Abamba Ukushisa: ngcono ezandleni zabo

Ukwakhiwa yokukhosela izindlu ezintsha ukuvikela umhlabathi imvelo - lena kuphela ingxenye indaba. Lapho-ke wakha i-greenhouse, ubungcono izindleko futhi kudinga ukuzikhandla ezengeziwe.

Kuphela uma imibhede okulungiselelwe kanye ukudalwa kwezimo ezifanele izitshalo ungaqala into sikhule. Ngemva izakhi eziyinhloko kwesakhiwo esungulwe abamba ukushisa, ilungiselelo sangaphakathi obandayo kudinga imishini elandelayo: Ukushisa, umoya omncane, amanzi, imibhede noma Racks. Nokho, ingafakwa ngisho nangaphambi isakhiwo sayo (isibonelo, phansi bafudumale system).

Inhlangano Ukushisa zokugcina

Amazinga air kule abamba ukushisa akufanele kube ngezansi 18 ºC. Noma yimuphi ukwahlukanisa odongeni kwentwasahlobo akayitholanga izinga lokushisa oyifunayo kakhulu ekukhuleni kwesihlahla nasekuvezeni. Lokhu kudinga Ukushisa ezengeziwe. uhlelo yakhe incike ubukhulu kwezakhiwo kanye amathuba zezimali yomnikazi.

Ukushisa Local hhayi ukunikeza iyunifomu ukushisa Okokufaka yonke indawo. ukusatshalaliswa yayo efanele izuzwe ukusuthisa amanzi ashisayo amaningi ngenxa yamapayipi noma yi-convector. Heat kumelwe lunikezwe kancane futhi phezulu.

Isinqumo zizosebenza futhi kulula uma ukhetha indawo libalele ngaphandle kwekwenta tinhlaka tekucala, lapho abamba ukushisa, babefika beme. Afakwe ngaphakathi sihlinzekela ukufakwa lemibhede okusezingeni eliphezulu, ukuba phansi abandayo kancane kwenziwe izitshalo, kanye nokufinyelela kwaba elula.

Ukuze Ukushisa zemvelo kubalulekile ukuze ungeze kagesi, ngegesi noma ngophethiloli okuqinile.

Ukuqamba kuyinto inhlabathi evuthayo ngekhebula ukukhulula amandla ku-120 W / m ^2. It is sibekwa ungqimba isihlabathi, wathela ungene namanzi ukwahlukanisa (polystyrene enwetshiwe noma Foam). Top ikhebula ivikelwe inetha anezikhala owathela inhlabathi evundile kuze kufinyelele 35 cm.

amanzi sesipholisanjini Ukushisa ngokulinganayo ihambisa ukushisa kulo lonke igumbi.

heater infrared futhi ukunikeza efinyelela ezengeziwe. Ngosizo lwabo, ungakha ezahlukene lokushisa zigaba, eliphumela abalulekile energy imali.

Negesi Ukushisa kuyafaneleka, uma ukuxhuma Ukushisa zokugcina kusistimu eyodwa. Ungasebenzisa plain noma usethe sikaphalafini ukuba kubhayela uhlelo okuzenzakalelayo.

uhlelo Solid-fuel kufanelekile in zokugcina yangasese, lapho kukhona izinkuni ngokuchichimayo. Phatha uyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, kodwa okuningi kwezomnotho kunabanye. Isithando somlilo uphethiloli okuqinile uhlale ezifiselekayo ukugcina zigciniwe.

