Umshini Agricultural ngenxa yokuhlanza lamabele ukuhlunga

Ngaphandle kokulima akunakwenzeka ukucabanga ngokunamandla kangaka ukuphila komuntu yesimanje. Lomkhakha izimpahla umnotho kwamanani okudla nezinye izinto zokusetshenziswa nezinye izingxenye umkhakha. Imikhiqizo eziyinkimbinkimbi wezolimo lagcinwa isikhathi eside, kubalulekile ukudala izimo okwamukelekayo, futhi ukuba bafeze esibuyeni, asebenzisa imishini ukuze bahlanze okusanhlamvu amanyela.

okusanhlamvu yokuhlanza umshini

Grain yokuhlanza umshini - umshini ngezinhloso zezolimo, okuyinto lucwaningo yokuhlanza imbewu, kanye ekuhlungeni yayo ehlukahlukene izimfanelo, usayizi, maholoholo, ukuminyana nombala.

Umgomo we operation isekelwe:

• izakhiwo sokunciphisa umoya lapho zindiza;
• usayizi;
• ukuminyana, ukuma, isimo ebusweni imbewu;
• kuyaqina yabo, umbala kanye izakhiwo kagesi.

Umshini ukuze bahlanze okusanhlamvu uyakwazi:

• ukuhlanza imbewu ngosizo ukugeleza komoya;
• uhlukanise okusanhlamvu, kuye ngokuthi ungakanani, kwi-grid;
• isibuya ukukhiqiza ukugeleza komoya;
• kuhlukaniswa ngobude imbewu TRIER;
• okuhlanza ukuhlunga okusanhlamvu kwabantu;
• ukukhiqiza imbewu ukwahlukana ukubukeka nokusetshenziswa amakhamera onjiniyela.

okusanhlamvu yokuhlanza

Inkomba kakhulu eziyisisekelo izinga imbewu ubhekwa ahlanzekile. Ngesikhathi sokuvuna angawa futhi ukungcola nezinye okusanhlamvu. Kuyadingeka ngemva kokuvuna amabele bahlanza.

Yiziphi ukungcola kanye injongo uhlanzekile?

okusanhlamvu Hlanza kwenziwa izinhlobo ezintathu ukungcola:

1. Yokusanhlamvu. Kuhlanganisa: ezilimele, lihluma, zokusanhlamvu zishwabene nokucindezelwa.
2. Weed. Kuthunyelwe ngu-: izigaxa zomhlaba, isihlabathi, slag, amaqabunga, sifanamsindvo, imbewu ukhula zasendle, izinambuzane.
3. Iyingozi. It uyingozi kakhulu ezilwaneni nakubantu. Lokhu kuhlanganisa izitshalo ezinobuthi.

Futhi, zikhona namanje ukungcola ehlukana nokuthi niyotshela trudnootdelimye. Eyokuqala kungaba zisuswe kusetshenziswa izindlela ezivamile, kanti eyesibili - ngosizo imishini ekhethekile.

Uma okusanhlamvu yokuhlanza umshini kulungiswe kahle, khona-ke ukuthi amasimu asemhlophe, ungasusa ngangokunokwenzeka kusukela imbewu yokukhanya ukungcola organic. Futhi lapho avimbekile izindawo ukhula, ukuhlanza yokusanhlamvu ekhiqizwa emva iqoqo. Futhi nokususwa sikhuntile, imbewu olwembiza. Ngempela ingxube is yizingxenye:

• imbewu yokuqala izinhlobo;
• okusanhlamvu Class II;
• Kube sekususwa ukungcola wosayizi omkhulu;
• imfucuza encane.

Le nqubo ibizwa ngokuthi ngokwahlukana fractionating.

Ukubalwa okusanhlamvu yokuhlanza

Ukubala wenziwa esebenzisa amafomula ahlukahlukene. Le nqubo uqobo kuchazwa bhukwana accounting kanye nokubhaliswa ukusebenza ngamabele. Ngokusho kwale dokhumenti, ukubala Kwenziwa, lapho okusanhlamvu uya esitolo futhi uboniswa imibhalo ishede. Uma kukhona kabusha yokubhalisa (emva processing okusanhlamvu), i-mass ibalwa ibalwa. Lokhu mass isetshenziselwa izinhlobo ezahlukene inkokhelo yemali, futhi wokutholakala isibambiso.

