"Sevastopol Stories": An Analysis. "Sevastopol Stories" UTolstoy: isifinyezo

Kulesi sihloko sizohlola izindaba ezintathu UTolstoy ukuchaza isifinyezo yabo, ukuhlaziya. "Sevastopol Stories" esanyatheliswa ngo-1855. Yalotshwa esikhathini sokuhlala e Sevastopol, Tolstoy. Siqale ukuchaza isifinyezo, bese ngikuxoxele umsebenzi "Sevastopol Stories". Ukuhlaziywa (Disemba 1854 th, Meyi no-Agasti 1955 futhi wachaza zenzeka) kuyoba lula ukuthatha, ukukhumbula amaphuzu ayinhloko ngesakhiwo.

Sevastopol ngoDisemba

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ekulweni uyaqhubeka e Sevastopol, ukuphila kuyaqhubeka. isinkwa Zezıhlabane ithengiswe abahwebi, abalimi - sbiten. Okudidayo elixutshwe lapha ukuphila okunokuthula ekamu. Konke bethukile, sihamba emhlabeni, kodwa edukisayo. Abantu abaningi awuboni the ukuqhuma kwezibhamu, ukwenza "ibhizinisi zansuku zonke." Kuphela okuvimbezela ungabona abavikeli ka Sevastopol.

esibhedlela

Incazelo esibhedlela uyaqhubeka UTolstoy "Sevastopol Stories". Amazwibela encwadi ethi isiqephu elandelayo. I amasosha alimele esibhedlela ukwabelana ngendlela abazizwa ngayo. Walahlekelwa umlenze wakhe ubuhlungu akakhumbuli, ngoba ungacabangi ngakho. Indoda iyalandisa kwasemini nenqaba owesifazane eshayiswa igobolondo, kanti yena anqunywe umlenze wakhe ngenhla kwamadolo. Opharetjhini kusaladi eyenziwe ekamelweni elihlukile. emgqeni okulindile kwalimala ukubonwa okukhulu njengoba udokotela unqanyulwe imilenze nezingalo ozakwabo, futhi eziphuthumayo Ufaka qakala ekhoneni anqunywe izitho zomzimba. Ngakho, echaza imininingwane UTolstoy lisiphathele ushushiso umsebenzi "Izindaba Sevastopol 'ukuhlaziya. Ngo-August, lutho, eqinisweni, akashintshi. Abantu efanayo uzohlupheka, futhi akekho noyedwa baqonde ukuthi impi - kuba akunabuntu. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, umbukwane lezi umphefumulo emangalisayo. Impi aliveli endaweni, ukuze brilliant enhle, izigubhu kanye nomculo, futhi ngokuvumelana nayo samanje - ukufa, ukuhlupheka igazi. Ukuze silwe ku ayingozi kakhulu nenqaba isikhulu abasha ekhononda hhayi ngenxa yobuningi amagobolondo namabhomu falling ekhanda futhi inhlabathi. Lokhu kubangelwa ingozi. Isiphathiswa ekhululekile kakhulu, cheeky nokuziphatha ngokugqamile.

Endleleni eya Bastion wesine

Ngaphansi njalo endleleni ngenxa nenqaba wesine (ayingozi kakhulu) wathola abantu okungezona ezempi. Caught ngokuya stretchers ne eyayilimele. Wezikhali Isikhulu liziphatha lapha buthule, njengoba wayenza ukubhonga yokuqhuma kanye ikhwela zezibhamu. Lokhu iqhawe ulandisa indlela e ibhethri yakhe phakathi nesivunguvungu kwesokunxele isikhali esebenzayo eyodwa kuphela, futhi abasebenzi ezimbalwa kakhulu, kodwa ngakusasa waphinde wadubula kuzo zonke izibhamu.

Isiphathiswa wayekhumbula indlela e itilosi ngezingodo hit ibhomu, ngokubeka abantu 11. Esikhathini ukunyakaza indlela yekuma, ubuso abavikeli kungabonwa izici eziyinhloko ezakha amandla abantu Russian - inkani futhi engeyona inkimbinkimbi. Kodwa, kubonakala sengathi, njengoba umlobi uveza ukuthi ukuhlupheka, intukuthelo, futhi ingozi empi Ungeze kubo imicabango elilandelayo eliphakeme futhi imizwa, kanye nomuzwa wokuzizwa ubalulekile. wire abajonqile ekucubunguleni ngokwengqondo umkhiqizo ( "Sevastopol Stories"). Uphawula ukuthi umuzwa yokuziphindiselela isitha, intukuthelo itholakala umphefumulo wabo bonke abantu. Lapho umuntu olungile uhamba ikhenela, ngeke ushiye ngomuzwa yokwesaba ezinye ukujabulela. Ngemva kwalokho ulindele yena ukuvala ibhomu - kukhona emdlalweni ne ukufa "ikhubalo ekhethekile". Umuzwa uthando lwezwe ehlala abantu. ERussia isikhathi eside izohamba iminonjana izenzakalo ezinkulu e Sevastopol.