Ukulahlekelwa ukushisa kuxhomeke kakhulu izinga ebiyelwe ayevumela. Afakwe ngaphakathi abamba ukushisa kusuka polycarbonate kudinga kancane Ukushisa izindleko ngenxa okusezingeni eliphezulu izakhiwo ezishisayo ayisivikelo impahla.

ukupholisa

Ukushisa kanye air izindlela umoya omncane in zokugcina ziya anezinhlaka. Ukuze uthole isikhala elincane eshisayo ezimbili kuphela noma transoms ibekwe ezinhlangothini ezihlukene, noma eziphakeme ezahlukene. Basuke akhiwe kude ezithile ezingadluli 2 m, uma has a abamba ukushisa esikhulu. Afakwe ngaphakathi ezengeziwe kwegazi fan ngokulinganayo ihambisa umswakama nokufudumala phezu lonke ivolumu, ethuthukisa nemibandela ekukhuleni kwezimila. Ophahleni nayo efakwe fan, okuyinto ashaye umoya fresh kusuka ngaphandle. Ngenxa okusezingeni eliphezulu izakhiwo ukushisa-ukuze sivikeleke lomoya enamathela endlini kuyinto ngokushesha eshubile ilanga. Ukuhlelwa polycarbonate ngaphakathi zokugcina ukunikezela amandla kabusha yangaphakathi ukupholisa umoya musa overheat. Kufanele futhi uvumele okusalungiswa abalulekile futhi hypothermia zokugcina ngoba kuyinto embi isimo isivuno.

Ukulawula ukushisa kube nesivuvu ngendlela engabekezeleleki abamba ukushisa senziwa enkulu ngokusebenzisa eziyinkimbinkimbi indawo elawula uhlelo for othomathikhi ukuvulwa transoms nokushaya komoya. A uhlelo elula ngesakhiwo kungenziwa inikwa amandla yi-indlela elula nge isilinda wokubacindezela. Ngokwandisa lokushisa uwoyela, it is zandiswa futhi stem kuvula eyodwa noma ngaphezulu eshisayo.

yokutholakala kwamanzi

ukuphila isitshalo kuhlobene imvelo nomswakama. Ngezinye overabundance yayo fruiting imisiwe nengenawo athuthukile uhlelo impande. Uma umswakama akwanele, izitshalo zikhule kancane, futhi umkhiqizo wabo sinciphile.

Ukwakhiwa zokugcina wenza polycarbonate ezandleni zabo kuhlanganisa ukudalwa ngenkasa evikelekile elula.

Amanzi akufanele kube abandayo, ngoba kusukela kule izimpande abolile. imithetho ukuchelela ungavumeli Ukungena amaconsi ku amaqabunga neziqu zezitshalo. Wenziwe kaningi lapho kushisa, futhi amanzi ukugeleza isilinganiso kuyinto 10-12 l / m ^2. I ajulile uhlelo impande, umswakama xaxa kuyadingeka.

Ikakhulukazi ngenkasa zokugcina kutsho kanje:

1. Surface ngenkasa zokugcina isicelo engathandeki ngenxa umswakama high nokuba yinkimbinkimbi ukugeleza control.
2. Zaziyiconsi okuphakelayo kahle, kusukela ngo-amanzi angaphansi liyadingeka, kulula ukwethula umanyolo inqubo kungenziwa ezenzakalelayo.
3. I okunengqondo kunazo iwukusebenzisa subsurface ngenkasa tube ne izimbobo, wangcwatshwa endaweni ka 0.25 m ukujula nangenhliziyo ukuchema kuzo nombala okwandisa.

Ukuhlinzekwa kwamanzi ngqo izimpande kudala izinzuzo ngokuya ukunciphisa ukuhwamuka yayo ukulahlekelwa, ukuthuthukisa ogelezayo nokumanzisa kohlelo impande nasekusindiseni isimo somhlabathi.

Ukuze zokugcina adala uketshezi spray isicelo phezu izindawo ezinkulu, njengoba ngamunye webhodwe bazithela ngezinga ezimbonini akunakwenzeka.

