Yegatsha - Iyini? Concept, ngezigaba kanye nezinhlobo izimboni

amabutho Sizuzise kwenza babe ukuthi eminye ichaza nokwahlukaniswa kwemisebenzi nemfundo imikhakha yezomnotho kanye namaqembu abo. Emongweni ekuhloleni izinqubo zezomnotho, kubalulekile ukuphendula lo mbuzo: "? Uyini umkhakha"

Umnotho kazwelonke

Umnotho Multi-isakhi emnothweni kazwelonke ngenxa yokubakhona inqwaba izinqubo ukukhiqizwa ezahlukene nezindlela sabele emphahleni.

Zonke subsystems futhi esikhula ezingxenyeni ezithile zesimiso yomnotho kazwelonke libonisa oyiyo. ushintsho wakhe kungadalwa ngokwethula kwentuthuko kwezesayensi nakwezobuchwepheshe izinqubo zokukhiqiza, izinguquko zenhlalo-mnotho emphakathini kanye nezinye izinqubo global. Kukhona amagatsha entsha kanye ye-amagatsha ku isizinda ukunyamalala ubudala, kuba noshintsho umkhiqizo ukuxuba. Yegatsha - yizinga isilinganiso isebenze esigabeni lezomnotho othuthukileko we emnothweni kazwelonke. Futhi kuzovumela ukufunda ngokucace kakhudlwana ukuqonda izinqubo eziyinkimbinkimbi ezenzeka emnothweni wamazwe omhlaba.

Ukwakheka eziyinkimbinkimbi kwezomnotho

Umumo wezomnotho ingahlukaniswa ngokuvumelana nalezi zidingo ezilandelayo:

1. Emkhakheni (umkhakha - kuyinto endaweni ehlukile epulazini): ezolimo, umkhakha, ezokuthutha, nokunye ...
2. Functional (ngokuvumelana umsebenzi): fuel namandla, isakhiwo, ubunjiniyela kanye nezinye izakhiwo.
3. Regional (ngokuvumelana indawo ngaphakathi esimweni esithile).

Uyini umkhakha?

Tadisha isakhiwo nezomnotho kuleli zwe kuhlangene ngokungenakuhlukaniswa umqondo phambi kwethu. Ngakho, bonke abakhiqizi metal bakha insimbi umkhakha, bonke abalimi - wezolimo, njll Ngakho, umkhakha - .. Isethi abakhiqizi kwezimpahla, bethengisa khona kwelinye emakethe (ngomqondo global).

Nokho, ngo-umkhuba, abakhiqizi abaningi ngesikhathi esifanayo ukukhiqiza izinhlobo eziningana imikhiqizo, ngakho-ke ilungile xaxa ncazelo elandelayo. Yegatsha - iqoqo abadlali kwezomnotho, abakhiqizi kwezimpahla wohlobo oluthile egijima amabhizinisi wabo nge ehlukahlukene yocezu olulodwa imishini. Ukudayiswa komkhiqizo esiyolandelwa ezimakethe ezahlukene. Ukuze kube lula, ukuhlaziywa komnotho kucatshangwa ukuthi zonke nomkhiqizi olulodwa ukhiqiza eyodwa okuhle, kwetfula ke emakethe efanayo.

Indlela yokubona umkhiqizo othize umthengi? A emagama lafanako ukuba igama elithi "umkhakha" - igatsha isiqondiso, Ngakho-ke, ukudla imikhiqizo yayo iyoba nabantu abahlosiwe. Uma ekhiqizwa umthengi omuhle, ukuthenga kuyoba isibalo sabantu ezweni lonke. Umkhiqizo ngesimo inzuzo zesikhashana kwezinhloso zenzuzo zonke ezinye izindlela njengakwamanye izindawo emnothweni. Ngakho, amabhizinisi ngoba kucutshungulwa isilwane izikhumba ithengiswe kabusha ngokuphelele lesikhumba umkhiqizo lulwimi siphelile, isibonelo, embonini izicathulo. Isici esibalulekile emnothweni emakethe ukuhlonipha ibhalansi kwaneliswe isidingo ezimakethe ezihlukahlukene umkhakha.

isakhiwo

Umkhakha - lokhu kuyinto umqondo kwezomnotho ezibalulekile, ngakho isifundo yokulandelana kwayo ngokohlu, obhekisela isilinganiso ukwakheka kanye nobudlelwano ezimbonini ezithile, kubalulekile ukuqonda okushiwo izinqubo zezomnotho.

Isakhiwo enkulu umkhakha okungukuthi ethintekile ngabaningi izici, kakhulu abalulekile zazo:

• ukwethulwa intuthuko kwezesayensi nakwezobuchwepheshe;
• acculturation nenhlalakahle;
• wokubambisana, okuhlushwa lunye yokukhiqiza izinqubo;
• Okuqondiwe ekukhuleni kwemboni futhi yonke yayo ye-imikhakha;
• division ngamazwe izinqubo zabasebenzi;
• izici zezenhlalo nezombangazwe zezwe;
• isikhundla State ezimakethe zomhlaba.

isakhiwo Yegatsha iyona lesichubekako kakhulu esimweni lapho kusebenta kwato bunikezwa ukusetshenziswa intuthuko kwezesayensi nakwezobuchwepheshe, kanye nokuqalisa izindlela eziphumelelayo namafomu yenhlangano ezimbonini kanye nokusetshenziswa kwemithombo okungabantu kanye nempahla.

yokwenza iqembu

Umqondo umkhakha buhlobene eduze izinqubo of ukuhlela ngeenqhema nokuhlukanisa kufinyeta. ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene umnotho izici kuhlangene amaqembu athile, okuyinto ingaba njengesihluthulelo isisetshenziswa impahla / umkhiqizo noma inqubo ukufana. Iqembu izimboni uvame ukubizwa nge umkhakha.