Sevastopol ngoMeyi

izenzakalo eziqhubekayo isebenza "Sevastopol Stories" ngoMeyi. Ukuhlaziya isikhathi, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi kusukela ekuqaleni ukulwa emzini ubelokhu eqashelwa izinyanga eziyisithupha. Abafile ngalesi sikhathi abaningi. Kubonakala sengathi isixazululo muhlekazi ukuba impi yi-yasekuqaleni: uma amasosha amabili alwa, omunye Russian futhi ibutho isiFulentshi, nokunqoba kungaba amalungu eqembu, ngoba abeenqwelo winner. Kunengqondo isinqumo ezifana ukulwa sodwa ungcono ayizinkulungwane 130. Against ayizinkulungwane 130. Ngokombono walaba Lva Nikolaevicha Tolstogo, impi akunangqondo. Lona kungaba ngekhanda noma abantu - akuzona izidalwa njengoba ezihlakaniphile, njengoba becabanga.

Mikhailov isikhulu

ukuhamba Military eduze boulevards e emzini ovinjezelwe. Phakathi kwazo isikhulu elihamba futhi Mikhailov, a wakhothama indoda eside-ezinemilenze, amade futhi esiyinkinga. Muva nje wathola incwadi evela kumngane. It Lancers umhlala ubhala uNatasha, nomkakhe (umngane Mikhailov), kulandele amaphephandaba kanye intshiseko indlela ibutho lakhe wanyakaza, futhi nezigigaba eziningi Mikhailov. Uyakhumbula ukufutheka yangaphambili ngokwalokho okwashiwo kuso, njengoba ingaphezulu kuka yanamuhla ukuba kuthi lapho amasosha, lapho ebatshela ngempilo yakhe (lapho edlala nge jikelele ezisetshenziswa umphakathi emakhadini noma dancing phezu nge amabhola sombusi), ukulalela ongenandaba ukuzwa kuye.

iphupho Mikhailov sika

Lokhu isikhulu amaphupho ngokuvuswa. On the Boulevard uhlangana Obzhogova, induna kanye Ensign Suslikov. It is ukukhonza ibutho lakhe. Basuke wabingelela Mikhailov, kunyakaze esandleni sakhe. Nokho, lesi sikhulu asizange ufuna ukubhekana nabo. Ufisa ukuba umphakathi ahlukile. Leo ukhuluma inkohliso, ke uqhuba ukuhlaziywa. "Sevastopol Izindaba" - umsebenzi lapho-copyright kwehliswa kwelizinga abaningi, ukucabanga ngezihloko zefilosofi. Ize, ngokuvumelana umbhali, "isifo lokhu leminyaka." Ngakho-ke, kukhona izinhlobo ezintathu zabantu. Okokuqala ukuthatha kokuqala kuyize njengentfo letakwenteka ledzingekako ekhona, futhi ngenxa yalokho okulungile. Laba bantu khulula ukumlalela. Abanye ukubheka njengesenzakalo angenakuvinjwa, isimo esidabukisayo. Okwesithathu slavishly ngokungazi isinyathelo ngaphansi kwethonya kuyize. Ngakho uthi UTolstoy ( "Sevastopol Stories"). Uhlaziyo kusekelwe acwaninge siqu ezenzakalweni ezichazwe kokuma abantu.

Mikhailov Double sihamba ngokunqikaza esidlule kwesiyingi aristocrats. Ekugcineni, yena onesibindi uthi sawubona. Ngasekuqaleni kwaleli isikhulu wesaba ukukhuluma nabo ngoba laba bantu abakwazanga ukuhlonipha nhlobo impendulo ukubingelela, futhi ngaleyo ndlela kwabathinta ukuzazisa wakhe obuhlungu. umphakathi yezinjinga - lena Prince Galtsin, iphini lomlawuli wempi Kalugin, induna kanye uLieutenant Praskukhin Neferdov. Benza maqondana Mikhailov kuyinto ngempela zidla. Galtsin, isibonelo, ukuthatha ingalo lo mphathi uhamba naye kancane kuphela ngoba uyazi ukuthi lokhu ezojabulisa kuye. Nokho, maduzane nje, baqala ukukhuluma kuphela nomunye ngokweyisa, limazise Mikhailov, akudingeki ngaphezulu umphakathi wakhe.