Afakwe ngaphakathi zokugcina polycarbonate. Photo izitshalo ukuthambisa usebenzisa capillary amacansi

Izindlela zokunisela ngenkasa Modern zidinga utshalomali abalulekile. Sinesithakazelo esikhulu indlela entsha futhi ukonga kakhulu umswakama usebenzisa uhlaka capillary. Kuyinto felts zokwenziwa, okuvumela ukuncela futhi ubambe ukuze 3 l amanzi ngamunye 1 sq. m sikwele. It ibekwe tape amabhodwe nge izitshalo, okuyinto kancane kancane umswakama lokucatshangelwa kangcono. Ekuvikeleni ukungcoliswa kwenhlabathi impande Ukungena mat embozwe ifilimu ukungena nakwamanye amazwe. ekhiqizwa Ngakho polycarbonate ilungiselelo ngaphakathi zokugcina. Izithombe ukuchelela nge capillary mat lapha ngenzansi.

Izinzuzo capillary amacansi okulandelayo:

• izindleko eliphansi impahla kanye nenqubo;
• embili nekufana wokunisela;
• nokuvikelwa uma umonakalo izithombo nezifo zezitshalo;
• ukuqina mat impahla;
• isixazululo esilula isitshalo umquba.

Isisekelo amacansi capillary kukhona ezivamile Pallets sokhuni. Basuke efakwe emgceni kwezitini, futhi phezulu walala flat slate amashidi, okuyinto inamathelisiwe nge ngezikulufo kuya komzila uhlangothi, bese embozwe polyethylene ifilimu. imiphetho yayo kumele isuswe ku-abarimi uphinde ulungise wesitimela stapler. Mat capillary lenzelwa phezu umgogodla polyethylene phansi futhi libuye exhunywe komzila. Emaphethelweni akumelwe aphume ashone ngale ifilimu. Kumi esiqongweni sezindawo mat welula amashidi perforated.

Mat capillary bechitha amanzi nje lapho kancane sicindezelwe aphume ngeke ukukhonza amanzi. Uma phezulu kwamiswa amaxhaphozi, ngokweqile ukuhlanganisa amanzi.

Amabhodwe amakhasethi nge izimbobo amanzi phansi ogibele luthi alufane zokuzivikela. Amanzi wanezela, lapho umswakama uzoma isinyathelo ngokushesha lapho kancane sicindezelwe esandleni sakhe.

Mat capillary zingenziwa ngokuzimela. Ukuze wenze lokhu ku Pallet eyenziwe polyethylene ifilimu ukubeka obukhulu ukupheda polyester futhi sifakwe emanzini ke. Khona-ke walala phezu perforated black ifilimu. Izimbobo kuwo zenziwe "inhloli" ekhaya-eyenziwe amakhadibhodi amabhokisi eyayigcwele ngezipikili ezincane.

Sintepon akufanele kube overdry, kungenjalo ke kuyodingeka isikhathi eside imanzise ngamanzi.

Ground zokugcina ngaphakathi ilungiselelo nge imibhede: isithombe

imishini Indlela ngaphakathi abamba ukushisa kuxhomeke ekutheni umnikazi efuna ukuphana usabe embhedeni noma ufake emashalofini, okuzokwenza ukusingatha izithombo noma izitshalo ezimbizeni. Uma kuwukuthi uhlobo inhlabathi, ukuhlukaniswa senziwe imibhede. Basuke okuhleliwe kuye amasu ukutshala isilimo izinhlobo. Ngakho ebubanzini nasekujuleni kwazo kumele singeqi 1.2 m phakathi futhi at emaphethelweni 0.6 m, ukuze bakwazi kalula ukufinyelela izitshalo ngaphandle ukunyathela emhlabathini. Inhlabathi compaction kuholela Ukuwohloka kwegazi emoyeni ezimpandeni.

Ake sihlole lokho kufanele kube ngaphakathi abamba ukushisa. Ukwakhiwa imibhede kungekho kuka 2-3 yakhelwe amamitha amathathu ububanzi. Omunye amavesi aseleyo okungenani 50 cm ububanzi, kanye nezinye - amancane. Lokhu kuzodala kalula abebeziphilisa ngako. Ungenza amavesi isiphambano imibhede, uma ubeka phansi ebhodini.

Afakwe ngaphakathi zokugcina ububanzi 3-5 m ihlukile kuphela inani lemibhede. I ebanzi esikhaleni, imibhede ngaphezulu.

