Emaphakathi neRussia. Amadolobha emaphakathi neRussia

Emaphakathi neRussia - kuba eziyinkimbinkimbi enkulu Interregional. Ngokwesiko, le nkulumo ibhekisela endaweni bayavumelana ngase eMoscow, okuyinto lenzeka eMoscow, futhi kamuva isimo Russian.

usizo Jikelele

Umlando emaphakathi neRussia, okuyinto nengaphakathi ukuphakama kwesizwe sethu, waqala lapho kumiswa Muscovy e XIII-XV eminyaka, ngenxa yokuxuba fiefdoms disparate. Emadolobheni lamakhulu, ingabe esifundeni ugcwele esikhumbuzo yezakhiwo, bomlando nokulotshwa kwalo kanye iminyuziyamu. Ezweni lonke ngisho phesheya kabanzi eyaziwa icici legolide - imizi emaphakathi neRussia lasendulo: Sergiev Posad, Rostov futhi Pereslavl, Kostroma, Suzdal, Yaroslavl, uVladimir, Ivanovo, Bogolyubovo, uGus Crystal, Gorokhovets, Kalyazin, Kideksha, Moore, Paleh et al. Igolide indandatho lihlanza izindawo ezifana eMoscow, Iaroslavskaia, uVladimir, Ivanovskaia, Kostroma. emadolobheni oMdala emaphakathi neRussia baziwa yezandla zabo okungavamile kwezobuciko. Ngokwesibonelo, Fedoskino, Palekh Holuy nabadumile lacquer ezincanyana Gzhel - emathileyi ngesineke, Abramtsevo - - zobumba, Zhostovo ukhuni ezitsheni, Khotkovo - amathambo ekuqopheni amatshe pos. Mstera - lacquer emincanyana kanye ruching, pos. Red-on-iVolga - imigexo ezazenziwe ngethusi, zethusi, isiliva, Rostov - koqweqwe lwawo (koqweqwe lwawo Umdwebo miniature).

izigaba yentuthuko

Ukwakheka zakulesi sifunda ziye abathintekayo izenzakalo ezingokomlando kanye isikhundla kwezomnotho nokuma kwezwe. Emaphakathi yingxenye Russia ise ezigodini nasezintabeni watersheds ka Dnieper, le Oka, eVolga naseNtshonalanga Dvina, enomuzi isikhundla evumayo kakhulu ngesikhathi kumiswa isimo. Ngenxa emfuleni izindlela baxhumana izifunda umngcele, kanye ngalo namazwe angomakhelwane. imaphakathi Russia - iyona yagxila esikweni lesizwe, kungakho zokuhlala abantu Russian kwezinye izindawo.

Okwakuhlalwa kuzo lapho kusaqalwa yentuthuko nesibalo sabantu sisetshenziswa kabanzi kwemithombo yemvelo yendawo njenge-nsimbi, amalahle, izingodo, limestone, isihlabathi, usawoti, ubumba, Peat kanye nabanye. Lapha-ke umsuka yokusansimbi ayoni futhi ngensimbi, ngokhuni ukukhiqizwa usawoti, Ceramic futhi ingilazi, indwangu, isikhumba kanye nezicathulo umkhakha. Ezikhathini zaseSoviet, iziteshi ezintathu amandla kagesi ezakhiwa kule ndawo phezu iVolga, futhi Pumped Storage Power Plant lakhiwa Sergiev Posad. Ngaphezu kwalokho, e-zamashumi amahlanu ekhulwini elidlule leminyaka ku Kaluga esifundeni laqala ukusebenza esikhungweni samandla enuzi kwezwe yokuqala, futhi ngemva kweminyaka engu-20-30, ingxenye eyinhloko Russia iwine ngaphezulu izitshalo ezimbili amandla enuzi - ku Tver futhi Smolensk izifunda.