Bonke abathintekayo namakhekhe (Muffin, isinkwa, bagels, nokunye. D.), kufanele aqoqwe embonini yokubhaka. Abakhiqizi amaswidi (ice cream, ushokoledi, ehla), okungcono bafakwe esitolo. Zonke "milkmen" (abakhiqizi ubisi, ushizi, ukhilimu omuncu) - e embonini yobisi. Abalimi abenza ukutshala izihlahla zezithelo (amagonandoda, plums, apula) - e horticultural.

Enombono generality enkulu izinqubo zezomnotho zingahlangana zonke lezi abakhiqizi ngesisekelo ukukhiqizwa kokudla embonini yezokudla. Kuyinto kule isimiso isifika Ukubuthelela izimboni emnothweni yesimanje.

wemboni komnotho

Ngokwenza kanjalo, ungathola Amathrendi kwezomnotho eziningana ezinkulu onobunye. Zwisisa ukuthi umkhakha emnothweni, kuzosiza ukubhekana ezinjalo izinhlangano ehlanganisiwe. Ngakho, ngamunye mikhakha Kumiswa ngesisekelo uhlobo ukukhiqizwa generality. Kuze kube manje, kukhona okulandelayo main imikhakha :

1. Nezolimo, ezamahlathi, ukuzingela nokudoba.
2. umkhakha Extractive.
3. Ukukhiqiza umkhakha.
4. Ukwakhiwa.
5. Ugesi, amanzi kanye negesi.
6. Trade: lwezeMpilo Usizo.
7. Transport and Logistics.
8. Medicine.
9. Imfundo.
10. Amahhotela nezindawo zokudlela.
11. Ezezimali.
12. bakaHulumeni.

Kwezomnotho nokwenzeka sihlanganise imikhakha idatha ku izindawo ezinkudlwana:

1. Wemboni zokukhiqiza impahla - ekulimeni ukuze ukwakhiwa.
2. Izikhungo ingxenye (ubudlelwane angaphatheki) - kusukela yezohwebo eya umphakathi.

Inhlanganisela yalawo ezimbili global imikhakha ozofika ngokuphelele wonke umkhiqizo kanye nezomnotho izinqubo esimweni.

Ukwahlukaniswa izimboni OKONH

A ezihlukahlukene imisebenzi amabhizinisi umnotho kazwelonke edonsa isidingo ngezigaba nokulandelanisa. bezobhekana Russian of "National Umnotho Amagatsha" iyindlela behlukanisa imisebenzi ezindaweni sicabangela uhlobo imisebenzi yabo futhi izici isakhiwo. Lokhu kuhlukaniswa saqedwa ngo-2003, kodwa ekutadisheni nokwakheka umkhakha Kungcono ukuqala nalo. Izinhlobo imikhakha yezomnotho, ngokuvumelana Ukubuthelela IBAN, ayehlukaniswe amaqembu amabili. Ukwakheka kwabo ezisohlwini Ithebula.

Kusigaba NACE

Kuze kube manje, ngezigaba Russian of imikhakha yezomnotho sidlula umsebenzi kwezomnotho (NACE), okubandakanya zokwehlukanisa amaqembu ezilandelayo:

umsebenzi iphethini

Noma yimaphi amagatsha umnotho, noma amaqembu imikhakha yezomnotho libhekene inani lezisebenzi, bakhangwe wemboni (umsebenzi embonini yezimayini, isibonelo, 5% wezindleko amandla ekuphathweni labour). Isilinganiso imisebenzi emikhakheni ezahlukene emnothweni ibizwa ngokuthi isakhiwo umsebenzi futhi kuncike umkhiqizo abasebenzi futhi sikhulu kakhulu isidingo izimpahla ezehlukene.

Ngakho indlela kuyinto uhlelo lokuhlelwa kabusha uhlelo emnothweni kazwelonke? Isakhiwo umsebenzi buhlobene eduze izinguquko emnothweni kazwelonke. Iveza izici somnotho, senhlalakahle, ukubalwa kwabantu kanye nezinye ukusebenza umphakathi.

Isakhiwo umsebenzi kuhlanganisa izingxenye eziningana:

1. Public-yangasese:

• baqashwe engxenyeni kahulumeni komnotho;
• baqashwe engxenyeni ezimele.

2. Social - kukhombisa isakhiwo isigaba somphakathi, isilinganiso sabantu abanemfundo yamazinga ezahlukahlukene empilweni.

3. Industry - ibonisa degree yentuthuko imikhakha yezomnotho kahulumeni.

4. Regional - kuthinta ukusebenza elandelayo kweminotho zesifunda:

• ukusetshenziswa zomsebenzi izinsiza;
• ezingeni yentuthuko izisetshenziswa zemvelo zensimu;
• ezingeni yomsebenzi wezomnotho;
• i-isilinganiso sabantu baqashwe.

5. ziqu lochwepheshe - Inikeza ulwazi mayelana inombolo nobuchwepheshe abasebenzi kule ndawo.

6. Ubulili nobudala.

7. Family - libhekene izici ezilandelayo:

• Libonisa isimo jikelele nezomnotho kuleli zwe;
• ezingeni emindenini kuyinto encike ngqo kwi izinkomba ukubalwa kwabantu, okungukuthi lokufa futhi okuzala;
• yizinguquko kwezomnotho okufanele kwenzeke ukuze kwenziwe ngcono izinga kwezomnotho zemindeni umatasa.

8. kaZwelonke - uhlola kwetisebenti nsuku kazwelonke.

Zonke izixhumanisi zihlobene emnothweni kazwelonke futhi ngeke kube khona eceleni.