Ngo greenhouse esikhulu kuyadingeka ukutshala okuningi abanamasiko nezinkambiso ezihlukahlukene. A izitshalo ukushisa-onothando ohlangothini libalele, isibonelo, utamatisi. Uma kukhona abatshalwé ukhukhamba, kufanele sihlukaniswe ngokuqukethwe epulasitikini ukudala nomswakama eliphezulu. Ngo utamatisi at high umswakama impova inamathele ndawonye, okuba nomthelela omubi isivuno.

Amathrekhi kudivayisi

Amaculo kumelwe wenze ukushelela nokuthi musa buthelela amanzi. ezinengilazi Hard zisetshenziswa ukhonkolo, clinker izitini, amabhlogo, amathayili kuvuleke, futhi ezithambile - amatshe, isihlabathi, amatshe. I-track eqinile nakho ngeke kusize kungcono indaba ngeke unamathele amasondo Sibona bese izicathulo.

Ukuthululela ukhonkolo elula, kodwa akubukeki umxhwele kakhulu. Ngenxa umhlobiso ebusweni afake amatshe amancane noma oblitsevat tile Ceramic. indlela enhle futhi enokwethenjelwa ngeke kwavula nge clinker izitini, kuvuleke amabhlogo noma kuvuleke Slabs. Izinto okufanele akhethwe frost. Basuke olubekwa isihlabathi noma isixazululo.

umxhwele kakhulu iyona ithrekhi yamathebhu. Ngenxa yale njongo kwasakazeka kwezitini noma wathela ukhonkolo ebhokisini, okuyinto abeke utshani noma umquba, bese embozwe ikhava lokhuni. Kufanele uqine ngokwanele ukwenza umsebenzi ithrekhi. Lokhu kudala eyengeziwe bafudumale zokugcina, kuvela ezidingekile umquba Umanyolo futhi ilondoloza isikhala kusayithi.

Ezinhlangothini imibhede buyela impahla onensika: lashukumisa, amabhodi, izitini zikasimende. Izinkuni rots ngokushesha, futhi ingahlala kuphela isizini eyodwa. Aluminium amabhampa ngezinye izikhathi bephethe greenhouse futhi bazokhonza lapha iminyaka eminingi. Imingcele yensimbi lashukumisa, polymer camera kukhona prefabricated, okuyizinto futhi isikhathi eside.

Sesondlo okulula ukwenza zokugcina ithrekhi futhi ngaphandle.

ukulungiselela umhlabathi

Yini enye inikeza imishini ngaphakathi abamba ukushisa? Ukuhlelwa kusuka engadini kuhilela ngokudala kubo ephakanyiswe ukuphakama 20-60 cm. Indlela elula ukufaka uthango eyenziwe amabhodi ububanzi 25 cm. Agqoka onqenqemeni abethela ngezikhonkwane nhlangothi zombili noma wabethelwa kwezinsika. Okuningi izakhiwo ezinkulu manje nibeka ezinye izitini. Kuyinto elula ukwenza ngisho nangaphambi ukwakhiwa zokugcina.

embhedeni High angazamukela eziningi inhlabathi evundile. It is hhayi chithi saka abamba ukushisa futhi kahle eshubile.

Inhlabathi kumele kube ukukhanya futhi kahle umoya, kungekho imbewu ukhula. Primer ukulungiselela uhlobo imifino, okuzokwenza itshalwe kuwo.

Ukuze utamatisi nopelepele exutshwe umhlabathi humus nesihlabathi ezingxenyeni alinganayo futhi wanezela nge 100 g kashoki umlotha ingxube ibhakede.

Ngaphansi ukhukhamba futhi courgettes balungiselela kokwakhiwa okulandelayo kwenhlabathi:

• 6 amahora + 4 amahora inhlabathi humus ..;
• 4 ema-awa. Le ncwadi + 3 h. Humus + 3 h. Peat.