Inani labantu base-esifundeni

Central District of Russia - kuyinto indawo lapho kwakhiwa umnyombo abantu Russian. Futhi namhlanje labantu Russian owandile lapha. Futhi kuphela esempumalanga, in the iVolga-Vyatka esifundeni, siphile Isi-Chuvash, laseMordovia, iMari. Ngokusho ukubalwa kwabantu labantu olwenziwa ngo-2002, kwakunabantu abayizigidi nje kwezigidi ezingu-38 esifundeni. Phakathi kwabo: Russian - ezingu-34 (91%), Ukraine - 756 000 (1.99%), AmaTatar - 288 000 (0.77%), Armenia - 249 000 (0.66%), Belarusians - 186 000 ( 0.49%), Azeris - 161 000 (0.43%), kanye nabaJuda - 103 000 (0.27%). Okunye izizwe bayalingana esingaphansi 0.2%.

Maphakathi nokuphila kwezomnotho kanye nezepolitiki Russia

Izici eziyinhloko emnothweni wanamuhla esifundeni kade uthonywa yilokho izici ezilandelayo: indima izifunda zalo ephambili njengoba ubunjiniyela main, ukuqeqeshwa kanye yesayensi ucwaningo base yezwe; ukutholakala kwabasebenzi abaqeqeshiwe; isikhundla evumayo kwezomnotho nokuma kwezwe; kakhulu athuthukile ezokuthutha izixhumanisi; amandla aphuma ezitshalweni amandla izinhlobo ezahlukene; ukusetshenziswa izinto zokusetshenziswa amazwe; kumiswa isisekelo Metallurgical nabanye. Namuhla, emaphakathi neRussia onguchwepheshe womshini imikhiqizo eziyinkimbinkimbi ezidinga ucwaningo lwesayensi futhi abasebenzi abanamakhono. The main amagatsha lunye kukhona izimboni ubunjiniyela, yokusansimbi, ukukhanya futhi amakhemikhali. Hhayi okungenani ebalulekile imisebenzi yezesayensi kanye lobuchwepheshe kanye nesayensi, kanye nemfundo ephakeme, ezobuciko namasiko. Eminyakeni yamuva - izivakashi nomsebenzi uhambo.

Izimpawu emikhakheni yezomnotho

imaphakathi Russia kuhlanganisa e isibalo samalungu alo kuzifunda ezilandelayo kwezomnotho: iVolga-Vyatka, Central Black Earth Central. Cabangela izici kwezomnotho kanye womhlaba ngamunye wabo. Lokhu kuzosiza ukuba baqonde indima yabo isikali hhayi kuphela esifundeni kodwa futhi lonke lelo zwe.

IVolga-Vyatka wesifunda

Ukwakheka kulesi sifunda ezindaweni ezilandelayo zihlanganisa emaphakathi neRussia: Nizhny Novgorod futhi Kirov, kanye Republic: Chuvashia, Mordovia futhi Mari El. endaweni yaso 263.000 amakhilomitha square. IVolga-Vyatka esifundeni welula eYurophu eyayiyingxenye ye ezweni lethu, imicengezi eMfuleni Vyatka kanye iVolga. Indawo Geographical ezimpambanweni zomgwaqo nojantshi kanye nemifula emikhulu yokuxhuma isikhungo kuya iVolga esifundeni, Urals, North-West, ukudala izimo esihle sokuthuthukisa umnotho. Isimo sezulu esipholile ezwekazini. yoke imikhawulo imbozwe amahlathi. I lunye oyinhloko endaweni - kungcono zobunjiniyela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ihlathi namakhemikhali umkhakha is kahle. Siye ngasinda futhi ithuthukiswe wezandla yezandla lasendulo ezifana Khokhloma imidwebo.

Central Black Earth esifundeni

Ukwakheka lokhu Isifunda sihlanganisa Sifundazwe, eVoronezh Lipetsk, Tambov kanye eKursk izifunda. It libhekene zokuthutha elula futhi indawo. endaweni yaso ayizinkulungwane 107 amakhilomitha square. Ukuba khona imali elikhulu nsimbi usimende izinto zokusetshenziswa, kanye inqolobane abalulekile abasebenzi bafake isandla ekuthuthukiseni imikhakha ehlukahlukene kokubili umkhakha nezolimo. Isimo sezulu esipholile yezwekazi zone yemvelo - asemaqeleni kanye asemaqeleni, sezwe ikakhulu flat. Kule ndawo tibheke omkhulu afanayo chernozems, kodwa iningi izindawo uhlangabezana nokushoda kwezidingongqangi amanzi.

