Salmon umndeni. Izinhlobo salmon

Salmon umndeni ingenye ezibaluleke kakhulu phakathi izinhlanzi kwezohwebo. inyama yabo ikhulumelani izakhiwo ezuzisayo, ngoba iqukethe omega-3. engayitholi yabo wezokudla emzimbeni womuntu sehlise izinga cholesterol egazini, futhi ngaleyo ndlela kusiza ukuvimbela izifo ezihlukahlukene yisimiso senhliziyo nemithambo yegazi.

Incazelo umndeni

Salmon mkhaya inhlanzi nge kunalokho side, zibe maholoholo umzimba. ikhanda labo nqunu, izimpondo bengekho. The main lolwehlukanisa lo mkhaya zezinhlanzi - khona adipose fin, esingeyena ukukhanya. Baphinde babe fin amaphiko, kukhona phakathi imisebe 10 kuya 16. Amehlo izinhlanzi salmon embozwe zamabhodlela okusobala. Izinsikazi babe amaqanda kusukela amaqanda singena ingaphakathi lomzimba, futhi khona ngokusebenzisa izimbobo - emanzini. Thola izinhlobo ezahlukene salmon, kodwa zonke zibe esinye isici. Abantu bayakwazi ukushintsha ukubukeka kwabo kuncike zezemvelo, kanye zabo emjikelezweni wokuphila. Ngokwesibonelo, ukubukeka kwabo kuba ezahlukene ngesikhathi zidala. Ziyakwazi ikakhulukazi ukungenwa izinguquko abesilisa labatfola uhlobo lomshado izingubo. umbala wabo kusukela grey iba nezinala namabala amnyama, obomvu noma elikhanyayo imajenta shades. Skin coarsens, likhula izikali. Jaws bent, sikhule amazinyo. On ngemuva kukhona idolo. Abacwaningi kukhona izinguqulo ezihlukene ukubukeka izimpaphe izinhlanzi zizalela. Ezinye ngemfanelo lokhu ukubuyela ukubukeka wawoyise, elinye - ukuba isenzo le-hormone, abanye bakholelwa ukuthi lolu shintsho kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuze akhange izinsikazi.

ngezigaba

Salmon umndeni, elimalungu alo abe inyama emnandi kakhulu futhi okunomsoco, zihlukaniswe subfamilies ezimbili:

• Empeleni Salmon;
• Whitefish.

Abameleli beNdikimba subfamily whitefish kuhluke umlomo omncane, izikali emikhulu kanye nezici isakhiwo Yekhanda. Oluthathwa izinhlanzi omndeni salmon, futhi okuqondene uhlanga oluthile:

• Pacific salmon ezitholakala Pacific. Izikali kukhona amaqanda obomvu-orange aphakathi nendawo nendawo noma ezincane, ezinkulu. Isici izimpilo zalaba izinhlanzi ingukufa yabo ngemva zidala. Izinhlobo salmon okuqondene tihookeansomu bohlobo: chum, salmon pink, coho salmon, Chinook, sockeye.

• Lezi salmon baye emifushane equkethe imisebe ambalwa fin Pacific kuka nozakwabo. izinyoni Young zinamazinyo ku ezingemuva amathambo Coulter. Lezi zinhlanzi futhi ngashintsha nokubukeka kwakhe evamile ngesikhathi "izingubo lomshado" phakathi nenkathi zidala, kodwa akazange avume ukufa ngemuva kuye. Zihlala ezingxenyeni ezisenyakatho Atlantic, Pacific Oceans. Bona ingatholakala oLwandle Olumnyama, le Aral, iCaspian kanye Baltic iziLwandle. Ukuze salmon yangempela isici elikhanyayo Umbala izikali.

