi wandise ngokuvamile ohlangothini ovela enyakatho-ntshonalanga kuya eningizimu-mpumalanga. Kusukela edolobheni Mackenzie, XP. Brooks, empumalanga eziNtabeni ZaseRocky siqukethe arc. ibhande Kweseva kwakhiwa kusukela ithafa kwangaphakathi futhi lisendaweni ephakeme etholakala entshonalanga lezi amabanga. ayizinkulungwane 1-2. Amamitha yokuphakama kwabo. Cordillera - ezintabeni, kuhlanganise ithafa elandelayo futhi lisendaweni ephakeme: Plateau Yukon, Columbia Plateau futhi Plateau of British Columbia, le Basin Omkhulu, Colorado Plateau, ithafa ithafa mlilo le Meseta Central (kwangaphakathi okuyingxenye). Isikhathi esiningi basuke kushintshana emigodini, emikhulu futhi flat evele canteens.

Intaba ephakeme kunazo

Cordillera ka engxenyeni esentshonalanga ye ohlelweni imakwe lamagquma eliphakeme. Lokhu Aleutian esijwayelekile Range, Ridge Aleutian esijwayelekile Islands, Alaska Range. Kugcine ifinyelela ukuphakama 6193 amamitha. It McKinley okuvezwe lapha esithombeni ngenhla iyintaba ephakeme kunazo zonke. Cordillera - uhlelo, okubandakanya engxenyeni esentshonalanga kanye Cascade Mountains, oGwini Izintaba Canada, Sierra Madre Occidental kanye Sierra Nevada, kanye transverse Volcanic Sierra lapha elise le ntaba-mlilo Orizaba (5,700 metres), kanye nabanye.

Entshonalanga, ukuphakama kuyehla kubo. Cordillera - ezintabeni, okuyinto kahle ku engxenyeni flat zaleli zwekazi. Wakhe uthathe entshonalanga noma amatheku (California, Puget Sound, Cook) noma plain (Central Valley, River Valley. Willamette). Leli zwekazi lolwandle kwakhiwa emikhulu St-Eliya, Chugachskim, Kenai, Isiqhingi Ridge eCanada nase-US Coast Range. Cordillera uchungechunge eningizimu ezinkangala eMexico bifurcate. East sinqatshiwe omunye wabo, ukwakha iziqhingi eWest Indies kanye ngwenya emikhulu, bese uya waseVenezuela Andes. Engxenyeni yesibili edonswa ngokusebenzisa Panama futhi Teuantepeksky izintamo ukuze Andes Colombian.

Kwaba namuphi ezihlukahlukene sezwe sezintaba?

Lihlobene nokubhekana ubuso izindawo ubudala ezweni ezihlukahlukene, kanye nomlando wabo yentuthuko. Hhayi kanye kwamiswa injalo manje ezwekazini. Cordillera ezintabeni injalo manje wasukuma ngokusebenzisa izinqubo ezihlukahlukene, zenzeka ngezikhathi ezahlukene kuleli zwekazi.

Ukuze Laurentian upland, kwasho izakhiwo Geological zasendulo impela, incwadi sezwe yokululama ebusweni kukhona isici, ukwakheka eqale e-ekuqaleni Paleozoic. ebusweni inamagquma okubangelwa ahlukahlukene ukumelana isigqugquzeli zanamuhla denudation amatshe futhi engalingani ukunyakaza zomhlaba. Wehlise ngumgogodla ezikhungweni zomsebenzi endaweni kwaholela ekutheni izikhulu zibonise lingaphandle glaciation eziNgekho ngaPhansi kukaHulumeni, ngenxa okuyinto kwakhiwa izimbotshana yesimanje Hudson Bay. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ushukunyiswa yiwo kube khona ekuqongeleleni amanzi glacial moraine inzika esakha uhlobo impumuzo (moraine inamagquma).

Omkhulu futhi Central Valley ningabaleli kwesigubhu hlobo. Ngaphansi kwethonya denudation izinqubo ezindaweni ezahlukene, kuncike izici nesenzakalo yamadwala ezihlukahlukene, kwamiswa cuesta emikhulu (the Lakes Omkhulu), wangenela ithafa (emaThafeni Omkhulu), Midlands futhi emathafeni ukuguguleka (Ouachita, Ozark).

sezwe kunzima kakhulu futhi Cordilleras ngokwabo. Band kokucindezelwa we uqweqwe ewela ngamaphutha eminingi, kusukela ekujuleni kolwandle futhi uphela phansi. Ayikahlanganiswa ukuqedela izinqubo orogenic. Lokhu kufakazelwa mlilo (isib, iPopocatepetl futhi Orizaba), kanye nokuzamazama komhlaba okukodwa okunamandla ezenzeka lapha ngezikhathi ezithile.

amaminerali

Njengoba wazi, eziningi amaminerali ezahlukene zingatholakala kuphi lapho kukhona khona izintaba. Cordillera - iyathinteka. Kukhona nenqwaba izinsimbi non-ayoni futhi ayoni. Non-metallic uwoyela bungabonakala, esemgwaqweni imicengezi intermountain. Okubekiwe ka lignite kukhona zonke eziNtabeni zaseRocky esifundeni (emigodini yabo kwangaphakathi).