Ngakho uyini amakhredithi (zokuhlala) okusanhlamvu isisindo? Lesi sibalo simele mass ebonakalayo ye wokudla, okuyinto kuyehla lemali elilinganisiwe isisindo ukuphambuka ukuze isimo umswakama futhi amanyela emkhandweni imbewu. Ifomula uyaca elilinganisiwe:

Umncintiswano Record mass = isisindo emzimbeni - ngokomzimba mass * (iphesenti nokuncipha ukungcola + amaphesenti umswakama ukuncishiswa) / 100)

Ukubala lokhu ifomula kwenzeka kuphela uma okusanhlamvu sidzinga kulungiswa. Lapho omiswe kwenziwa ukuhlanzwa okusanhlamvu, ukulahlekelwa isisindo kuyehla inani umswakama kanye ukungcola. Zonke izinqubo nemisebenzi uma kwenzeka ngifa.

Indlela zokuthuthukisa umnotho ngesikhathi yokuhlanza yokusanhlamvu

Imbewu ukuza ukukhuluma, kudingeka yenze imizamo emikhulu ukuze wawuqeda wonke lo mqulu wadayiswa ngentengo ehloniphekile. Kanjani lokhu kungafezwa nendlela emzaneni izindleko akufanele sedlule inzuzo?

• Okusanhlamvu lokuqala ahlukaniswa doti nokusaphaza.
• Khona-ke, inqubo yokoma kwamanzi kufanele kube kwesejwayelekile ungawoni imbewu.
• Grain mass yizingxenye ezihlukahlukene, futhi amakilasi banga.
• Futhi, njengoba esigabeni sokugcina, kubalulekile ukuvikela okusanhlamvu inqubo odla.

umshini Agricultural yokuhlanza kulandzelana nekuhlunga okusanhlamvu kuzosiza ukubhekana esigabeni sokuqala nowesithathu.

Systematization yokusanhlamvu zokuhlanza

Grain-yokuhlanza imishini ihlukaniswa:

1. Ngu aphoyintimenti: jikelele futhi ekhethekile. imishini jikelele-njongo asetshenziswa yokuhlanza zamabanga aphansi naphezulu, ukuhlunga. imishini ekhethekile injongo asetshenziselwa ukwelapha asizayo futhi ekhethekile imbewu.
2. Umgomo we operation futhi indlela yokwakheka izakhiwo zokusebenza imishini jikelele-njongo: emoyeni-ngesihlungo, emoyeni, sihlehliswe nomoya-ngesihlungo-Kuhlehliswe.
3. Ngendlela ukunyakaza: fixed kanye mobile.

Umshini yokuhlanza nokuhlela okusanhlamvu

Grain kubhekwa isisekelo ezolimo. Ngemva abavusa ufulawa kufanele kusetshenziswe njengoncedo impahla eluhlaza for umkhiqizo wokudla: isinkwa, imiqulu, ehla futhi pasta, okusanhlamvu. Njengoba ukufunwa kwandisa njalo ngonyaka kule uhlobo lomkhiqizo, kubalulekile ukuba ukuthenga imishini eliphezulu - iphuzu eliyinhloko e ukucutshungulwa okusanhlamvu umkhakha.

Indlela ukukhetha imoto zalolu hlobo?

Ukucubungula yokuhlanza yokusanhlamvu senzeka ngezigaba eziningana. Okokuqala kubalulekile ukucubungula okusanhlamvu, bahlanza amanyela. Ukuqinisekisa le nqubo isetshenziswa umshini yokuhlanza okusanhlamvu. Lokhu imishini unesibopho ukuphumelela imisebenzi, futhi lokho kuzoba ikhwalithi imikhiqizo siphelile.

Ukuze wenze yokuhlanza kokusanhlamvu, kubalulekile ukuthi umshini inikeza lobuchwepheshe, ngaphakathi accordance nga babe izidingo ukukhiqizwa zigqanyisiwe.

umshini Agricultural ngenxa yokuhlanza yokusanhlamvu kungaba ngezinhlobo eziningi:

• Air ngesihlungo isihlukanisi yokuhlanza imbewu ovela emaphashini, amancane ukungcola enkulu.
• Kamneotdelitel esetshenziselwa ukususwa amatshe, ingilazi nezinye ukungcola non-magnetic.
• Treater yokuhlanza yokusanhlamvu kusuka ukungcola ukuthi kukhona emincane noma emikhulu kunalokhu imbewu.
• I isihlukanisi kazibuthe isetshenziswa ukuhlanza okusanhlamvu kusuke amanyela kazibuthe.