Inhlangano zindawo zokusesha ezethusayo zokugcina

Ukuze izithombo ezikhulayo noma izithombo ukudala semfenisha isakhiwo bangazihluphi inombolo enkulu yemigqa esikhaleni khulula.

Ukufaka Shelving

Uma usebenzisa amazinga amaningi kufanele kubhekwe ikakhulukazi izitshalo. Kumele kube ukushisa-onothando futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo ukumelana kahle shading kancane zesitezi namasheluvu. izitshalo Khanyisa abathanda zikhule kahle emashalofini phezulu, lapho ukukhanya kunakunoma zomhlaba ngokwawo.

Ukwakhiwa zokugcina ezandleni zabo kuhilela ukudala emashalofini. Ububanzi yabo odongeni kufanele kungabi kuka 95 cm, futhi phakathi nendawo -. 1.5 m ukuphakama kuyakhethwa ngokuvumelana lula ukusetshenziswa, isibonelo, izinga ekhishini worktops. Ngesikhathi ukuphakama izitshalo ukusebenza zibelula kuqhathaniswa imibhede, okuyinto njalo kufanele zagoba ukuze Ukukhipha, efaka umquba, izinhlelo zenkasa, ukutshalwa kanye neminye imisebenzi yezolimo.

Amapharamitha semfenisha zimi kanje:

• Ubukhulu nobujamo (elingunxande, zikanhlangothiningi, Dome);
• Ubukhulu;
• Uhlaka izinto, emashalofini futhi izisekelo.

Ngenxa isisindo esikhulu amabhodwe nge izitshalo kanye namabhokisi izithombo Racks kufanele kube namandla futhi uzinzile.

zokwakha ukumelana ekucindezelekeni eside futhi ukuvezwa kwesikhathi eside umswakama. Popular olusungulwe ezenziwe ngokjuni, njengoba intengo impahla yabo eshibhe futhi elula ukusingatha. Racks zenziwa izingodo futhi eshalofini -. Of ebhodini ukujiya kanye ububanzi 4 cm 20 cm uzimele nazo asetshenziswa aluminiyamu, plastic noma amaphrofayli steel ngesineke. Ngomklamo high Coatings esebenza isikhathi eside futhi musa adinga ukunakekelwa okukhethekile.

On isihlahla izinkinga njalo ngaphezulu ngenxa ukuwohloka yayo endaweni emanzi. Kufanele njalo ukuphatha izakhiwo ezikhethekile nokudweba. Metal and plastic kulula ukusebenzisa, kodwa izindleko zokuhlinzwa izinto iphezulu kakhulu.

Ububanzi ithrekhi ikhethwa efanayo ukungcola zokugcina.

Amila imbewu akhiqizwa omunye emakhoneni lapho kwasemuva efakwe ukwahlukanisa kanye namabhodlela.

Rack zokugcina anemisila endaweni ngokuhlukaniswa lapho ungafaka izitshalo ambalwa ezimbizeni uthenge, kwafakwa ingilazi noma ifilimu esobala bevela kuzo zonke izinhlangothi. Isebenza kahle kuleli gumbi aquarium ka kungekho amalitha ngaphansi kuka-100. It is wagqoka kwamasonto ambalwa e Ukufiphaza indawo.

Ngezansi ungabona ngcono kule abamba ukushisa (isithombe) kusuka endaweni ngokuhlukaniswa.

Izimbiza nge izitshalo kufanele senza njalo, ethula kusukela abamba ukushisa.

Ukuze isitoreji kwemithi kanye imishini kule abamba ukushisa senziwa tambour ekhabetheni noma ngaphansi emashalofini.

isiphetho

Ngaphandle timphawu tesakhiwo eziyisisekelo zazo zakhiwa abamba ukushisa, fitting ngaphakathi idinga ezengeziwe imishini Ukushisa, umoya omncane, amanzi, imibhede noma Racks. Industrial imiklamo zihlanganisa othomathikhi izinga lokushisa nokulawula nomswakama izinhlelo. Ukuze zokugcina emincane engadini kukhona izixazululo elula.