Amandla Political - umgomo noma izindlela?

Ayini amandla? Lesi simo esiyingqayizivele sibangelwa kuyinto sikhathazeke kuphela theorists othile wezifundo zezombusazwe, kodwa futhi nabanye abaningi, obuhlanganisa kubona futhi abafayo abavamile. Lesi sithakazelo ndlela kuyaqondakala ngoba lesi simanga lihlotshaniswa isikhundla elalihlala umuntu othile noma iqembu e mbhoshongo emphakathini.

Tindlelanchubo ukuqonda

Inchazelo zakudala wukuthi uhulumeni - inhlanganisela amasu nezindlela ezivumela eyodwa ukulawula abanye. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amasu nezindlela, njengoba umthetho, kuvetwa ku ezintathu classical amafomu: ilungelo, igunya kanye / noma ukuhlukumeza. Akubuzwa, ukuthi kungaba umphelelisi futhi ngezinye izikhathi ngendlela efanayo. Lokhu kukhombisa ngokusobala inqubo yentuthuko zomlando lomkhuba.

Ngakho, ngokuvumelana usosayensi wezombangazwe Maurice Duverger, ngamandla alo kumiswa yabonakaliswa ngezindlela ezine eziyinhloko. Eyokuqala yalezi libizwa engaziwa noma isifutho. ukusakazeka kwalo ayenakho ngesikhathi usaqala kakhulu impucuko womuntu, futhi, eqinisweni, wayevela zonke. Esesibili - kuyinto abathile. It is ngokwemvelo siguqulwe kusukela engaziwa, ubufakazi okuyinto ekwakhekeni isigungu samadoda amadala, njll - umholi ngemva - kwenkosi esihlalweni sobukhosi. Isigaba yesimanje ukuthuthukiswa amandla njengoba abaningi abanawo libizwa eyisakhiwo. Lena Fusion eyingqayizivele ezimbili zokuqala amafomu: amandla kwakuthiwa elawo wonke umuntu, futhi eqinisweni - izikhungo ezithile emphakathini, ezifana amaqembu ezombusazwe. Futhi namuhla kukhona uhlobo eyinqaba - igunya supranational. Lesi simo esiyingqayizivele sibangelwa libhekene yokuthi nezikwazi ukuthonya izinqubo ezenzeka emphakathini, kwakheka ngaphakathi endaweni wombuso owodwa, unayo inhlangano supranational.

Ngamunye izinhlobo ezine kwadingeka ngaphambi iqoqo othize amathuluzi owawuthi izinhlobo amandla, ezombangazwe nezinye.

Zinhlobo zohulumeni

Lesi sigaba eziyisisekelo amandla, kuhlanganise zezombusazwe, eyenziwa ngesisekelo nokuhambisana ukufaka zomthetho umphakathi futhi kuleli zwe. Ngakho kukhona izinhlobo ezimbili: okusemthethweni nokungemthetho. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi kuleli cala ukuba semthethweni alikwazi ukuhlobana nge semthethweni. Ngokwesibonelo, ukusebenzisa lonke uhla amakhono ayo, iqembu ungase ukugumbuqela umbuso kunoma isimo nakanjani ngokomthetho. Kodwa yena engakutholi ngemvume abantu, okuyinto ngokuzenzakalelayo kuholela illegitimacy yayo. Kule ndaba, kuyafaneleka ukuba ukuqhuba division yalezi ngoba ngokomthetho, emthethweni futhi esemthethweni.

Lesi sigaba kwamandla wesibili kwenziwa Turf. Ngakho, ngokuvamile kubhekwa isimo, emakethe, zezombusazwe. amandla Market - iqoqo amasu ezikuvumela ukuthatha isikhundla okuholela emnothweni. Political - kuba ithuba ukuthonya umbono wonke umuntu emphakathini. Isimo kuyinto - uhlobo ezombusazwe, lapho umphumela ungaba eyodwa noma yonke amasu eshiwo ngenhla.

Lesi sigaba yesithathu esivela main amandla isimo njengoba zenyathi, kodwa, unikezwa ukubaluleka lolu hlobo, idlala indima ebalulekile. Njengomthetho, izici zayo ezimbili: ngendaba amandla futhi inqubo ekwenzeni lokho okuhleliwe. On isihloko division ke wenziwa ngokuvumelana amagatsha kwamandla kanye izesekeli ezithoba kubo.

Kodwa inani jurists, zezenhlalo nososayensi zezombusazwe namanje limelela division-indlela ukugcwaliseka: amandla yeningi futhi okungezona yeningi. Icala lokuqala lihlanganisa ukusetshenziswa ngezindlela esisemthethweni ukuthonya - kwesokudla, impoqo yezomthetho negunya emfanele. Ngokuqondene yesibili semthethweni kungaba kungabaza. Isibonelo okuphawuleka kakhulu amandla aphelele. Lesi sitatimende kusekelwe iqiniso lokuthi omunye isihloko uma bebona kunesidingo kokubusa ukuphila kwabo bonke abanye. Kodwa Kulokhu namanje ezingavamile emhlabeni wanamuhla yokulwa namandla wengcindezelo kuyisici sobuntu wobushiqela, ziyingozi-zenkolo kanye nohlobo kobushiqela.

Ngakho, amandla - kusenzima indlela ukuze kufezwe izinhloso, kuyilapho akunandaba ku onjani ububanzi ihlanganisa.