lunye Main kuchazwe Metallurgical, izimboni zamakhemikhali, ubunjiniyela kanye nokudla, kanye nezolimo.

sokushisekela

Ukwakheka kulesi sifunda yilezi: Bryansk, uVladimir, Kaluga, Kostroma, Ivanovo, eMoscow, orel, Smolensk, Tver, Ryazan, Yaroslavl futhi Tula izifunda. indawo wezoMnotho kanye yokuhlala - central, ngakho kuzuzisa kwezokuthutha kanye nangezinye izindlela. Le ndawo isikhungo enkulu isiko. Akayena linothe kakhulu kwezokumbiwa. Ngenxa yalokho, le umkhakha isebenza ikakhulukazi ku izinto zokusetshenziswa amazwe. Kukhona izinqolobane of phosphorite, Peat, lignite limestone nesihlabathi. lunye Main - kuyinto kukhululwe eziyinkimbinkimbi, umkhiqizo ongenakuthintwa kudinga ucwaningo lwesayensi futhi abasebenzi abanamakhono. Amagatsha eziyinhloko zamakhemikhali, ukukhanya ukuphrinta umkhakha nemishini okuhlukahlukene.

Umhlobo esifundeni

Ziya ngokuya kule ndawo wehlukile kakhulu - zihlanganisa amahlathi emvula aminyene kuya emathafeni. Engxenyeni esenyakatho ye-mpumalanga yesifunda kukhona esiningi idiphozithi yanoma amadwala loams nobumba. Bavele ukunyakaza yeqhwa. Ngemva ukubaleka kwakhe ensimini ka ibhange kwesokunxele River Oka ukuba iMoscow yayingenye izimbuku kakhulu. Lokhu landscape libizwa Mescherskaya Izimfunda ezingasogwini. Lapho zikaphayini amahlathi ukukhula ngamandla. Ensimini ka Central elaseRussia amachibi eziningana: Chuhlomskoe uNero Plescheevo futhi galich. Ngokuvumelana nalokhu amadamu kwakhiwa evundile, ngokucebile avundiswe daka. Ngaphezu amaxhaphozi, le ndawo zezikhukhula khulula upland: Suzdal, JuR'EVSKIJj futhi Murom. Ngo-ntshonalanga nesifunda kuhlehlela emuva noMfula iVolga, esibonakala yizikhukhula ebanzi, ngenxa yalesi lweshumi Tver esifundeni embozwe ixhaphozi. Kukhiwa amanzi kulezi ezisezansi, isikhathi eside ungakwazi ukuthola indlela yokuphuma. Bryansk esifundeni bekulokhu idume aminyene. Ingxenye eseningizimu esifundeni bahlanganisa ikakhulu emaqeleni.

isiphetho

Kufinyeta, kungase kuqashelwe ukuthi emaphakathi neRussia kuyinto eziyinkimbinkimbi enkulu izimo Interregional kokuba ngokuba ukuhlonywa nokuthuthukisa umnotho kazwelonke. Libhekene kulesi sifunda isikhundla evumayo kwezomnotho nokuma kwezwe maphakathi engxenyeni European yeRussia. Nokho, emaphakathi neRussia futhi inamaphutha angathi sína - ukungabi khona indlela yokungena olwandle kanye nenani eliphansi imithombo yemvelo ngokungadingekile. Kodwa inxephezelwa ukusondela esifundeni zezimboni ngobukhulu - iVolga Federal District, kanye endaweni kwemtfombo ocebile - European North. Ngaphezu kwalokho, emaphakathi neRussia side by side nge namanye amazwe abalingani - Belarus ne-Ukraine.

Le ndawo le ugcwale kakhulu futhi ithuthukiswe Russian Federation. Central District of Russia iyona kakhulu abantu abahlala emadolobheni kakhulu kuleli zwe. Nakuba isabelo kwemiphakathi yasemadolobheni (80%) kanye inikeza lesi North-West, kodwa ezingeni lokuhlushwa abahlali emadolobheni amakhulu kanye ezindaweni zasemadolobheni ezingu-ke ungowokuqala kulo lonke lelo zwe.