Umkhakha lunye izifunda Russian

Umkhakha lunye ukuphathwa ukudlala indima ebalulekile ekuthuthukiseni isakhiwo of the complex yezimboni uthi futhi izifunda. Abakuchaza zikuphi division indawo zomsebenzi. Kule ndaba, bona babizwa nangokuthi ukuphrofayela, sibalulekile ngamazwe kanye inter-zesifunda. Esesizokuhlola umkhakha eRussia lunye.

Uhlolojikelele

Umkhakha lunye yesifunda kwezomnotho inikeza kungenzeka ukukhiqiza ensimini ethile imikhiqizo ethile e lemali kakhulu kokweqa izidingo ndawo. Lesi sibalo kufezwa ngokusebenzisa izimo zomlando, yemvelo kanye nakwezinye izindlela ekhona yesifunda. Lapho le filimu wenziwa izinombolo ezinjalo ngezinye iphansana zabasebenzi.

Ngakho, umkhakha lunye - a wemboni esikhiqiza umkhiqizo yokuncintisana emakethe international, ukuthekelisa ngamakhasimende. sici yabo emikhulu omningi kanye nekusebenta umthamo production, iqhaza inzuzo indawo. umkhakha lunye ngesikhathi esisodwa nendima ebalulekile nje kuphela inqubo okukhipha kanye nokuthengiswa. Sinenkosi nethonya ukusatshalaliswa amabutho ithele. Zimelele core okuyinto bakhangwa ukukhonza, ukwesekwa kanye nezinye izinhlaka aphelele.

ngokucacile

umkhakha lunye akhiwa kwasekuqaleni, unikezwa bezikhali esifundeni ukukhiqiza ekukhiqizweni - ayewumkhiqizo, okuyinto ngezindleko zalo ongaphakeme ongawenza share okuphawulekayo umthamo isamba. imikhiqizo Yalutho ngezithukuthuku izimo ezikahle. Okubaluleke kakhulu ningamagatsha oyinhloko lunye. Ikhonza njengabameleli regionobrazuyuschie imikhakha ukunikeza umphumela esiphezulu.

Ukuze isihloko Russian Federation ngamunye libhekene lunye lalo. Kuyinto iqoqo imisebenzi ethize, lapho hhayi kuphela kwanelisa izidingo zensimu yabo siqu, kodwa futhi kwezinye izifunda izidingo zezwe. Kwezinye izimo, esikalini ukukhiqizwa libanzi ukuze imikhiqizo ayanikezelwa kwamanye amazwe. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi wemboni of lunye akuyona inketho kuphela iqhaza le ndawo division indawo zomsebenzi. Okubaluleke ngendlela efanayo, futhi ngaleyo ndlela babe ukuxhumana phakathi amayunithi zokuphatha.

umkhakha lunye: Izinhlobo

Ukwahlukanisa imikhakha ithele uqhutshwa ngokuvumelana nezimfuno ezahlukene. Ngokwesibonelo, kukhona ukwehlukana amagatsha ezindaweni ezilandelayo:

• ingqalasizinda Production (tekuchumana, ezokuthutha, ukwakhiwa).
• Ezenhlalakahle (Izinsiza, ezemidlalo, isiko, ezempilo, imfundo nokunye.).
• ingqalasizinda Market (izinkampani zomshuwalense, amabhange, isitokwe Ukuhwebelana, ukuhweba nokunye).

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona amagatsha endawo umkhakha lunye kanye / x. Ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene, zibaluleke wendawo. Lezi ukuhlangabezana nezidingo umkhakha ku esikalini kwezomnotho kuthethelelwe.

division Wendawo zomsebenzi

Kule ndawo, ke imakwe iphethini eziqondile. Nge ukuthuthukiswa amabutho ithele siyakhula futhi isibalo izindawo ezikhiqiza imikhiqizo efanayo igama. I share izindawo isikhathi eside esikhiqiza izimpahla, ngokuvamile kuyancipha njengoba ukukhula okuqhubekayo kwezintathu zomkhiqizo.

Lapho sicabangela ukubaluleka imvelo kanye nemithombo endabeni nokwahlukaniswa kwemisebenzi izici ezimbili okufanele kucatshangelwe. Okokuqala kukhona abanye esitokisini is kude ikuyo yonke indawo. Isici sesibili siwukuthi izinsiza eziningi zemvelo zikhona ezihlukahlukene izindawo, kodwa sentfutfuko kungenzeka kuphela ezindaweni ezithile. Kunamaphuzu amaningana ezindaweni izimayini ingaqala kuphela kulezo zindawo lapho kukhona inothile zitholakalele ukusetshenziswa isimo samanje zamabutho elikhiqizayo, kwezokuxhumana, kwezokuthutha nokunye.