• Loaches nazo ingxenye yomkhaya salmon, uhlu lwamagama abo, kodwa lithi akufanele ibe enkulu ukuthi we-salmon Pacific. Lokhu bohlobo kufana salmon wangempela, kodwa nabameleli bayo awunawo amazinyo kuya Coulter amathambo Umbala elikhanyayo zinamabala.

pink-salmon

ukudla inhlanzi Okubalulekile omkhaya salmon - salmon. Kuyinto abameleli eminingi iningi Pacific salmon. Salmon lolu hlobo naphakathi, eside ukufinyelela esiphezulu 76 cm, isisindo sabo esiphezulu - 5.5 kg. It uhlala Sea enyakatho yeJapane, ngasogwini eKamchatka e oLwandle Okhotsk. Isithombe se-salmon luyehluka kuye ngokuthi indawo nokuhlala kwakhe. At sea, izinhlanzi has a izikali elikhanyayo ngemuva eziningi izindawo ezincane ezimnyama. Njengoba sisondela salmon zidala bese ukwehla emfuleni (salmon, njengoba sishilo ukushintsha ukubukeka kwazo ngalesi sikhathi) iba nsundu, ikhanda kanye amaphiko - cishe abamnyama. Vele esiswini igcina umbala ubudala ukukhanya. Kwabesilisa endaweni emuva ikhula idolo omkhulu kakhulu Ushintshe emhlathini, lapho kukhona amazinyo.

Isilinganiso sobude bokuphila salmon pink - ezingu-18. Ngonyaka wesibili cishe bonke abantu ube ovuthiwe ngokobulili, balungiselela ziyozalela. Kwenzeka kusuka ngoJuni kuze September, isikhathi kuncike kule ndawo. izindawo zidala zitholakala emfuleni, elise ngempela eduze kolwandle. Kule ndaba, indlela kubo salmon Kudinga isikhathi esingaphansi kwamanye amalungu salmon Pacific. lokushisa kahle amanzi emifuleni zidala - kusukela degrees 6 kuya ku-14. Caviar-imisiwe nabesifazane zidala izinhlobo protuberance. Ekupheleni kuka-September, besuka izibungu, okuyinto Uthatha, kuye ngokuthi inkathi zidala, kuze January. Kusukela ngo-Ephreli kuya ku-July, kukhona movement in the gazinga ulwandle. Okokuqala, ukuthi akuphi ku izizalo zemifula, izindawo zisiwa emanzini angasogwini. Ngo-October, ngokuvamile iqala ngesikhathi besaphila olwandle.

inja-salmon

Enye ebalulekile kwezohwebo ukubaluleka izinhlanzi - a chum, isithombe okungase kutholakala ezincwadini wezinto eziphilayo. Cishe ihlala kulo lonke eNyakatho Pacific. Fish uba nombala esiliva, eshintsha ne zidala lusondela. Izikali amnyama, emzimbeni avele imivimbo ensundu. Ekuqaleni izinhlanzi zidala iba acishe black, umbala ushintsho, ngisho ulwanga nolimi. Keta, izithombe okwakwenza phakathi yokudla, kuyinto ngokuphelele ukuhluka lowo ethumba esikhathini sokungena emfuleni. Abamele le zilwane zihlukaniswe ihlobo noma ekwindla zilwane. Keta ehlobo uyaqhubeka zidala ekuqaleni kuka July - maphakathi no-August. It ifinyelela umkhawulo wobude 80 cm. Ekwindla chum salmon ikhula 1 m, isisindo salo sikhulu futhi kunakunoma izinyoni ehlobo. Lezi zinhlanzi eziyizimbangela ngasekupheleni kuka-August - ekuqaleni kuka-September. Chum zenyusa imifula kungaphezu salmon, indlela ngokuvamile kudinga isikhathi esiningi. Ngenxa yalokhu, izinhlanzi ngokuvamile eziyizimbangela kakade ngaphansi uqweqwe ice. Kulokhu, ukuze kuzuze izizukulwane ezaziyolandela chum ehlobo kukhona kungenzeka sokufa ngenxa okokuqandisa ezijulile ukusakaza ezincane, lapho lizalela amaqanda alo. Autumn chum eziyizimbangela ezindaweni lapho amanzi emhlabathini, hhayi kwi freezer kangaka, ngakho-ke Fry ukusinda kuze entwasahlobo, lapho aphume zidala lamachubu phansi elwandle.