Isimo sezulu

Isici sezulu kuzoqhubeka incazelo ezintabeni. Cordillera lihamba ocean emoyeni uquqaba. Ngenxa yalokhu, ithonya ocean sesibuthakathaka kakhulu ohlangothini olungasempumalanga. Lesi sici zezulu aseCordillera kubonakala enhlabathini nezitshalo, ukuthuthukiswa glaciation yesimanje, izingxenye altitudinal. Elula ukusuka enyakatho kuya eningizimu izintaba inquma umehluko lokushisa ehlobo nasebusika. Ebusika zokhahlamba kusuka -24 ° C (e Alaska region) kuya +24 ° C (eMexico, eningizimu yezwe). Ehlobo izinga lokushisa ifinyelela kusukela +4 ukuba +20 ° C.

imvula

Esikhathini enyakatho-ntshonalanga uwela imvula eliphezulu kakhulu. Iqiniso lokuthi le ngxenye aseCordillera itholakala endleleni imimoya ntshonalanga ohlabayo kusukela oLwandle olukhulu lwasePacific. Imvula lapha - mayelana 3000 mm. Ingabe zindawo ngaphansi olumanzi ezishisayo, njengoba wasolwandle emoyeni uquqaba musa afinyelele kubo. imvula okuphansi usichazela zamanje abandayo egeleza ngasogwini. Yangaphakathi Cordillera ezinkangala futhi oswakanyiswe okuningi. Izintaba kubekwe phakathi ngokulinganisela Arctic, nakwezifudumele futhi ezishisayo nesimo sezulu esishintshashintshayo.

Imifula kanye namachibi aseCordillera

Enkulukazi ingxenye imifula entshonalanga zaleli zwekazi has kwaqala ngokungenaphutha Cordilleras. Ikakhulu ukudla kwabo iqhwa ku ehlobo kufika uzamcolo. Lezi emifuleni entabeni, nesinamawala. Umhlangano omkhulu kunayo yonke kubo - Colorado futhi Columbia. Glacial noma mlilo, amachibi Cordillera. On maphakathi nezwe Amathafa nosawoti kukhona emanzini angajulile. Sekuyisikhathi eside It izinsalela yayikhona lapha ngesikhathi nesimo esimanzi, amachibi amakhulu.

izwe yemifino

flora zahlukahlukene kakhulu aseCordillera. emahlathini coniferous nge ukubukeka esiyingqayizivele elise-40 ° c. w. Ukwakheka zinhlobo, bacebile kakhulu. Fir, umsayipuresi, * nomthidari, thuja (obomvu umsedari) abamele ejwayelekile wabo. Ukuphakama conifer kuyinto 80 amamitha. Phakathi kwabo nhlobo esinindolweni bok. Nokho, ezihlukahlukene nezihlahla zikhule lapha ngokuchichimayo. Abaningi e ikhava kwesizathu wona kanye Izinhlobo. Emahlathini coniferous ngenkathi bathuthela eningizimu aqala ukuwela pine ushukela, fir omhlophe, ophuzi zikaphayini. Evergreen Sequoia livela eningizimu olwengeziwe. Njengoba kome 42 ° eningizimu. w., nezihlahla esikhundleni ihlathi. Bona zokhuni, heather, futhi ukuphakama yabo akavamile idlule amamitha amabili. Lapha ungakwazi ngezinye izikhathi ukuthola izinhlobo ezahlukene oki siluhlaza. Umswakama sezulu ezindaweni ezimaphakathi nezwe aseCordillera incipha. Kubo kukhona isici amahlathi omile, kanye izindawo halophytic futhi sagebrush ehlane. Elithola imvula emithambekeni yezintaba embozwe kuze ukuphakama 1200 m siluhlaza amahlathi.

Izilwane ezihlala ezintabeni aseCordillera

Lapho Cordillera ezintabeni zitholakala, ungathola brown bear grizzly - nomzingeli elikhulu lase-Nyakatfo Melika. Bear American black bear, kokuba noboya black eside, uhlala eningizimu-ntshonalanga zalesi simiso. Uqothula izinkomo bonakalise izitshalo. Futhi, kukhona lynxes eziningi, izimpungushe nezimpisi. Ezingxenyeni ezingaphakathi eningizimu yezintaba Avame ukutholakala eyisinambuzane, izibankwa, izinyoka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, akuhlali gila - kuphela esinesihlungu isibankwa legless. izilwane ezinkulu ezindaweni lapho kuhlala khona abantu, noma abafa noma ezingavamile kakhulu. Bison futhi pronghorn (izinyamazane akuvamile ezenzeka) zigcinwa kuphela amandla izinhlelo North American kazwelonke. Kuphela izinqolobane kungabonakala nasemkhakheni namuhla nezilwane eziningi.