Ngokwesibonelo, imali enkulu amalahle Tunguska umcengezi azisetshenziswa ngenxa yokuswela ensimini wentuthuko. Kodwa sokuthuthukiswa a / v umkhakha lunye we iVolga, North-Caucasus, i-Black Soil ndawo zonke izimo. Ngakho-ke, lapho kuthiwa ngakho ithuthukiswe ukutshala ubhekilanga noshukela beetroot.

Isici zomlando

Futhi okubaluleke kakhulu division indawo zomsebenzi. Ngakho, ngokwesibonelo, umkhakha lunye ubudala yasesiFundeni Central futhi eziningi nezinye izindawo babe omkhulu izimali ukukhiqizwa ubunjiniyela, izinkampani yendwangu, nabasebenzi abaqeqeshiwe. Le nhloso ubiza ukusungulwa nokubambisana Interregional, lokushintshisana mutual imikhiqizo.

Ukubuthelela

Kuyinto khona kuwo wonke endaweni eyinkimbinkimbi. Ubude esifundeni ngasinye ahlukanisa amaqembu amathathu.

Eyokuqala yemikhakha umkhakha / v. Badlala indzima lesembili intuthuko kwimikhakha ukukhiqizwa. Kulezi izimboni esifundeni ngokukhethekile zonke-Russian esikalini. Ngenxa enezimo ezingcono nesimo sendawo kule mikhakha sifinyelele ukusebenza esiphezulu ezingeni elifanayo STP namanye amayunithi zokuphatha.

Iqembu lesibili siqukethe umkhakha lunye, okuyinto ukuchaza umumo wezomnotho, umsebenzi wezakhamuzi. Ngokwesilinganiso ngqo isigaba yabo emikhakheni conjugated. Nokho, lokhu akusho ukuthi esifundeni ngasinye kumele kube khona yonke nomkhakha we izimboni, ukuqinisekisa ukuthuthukiswa kwezindawo neqembu lokuqala. Ezimweni eziningi, akunakwenzeka. Ngokwesibonelo, izimboni ezifana isakhiwo ithangi, amarobhothi, insimbi kanye umkhakha electronic, ubunjiniyela yezimoto, kuyinto enengqondo kakhudlwana nokubambisana kwezinhlaka lesifunda nokubambisana.

Eqenjini wesithathu kukhona izindawo ezikhiqiza imikhiqizo ukusetshenziswa wendawo. Esikhathini ukukhiqizwa, njengoba umthetho, sebenzisa izinsiza zangaphakathi.

Izici ukuthuthukiswa

Amaqembu ngenhla ixhunyaniswe eziyinkimbinkimbi yezimboni esifundeni. Kodwa ingxenye yabo kuyehluka kuye ezingeni amabutho ithele. Ukuze ngamunye wabo ngumnikazi ngezabelo efakwe phakathi kwala maqembu. Lapho kwenzeka umonakalo ukungalingani, kunciphise ukuthuthukiswa komnotho. Lokhu, kuthinta degree of ukusetshenziswa zomsebenzi imithombo.

Ukuthuthukiswa amabutho ithele sithuthukisa nobuhlobo indawo. the nokwahlukaniswa kwemisebenzi kwandisa umthamo ikhiqize lezifunda ngabanye. Ngakho, eSiberia umkhakha lunye 1965 wanikela 6.5% zokukhiqiza Imininingwane kuleli zwe. Ngo-2000, lesi sibalo safinyelela 14.7%.

ingqalasizinda zezimboni

It kungenziwa ihlukaniswa ngokweminyaka criteria ehlukahlukene. I efanele kakhulu namuhla ubhekwa ukwehlukana imisebenzi. Ezokuthutha iqoqo nezokuxhumana, izimoto zonke izinhlobo amadivaysi technical, izakhiwo kanye izindawo, ukuqinisekisa kuhanjiswa kwemphahla kanye ngabantu ngezinhloso ezehlukene. Amandla sphere uba iqoqo amanethiwekhi, ngenxa okuyinto ugesi ihlinzekwa kubathengi. Ngenxa yalesi impahla zibandakanya amayunithi self-service, zikagesi, amandla zikagesi. ukuxhumana Imininingwane zihlanganisa:

• umyalezo Mail.
• Ground nesikhala nezokuxhumana, kuhlanganise yezintambo, optical, umsakazo.