obomvu salmon

Ezinye izinhlobo zayo eziningi zezinhlanzi has umndeni salmon. Abamele Pacific salmon - sockeye. I kabanzi kunazo ukusakaza le nhlanzi eduze nogu American ezimbili kuyiPacific Ocean. Inani elikhulu ayo alotshwe Alaska. On insimu yezwe lethu sockeye lingandile kangako ngaphandle chum noma salmon pink. Lokhu inhlanzi isondela ikakhulukazi imifula eKamchatka futhi Anadyr. Futhi le nhlanzi zenani elikhulu zomuntu umndeni salmon wavakashela River Kurile, Commander Islands. inyama yaso okukhanyayo ngombala, omuhle kakhulu, ukunambitheka enamandla egcwele.

Yayo ngesikhathi zasolwandle ukuphila sockeye salmon uba nombala silvery yomzimba, kuphela ngemuva ezimnyama imivimbo oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Isinyathelo esinqala sokushintsha ukubukeka kwakhe kule sizini kokuzalela. Pisces asigcizelela ngokwabo izinhlangothi okukhanyayo, ikhanda oluhlaza futhi amaphiko ebomvu. Isici zizalela izimpaphe pink chum salmon omnyama ngombala sockeye cishe ayikho. Kukhona kuphela izindawo ezincane black umsila noma emzimbeni. Zidala kuqala, ngokuvamile ngo-May noma u-June futhi ihlala kuze kube sekupheleni ehlobo. Ingxenye enkulu abasha yehla olwandle kuze kube unyaka ozayo emva kokukhululwa kwe-amaqanda, ebanjwa maphakathi no-ebusika. Abanye abantu asale emfuleni kuze kuphele iminyaka 3. Nokho, kukhona labo abenza ekwehleleni olwandle ngonyaka aphume amaqanda. Ukukhula sockeye safinyelela ngonyaka 6th zokuphila.

coho

Coho iningi salmon Pacific uthanda ukushisa. On insimu yezwe lethu akuyona ovamile, ogwini Asian ezimbili kuyiPacific Ocean ibhalwe ukuvakashelwa ogxile oqabukelayo yilezi inhlanzi emfuleni. Kaningi kuphela ezitholakala eKamchatka. Isici esiphawulekayo coho salmon - izikali zayo egqamile silvery. Phakathi zidala, kuba njengegazi. Ngo coho obuphelele bengase bazikhandlele mayelana 84 cm, usayizi isilinganiso ngabanye -. Cm 60 Ngaleso zidala coho iza sekwephuzile - ngasekupheleni September. Le nkathi ihlala cishe kuze kube nguMashi. Zidala wayevame ngaphansi kuqweqwe ice. amaqanda Fry emva 1-2 iminyaka yokuphila emfuleni, bese ukuwela ulwandle. Le nkathi yokuphila iDemo coho. Ukuze Ngomnyaka wesithathu ka-abantu ube ovuthiwe ngokobulili futhi bafe ngemuva zidala.

Chinook

Inkosi Salmon omele enkulu kakhulu emkhayeni salmon. Ubude bayo 90 cm ngokwesilinganiso, kodwa kukhona abantu olukhudlwana enesisindo 50 kg. Naphezu kwalokhu, Chinook sinenai commercial ezibalulekile, njengoba inombolo salo eRussia uphansi ezweni lethu. Hlangana salmon yinkosi ogwini Asian Pacific kuphela imifula eKamchatka, lapho kuziwa eziyizimbangela. Yena uqala kusukela maphakathi no-May iqhubeke kuze kube kulo lonke ehlobo. Chinook salmon eziyizimbangela ngokunganqikazi imisinga enamandla njengoba ngenxa yobukhulu balo uyakwazi ukumelana naye kahle. kwenza imbobo umsila ku shingle, okuyinto lizalela amaqanda alo. I gazinga atholakala emfuleni isikhathi eside ngokwanele, bese Roll phansi olwandle. Lesi sikhathi sokuphila Chinook kuthatha kusuka eminyakeni 4 kuya ku-7.