Ukaputeni ibuyela ekhaya, ukhumbula ukuthi ekuseni kwase wavuma ngokuzithandela ukuyokwenza endaweni nenqaba isikhulu ogulayo. Kubonakala kuye ukuthi wayezobulawa futhi uma kungaqali, cishe azonikezwa. UCaptain aduduze yena lowo msebenzi wakhe - ukuya nenqaba wenza isenzo ngokwethembeka. Uyamangala endleleni, lapho lokho kungasilimaza - ekhanda, emzimbeni noma umlenze.

iqoqo aristocrats

Aristocrats Khonamanjalo Kalugin ukuphuza itiye, ukudlala upiyano. Benza kulokhu akuyona abaqhoshayo kunjalo, kubalulekile futhi ingeyona engokwemvelo njengoba Boulevard, obonisa abantu bakhe "ahlukile" ethi UTolstoy ( "Sevastopol Stories"). Ukuhlaziya ukuziphatha izinhlamvu umkhiqizo linendima ebalulekile. Nge isicelo kuhlanganisa isikhulu elihamba kule jikelele, kodwa aristocrats ngokushesha kabusha ulele ukuthatha imibono, sengathi angikho uqaphela osanda kufika. Kalugin, wokubona ehambisa jikelele, benamandla nge sikhathi esibucayi. Wathi ukuba "idili ashisayo".

Ulwela Sevastopol ku "Imidwebo Sevastopol 'kuchazwa imininingwane, kodwa asiyi ukuhlala kulokhu. On sortie okubangelwa Galtsin hamba, azi ukuthi ngeke uhambe kuphi, ngoba wesaba. yokutholwa yakhe ukuze anqande Kalugin, azi kahle ukuthi kayivumanga ukuhamba. Phandle emgwaqeni, ungayi ndawo Galtsin iqala ukuhamba, ungakhohlwa ukucela abalimele odlulayo, indlela uya empini, futhi ukusola kwabo ngenxa ukubaleka. Ukuya nenqaba, Kalugin ngenhlanhla akabakhohlwa ukubonisa isibindi: i ikhwela inhlamvu ayizange egoba, kuthatha eligadulayo ihhashi pose. abatelekile yakhe engiwukhumbulayo owawungemnandi "wobugwala" Umlawuli ibhethri. Kodwa lo muntu isibindi ziyaphawuleka.

Mikhailov kwalimala

Ubani wachitha izinyanga eziyisithupha ku-nenqaba futhi akafuni ukuba izifake engozini e umkhuzi ibhethri ize ithumela Kalugin, ephendula isicelo sakhe izohlola nenqaba we izibhamu nge isikhulu abasha. Praskukhin oda isaziso jikelele kuthuthwa Ibutho Mikhailov. Enikela ngokuphumelelayo. Ngaphansi umlilo ebumnyameni, le Ibutho uqala ukunyakaza. Praskukhin futhi Mikhailov, uhamba ngapha nangapha, kuphela cabanga umbono ezivezwa kubo kwa each nye. Behlangabezana angafuni adalule yena waphinda ezingozini Kalugin, ofundayo kusukela Mikhailov ngesimo futhi ophendukayo. Ibhomu Kuqhuma eduze kwakhe. Praskukhin abulawe, alimala ikhanda Mikhailov, kodwa akusho ukuya sigqoka, bekholelwa ukuthi Khakee.

Zonke lempi usuku wanqamula alley nenkulumo ngezenzakalo izolo, okubonisa isibindi sabo ukuze basize abanye. Kuthula. French futhi Russian ukuxhumana kalula nomunye. Phakathi kwabo akukho nenzondo. Qonda ukuthi impi esiyinqaba, lezi namaqhawe. Liphinde uthi umbhali, ukudweba emsebenzini wakhe "Izindaba Sevastopol 'ukuhlaziya.

Ngo-August 1855

Kozeltsov livela enkundleni yempi emva kokwelashwa. He is ezimele izahlulelo zakhe, abahlakaniphe kakhulu futhi kakhulu sasivumela uhlakaniphile. Lost zonke izinqola namahhashi, abantu abaningi baye bahlangana esitobhini sebhasi. Nhlobo ingxenye imali kusuka izikhulu okokuziphilisa. Lapha uVladimir, umzalwane Mihaila Kozeltseva. Akazange hit yabalindi, naphezu amapulani, bamisa isosha. Ukulwa ayithandayo.