Indle amanzi nosibalo ethulwa futhi ekhethekile piping ukuxhumana izindawo ngawo ukukhiqizwa futhi labantu ukuthola amanzi. Ukuthuthukiswa yonke ingqalasizinda kuyashesha kakhulu. Ngo emkhakheni wezimboni ukwaba izindawo ezikhethekile:

• ukuhweba Mahhala.
• Zobuchwepheshe ukukhiqizwa.
• Ngokuphakeme ezimbonini-ezintsha.
• Inxanxathela.
• Isevisi.
• Innovative nokunye.

kwengqalasizinda

Owenza lunye legatsha:

• Exchange nokusatshalaliswa (umshwalense, amakhredithi, ukuhweba).
• amasevisi Umthengi (Izinsiza, tekutfutsa bagibeli, amasevisi yasendlini, ukuxhumana nomphakathi).
• Ukuvikelwa Health (yokuphepha, ukuthuthwa kwendle kanye nokungabibikho ukunakekelwa kwezempilo, ukunakekelwa kwezempilo, ababasekelayo yezakhamuzi).
• Kumiswa ukuba nombono ongafani ngeke zesayensi kanye nokuqwashisa umphakathi (imfundo, ukuqeqeshwa, imfundo, inkolo, ubuciko).
• Wamaphoyisa (kuphatfwa kwahulumende, ukuzivikela, izinhlangano zomphakathi).

Ingqalasizinda social kukhona inombolo ngokwanele enkulu izimboni ahlukahlukene. Ngakho-ke, kule ndawo kunenkinga yentuthuko eziyinkimbinkimbi. Ngo nengqalasizinda yomphakathi, kanye nezinye izindawo, it has a isakhiwo indawo. izakhi zawo ziyisikhumbuzo amazinga:

• Federal.
• Regional.
• Endaweni.

izakhi isici

Trade - amagatsha kwezomnotho ukuhlinzeka ukuhweba, kuhanjiswa kwemphahla ekukhicitweni emkhakheni umthengi. Lokhu kwenziwa emazingeni ehlukene. Ukuhweba kungenzeka yangaphakathi, yangaphandle ngamazwe. Ezezindlu kuyinto eziyinkimbinkimbi ibhizinisi, ezezindlu, imizi nemisebenzi, ukuhlinzeka amasevisi emphakathini. Kwezinye izifunda, Tinsita abathintekayo kule mboni inkonzo, babanike igesi, amanzi, ugesi. Ukuze impilo zihlanganisa, civil, imisebenzi yomphakathi zomnotho nezempilo ukuthi yenziwa umphakathi, futhi sihlose ukuthuthukisa, ukuvikela impilo yezakhamuzi. Imisebenzi ingqalasizinda yilezi: ukwelashwa kanye nokuvimbela izifo, ukugcinwa ukukhubazeka. Ngomqondo obanzi secrete yangasese, umshwalense kanye ohlelweni lwezempilo lukahulumeni. Imisebentiluhlolo ingqalasizinda zihlanganisa imfundo: imfundo pre-school, imfundo (primary, secondary nezemfundo ephakeme), ukuqeqeshwa kanye ukuphinda uqeqesho. ukwesekwa Military kuhlanganisa: ukusetshenziswa kwezikhali, uhlela ukulwa imisebenzi, yayizothumela amasosha ayo namabutho. Ingqalasizinda ye umkhakha osebenza ekukhiqizeni futhi emkhakheni kwezenhlalo. ukwesekwa Scientific uvezwa uhlobo isisekelo impahla kanye lobuchwepheshe sokuthuthukiswa nemisebenti lephatsekako kanye theory.

emakethe

Kulesi ingqalasizinda abakhona:

• ukwesekwa yokudla , uhwebo lwezitolo. Basuke imelelwa eziyinkimbinkimbi insiza for ukumaketha, ukuthathwa, isitoreji kanye ekuqongeleleni izimpahla nemali. Kuhlanganisa: izimakethe wholesale, izinhlangano ukumaketha, amafriji, emafektri, Ukuhwebelana ukudla, yokuthengisa namahhovisi ukunikezela elisekela nokunye.
• wemboni lwezezimali. Lakhiwa amabhange nezinye izikhungo wahlanganyela kwemali, ukuhlinzeka sokubolekwayo. Kule ndawo afakiwe izinhlangano zomphakathi kanye nezizimele. Phakathi lezi zinkampani kufanele senziwa sasebenza bashintshisane ngolwazi.
• Ezemidlalo kanye nezokuvakasha. Ngo kulomkhakha kufaka amahhotela, travel ejensi, boarding izindlu, emahostela, zemidlalo, imizila yezokuthutha yangaphakathi, izinhlangano zamasiko ukuzijabulisa.
• esishintshashintshayo yokuzilibazisa - izifunda, ukuhlinzeka amasevisi oluphelele ukuze zisetshenziselwe ezokuvakasha.

I-European ingxenye yezwe

Okwamanje, kunomehluko esemqoka ekuthuthukisweni amabutho ithele yezindawo aseNtshonalanga Kapa kanye naseMpumalanga. Ngakho, eYurophu eyayiyingxenye ye bagxila mayelana 80% yokukhiqiza amabhizinisi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo lo umkhakha lunye besifunda kwezomnotho Northern kanye esempumalanga zihlanganisa mayelana 63% lezitshalo yezimayini. Lokhu kuqhathaniswa ibonisa ukuthi izifunda European zinezikhathi izimo ezikahle ngenxa yokwanda umthamo ukukhiqizwa kanye sesimanje. Ukuthuthukiswa yimuphi umkhakha kwendawo Central of lunye singenzeka nge sakugcina lokutshala izimali. wemboni Ekhona akufanele ngaphansi izinguquko ezinkulu. Inani zone euro kumele kunyuke ngezithukuthuku ukuthuthukiswa igunya amandla enuzi, ubunjiniyela mechanical nezinye izindawo, belinganisa lobuchwepheshe inqubekela phambili ohlelweni lonke nezomnotho kuleli zwe. ukukhula Production kumele kwenzeke kuphela ngokwandisa umkhiqizo ngesikhathi ukwehla isihlobo ekuphakeleni ukusetshenziswa, uphethiloli, amanzi, izinto, ugesi.

Emkhakheni wezingalo lunye we Urals okungalungile ukuvumela ukunwetshwa ekhona kanye ukuthunyelwa wamanzi amasha futhi izimboni amandla khudlwana. amabhizinisi okunjalo esifundeni kudingeka ukuqeda nokungalingani kanye amashifu kwesakhiwo. Lokhu kuzosiza ekulinganiseni fuel namandla ibhalansi. Namuhla, umkhakha ubuchwepheshe Urals, eMpumalanga Ekude engxenyeni European konyaka wathumela mayelana 1 bhiliyoni lamafutha okulingana.

zone-Eastern

ukubaluleka kwalo emnothweni namuhla kuphezulu kakhulu. Esikhathini esizayo, indima yemikhakha empumalanga kuzokhulisa kuphela. Lokhu kungenxa inothile ukhuni, igesi, uwoyela, amalahle kanye nezinye izinto zokusebenza, ukuthuthukiswa lesembili wamanzi futhi amandla khudlwana yokukhiqiza ezimbonini. Ngokukhethekile kufanele kukhokhelwe nokubekwa eyinkimbinkimbi umshini-ukwakha abasengxenyeni esempumalanga yezwe. Uxhumano indawo yathola ukusatshalaliswa ongalingani amabutho ithele. Uma, ukwenza isibonelo, umkhakha lunye Urals kukhona exchange ngaphakathi zone zalo, ezindaweni empumalanga ubuswa zokuxhumana zangaphandle nabanye esishintshashintshayo. Inani ukuthekelisa kwemikhiqizo ubunjiniyela kuleyo nsimu YaseYurophu ukulethwa oda 18% kwemingcele yayo, nokungeniswa - 25%. Kulezi zindawo empumalanga kuyinto iphutha okukhulu phakathi uhla imishini tibuye imishini ngamakhasimende nakwezomnotho wesifunda. Enterprises empumalanga kuhluke uzkoprofilnye. Ngakho-ke, 25% kuphela imikhiqizo ubunjiniyela idliwe ngaphakathi zone. 75% kufika ukudlula lokho, kuhlanganise 72% ube se iVolga umkhakha lunye, Central Asia, Kazakhstan.