salmon yizicukuthwane

I-salmon yizicukuthwane ngokuvamile okuthiwa ama-salmon. Le nhlanzi omkhulu lafinyelela ubude ngamamitha cishe 1.5. isisindo salo ngaleyo ndlela kuze kube 39 kg. Faka umbala-salmon yizicukuthwane esiliva, ngenhla nje i-lateral line wayithola izindawo ezimbalwa amnyama okusikhumbuza ifomu yakhe uhlamvu u- "X". Izinhlangothi izikali umzimba abe tint bluish. Nagulivayas olwandle, salmon ekhasini izinhlanzi ezincane, ezinamagobolondo. Lapho kuqala zidala izinhlanzi yeka ukudla ngokuphelele wehlele komfula kuhle ewuthi lokuvungula. Wedding izingubo akuyona ekhululekile kakhulu. He is ukuhwalala esikalini emzimbeni futhi ukubukeka izindawo orange. Zidala senzeka, kuye ngokuthi ndawo izinhlanzi ekwindla noma ebusika. Salmon Roe ukuvuthwa kancane, kanye gazinga ziyaphuma ke kuphela kwentwasahlobo - Ekuqaleni kwehlobo. Noma kunjalo, ukuhlala isikhathi eside ukuphila ngamanzi agobhozayo. Ngesikhathi akhululwa abo olwandle kuhluka iminyaka 1 kuya 5. I abadala bafa sebedlulile zidala akuyona njalo, abanye izinhlanzi, naphezu abalulekile kwesisindo futhi amaphiko osugugile, angase abuyele olwandle. Kube basheshe kudliwa off futhi abuyiselwe, kuyilapho kabusha zidala salmon yizicukuthwane ebonwe ezingavamile kakhulu. Lezi zinhlanzi aphila iminyaka engaba ngu-13.

salmon trout

Trout, noma salmon-trout, ungabahlukanisa kusukela umbala wekuvana salmon. I izindawo emzimbeni wakhe zitholakala kokubili ngaphansi nangaphezulu lateral line. Ekhanda futhi amaphiko fin ahlelwe round namabala amnyama. Uhlala trout e Sea, oLwandle iBaltic, ne-Aral Sea. Nokho, lokho akusho ukwenza kube Ukuthuthwa olunzulu njengoba exhumene kakhulu amanzi ahlanzekile. Ngo trout obuphelele ifinyelela 30 kuya 70 cm esisindo kusuka 1 kuya ku 5 kg. Ngokungafani salmon ezihloniphekayo, salmon trout, uya eziyizimbangela, kuqhubeka ukondla, nakuba ayengazi okukhulu njengoba olwandle. Fry abavuthiwe kusuka eminyakeni 3 kuya ku-7, bese ukuya olwandle.

echibini trout

Lake trout - a trout ukuthi akuyona ngaphesheya emifuleni nasemachibini amaningi. Lezi izinhlanzi eziphila emanzini ezicacile amakhaza eziyizimbangela emifuleni zamanje okusheshayo egeleza echibini. umbala waso phakathi ukusuthisa trout sifana trout. Phakathi zidala isizini siyashintsha umbala, kukhona lomshado izingubo. Abesifazane babe izikali elikhanyayo ebumnyameni, abesilisa avele kuye njengoba amnyama orange imivimbo. Futhi ekushintsheni umbala amaphiko. Kwabesifazane, ziba mnyama futhi fin ventral kwabesilisa kuba pink noma osawolintshi.

Loach

Kunalabo salmon, esimagama aso kuhlobane ngokuqondile ngokubukeka kwabo. Loaches, isibonelo, lethiwa sibonga izikali ezincane, ngenxa okuyinto imizimba yabo ivela nqunu. Basuke ukusakaza ngokwanele kakhulu. Ngo Magadan futhi eKamchatka, kunezinguqulo ezingaba ngu-10 ukuthi kunezinhlobo zezinhlanzi ezingaphezu omndeni salmon. Loaches kungaba bushing, okuyinto ukudla kolwandle, kanye yokuhlala. Lesi sakamuva singabangela neze ukuya olwandle, abanye ngisho nokuphila konke atholakala emachibini, emi emanzini futhi zidala senzeka.