Efaneleka kakhulu ukusebenzisa imishini ezingaba ukuhlanza okusanhlamvu kuzo zonke izinhlobo ukungcola okungase kube kuwo. Ngakho-ke kuyadingeka ukuba banake enkulu imishini ezishintshayo.

okusanhlamvu lwesikhashana yokuhlanza umshini

Lolu hlobo imishini yakhelwe ukuhlanza okusanhlamvu zonke izinhlobo amanyela. Ziyakwazi izici ezilandelayo:

• bedla amandla kancane;
• reconfigured kalula nganoma yisiphi izinhlobo zezitshalo;
• c / x okusanhlamvu yokuhlanza mshini esinokwethenjelwa ukusebenza;
• umsebenzi ephelele;
• ifa nenshisekelo ngempumelelo ukuhlanza okusanhlamvu ukungcola ukukhanya;
• ngn7uots3ebolshaya izindleko.

Leyo mikhumbi ethandwa iningi pre-yokuhlanza imishini zihlanganisa:

1. MPO-5. It has a umthamo we 5.9 kW, umklamo ezihlangene. . Mass - 1.2 m ukuklina imizuzu 60: amathani 18 ukolweni, ummbila kanye imbewu sunflower 5 m.
2. LAM-2.5. It has a umthamo we 3.7 kW, umklamo ezihlangene. . Mass - 0,84 m amandla ukususa ama-e 60 amaminithi 9 amathani ukolo, ummbila kanye sunflower imbewu 2.5 m.
3. MPO-50. It has a umthamo we 7.5 kW, ubukhulu elincane. Isisindo -. Amathani 1.041 uyakwazi imizuzu 60 kuya ukuhlanza amathani 50 zokusanhlamvu.

Ngokuvamile, lezi onobuhle asetshenziswa lokwela eyinkimbinkimbi, okuyinto ezibekwe ezindaweni ezenzelwe ngokukhethekile. Ziyakwazi ezifunwayo amapulazi amaningi. precleaning umshini elula usebenza futhi ukonga silondoloze. Ukuze inkonzo yabo idinga umakhenikha eyodwa kuphela. ukuphila Izikhungo ongafinyelela kuya kwezineminyaka eyishumi.

Machines yamabele eyinhloko yokuhlanza

ukuphathwa Primary yokusanhlamvu ngezithukuthuku yokuhlanza imishini. Umshini ngenxa yokuhlanza yokusanhlamvu (primary) kuyinto onobuhle ezifana: i-DR-20 (20a, 10).

kuyinto eyinhloko inqubo yokwelapha kanjani?

Ngosizo imishini ezishisa kakhulu zikhipha izinhlayiyana yisibalo esikhulu sabasebenzi esingakaze ukungcola ezinkulu nezincane ukuze okusanhlamvu ukulahlekelwa babe omncane. Ukwahlukana Kwenziwa phezu ekwazi ukumelana namandla omoya izakhiwo, ububanzi kanye ukushuba njengoba kule mishini emoyeni-ngesihlungo. Lapho uphenya ubude yokuhlanza block lingasetshenziswa. Lost imbewu core kulesigaba - hhayi kuka 1.5%. Ngemva yokwelapha eyinhloko okuqukethwe ukungcola ezilimazayo kuyehla kube 3%.

Imishini ukuze bahlanze okusanhlamvu yesibili

okusanhlamvu Secondary yokuhlanza imishini - ukungcola uhlukane wokusanhlamvu zihlukile ububanzi, ukujiya kanye izakhiwo sokunciphisa umoya lapho zindiza.

Basuke ezifakiwe futhi lisetshenziswe neminyango wokulungiselela at Mills. Lezi imishini ahlanzekile: okusanhlamvu, okusanhlamvu, ezobuchwepheshe kanye oilseeds. Kunezinhlobo ezinjalo:

• SAP-7;
• amabhlogo sihlehliswe BTM;
• PT-600;
• MS-4.5

ukwelashwa kwesibili okuhloswe lendawo imbewu okusanhlamvu lapho zize zidlulele yokwelapha eyinhloko. Okwazi ukukhulula hhayi ngaphansi kuka-80% amanyela.

Ukuze unikeze labantu imikhiqizo izinga, njalo nomkhiqizi ubophekile ukuba banakekele inqubo. Lonke umugqa ukukhiqizwa kufanele libe kuphela imishini yesimanje, okuyinto izosiza ukunciphisa izindleko ukugcinwa, ukuhlanzwa kanye kabusha proudktsii. Ukuze kuqhutshekwe ukuhlola imishini kanye nezici zayo, ukubaluleka, emihle nemibi I izinhlangothi kungaba usizo ochwepheshe noma ukuqapha amasayithi athile.