Behleli esiteshini, uVladimir ayizange ngiyajabula ngoba kokulwa. Walahlekelwa imali. Ukukhokha izikweletu kusiza nomfowabo omncane. Lapho befika kule ndawo, bathunyelwa ukuba Ibutho. Lapha, phezu imali eningi abahlezi isikhulu idokodo. Kumelwe uwathole. Bazalwane ngaphandle, esehambile ukulala phezu nenqaba yesihlanu.

UVladimir inikeza ukuchitha ebusuku umlawuli wakhe. USawulu uwa elele kanzima ngaphansi amachashazi amakhwela. Michael uya umkhuzi yakhe. Lokho kwabathukuthelisa Kozeltsev entry, ababekade muva naye endaweni efanayo ohlelweni. Nokho, abanye bayajabula abe ngowakho.

Ekuseni, uVladimir kufakwe emibuthanweni yila maphoyisa. Ngaye zonke ukuzwelana, ikakhulukazi Junker Viang. UVladimir iya kwasemini isingathwe ngu- umkhuzi webutho. Kukhona okuningi inkulumo. Encwadini, ethunyelwe induna wezikhali, bathi, kuthatha isikhulu ukuba Malakhov, kodwa kusukela endaweni kumatasa, akekho uyavuma. Nokho, uVladimir enquma ukuya. Viang elihambisana nalo.

Vladimir Malakhov e

Lapho sifika, uthola amathuluzi lokudlela ukulwa ukuthi akekho lalungiswa. UVladimir Melnikov baxhumana, futhi ngokushesha kakhulu ukuba nolimi olulodwa olwaziwayo nge umkhuzi webutho.

Iqala lokushaya. Kozeltsov ukuwozela ungena empini. Yena odlula kuya isiFulentshi, wahosha inkemba yakhe. Volodya balimale. Lokumjabulisa ngaphambi kokufa kwakhe, naye lo mfundisi wathi Russian iwine. Volodya wajabula ngakwazi ukusebenzela izwe, futhi cabanga umfowabo omdala. Volodya wayesekhona umyalo, kodwa uyaqaphela emva kwesikhashana ukuthi French iwine. Melnikova isidumbu amanga eseduze. I banner ye-French liyavela indunduma. Endaweni ephephile eshiya Viang. Ngakho uphela UTolstoy "Sevastopol Stories", isifinyezo esiye kuchaziwe nje.

Ukuhlaziya umkhiqizo

Leo, kanye e Sevastopol phama, ishaqekile umoya nobuqhawe labantu kanye namabutho. Waqala kubhala indzaba yakhe yokuqala "Sevastopol ngoDisemba". Kwabe sekufika nabanye ababili, etshela ngezenzakalo ngoMeyi no-Agasti 1855. Zonke izingcezu ezintathu ehlangana ngokuthi "Sevastopol Stories".

Ukuhlaziywa ngamunye wabo, ngeke kwenziwe kuphela ukufana uqaphele. Out of ukulwa, bengayeki cishe unyaka, wahlwitha izithombe ezintathu kuphela. Kodwa kungakanani ukunikeza! Ngokusebenzisa ukuhlaziya umsebenzi "Sevastopol Stories", kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi UTolstoy kwaqinisa kancane kancane kusuka ucezu ucezu, bokubanga ezibucayi. Kubonakala isimiso ngokuya accusatory. Ushaya umlandzi isebenza "Sevastopol Stories", ukuhlaziywa okuyinto sibambelela, umehluko phakathi ubukhulu beqiniso lamabutho ukuziphatha zemvelo yabo, ubulula isifiso ize lamaphoyisa ukuqala impi ukuze uthole "inkanyezi." Ukuxhumana amasosha ukusiza izikhonzi ukuba abe nesibindi futhi zingapheli amandla. Kuphela ngokuhle kunakho konke kwawo sekuseduze ukuba abantu, njengoba ukuhlaziywa libonisa.

"Sevastopol Stories" UTolstoy yabeka isisekelo ekhombisa ongokoqobo ngokulinganiselwa impi. ukutholakala wezobuCiko umlobi kwakungomunye bezibona kusukela iphuzu Ngenxa amasosha abavamile. Kamuva ukusebenzisa "Impi Nokuthula" isipiliyoni phezu umkhiqizo "Sevastopol Stories" UTolstoy. Ukuhlaziya umkhiqizo kubonisa ukuthi umlobi wayenesithakazelo ngokuyinhloko emhlabeni engaphakathi indoda okwacaca impi, futhi "emseleni" kuyiqiniso.