Sentimentalism ezincwadini, izici zako ezisemqoka nabameleli

Igama elithi "sentimentalism" (ukuzwela) ubuciko ukucabanga libizwa egcizelela isisekelo ngokomzwelo yazo zonke izinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo. Sentimentalism ezincwadini imelelwa sonke isizukulwane kokubili abaculi Western futhi Russian bezwi, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ngenkathi yakhe eyathatha isikhathi esifushane - kusukela 18th ekuseni kuya ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19. Lapho kwazalelwa zemibhalo yilona United Kingdom. Kukulo muzi lapho ekupheleni kweminyaka eyishumi kwekhulu le-18 yesibili owazalwa baba litholakale umfundi jikelele "Four Seasons" uJames Thomson. Lokhu umsebenzi wokubhala ehlanganisa ezinkondlweni eziningana ngaphambili disparate wasinika abantu uthando nezwe elibazungezile. inkondlo Ngayinye yembula umuntfu lofundzako loko lokushiwo nezwe elimangalisayo komkhathi yasemakhaya nobuhle ebukeka zwe.

Thomson wathatha baton Umlobi oyiNgisi uThomas Grey Elegy yakhe "yasemaphandleni Amathuna". Lo mlobi wabuye yazama ukuvusa isithakazelo umfundi incazelo nemvelo, ukuvusa uthando kuye noma ububele okungenani emzaneni abantu abavamile elula, ophila nje futhi usebenza kanzima ukuze esihle umkhaya kanye nezwe. Zonke umsebenzi is ebuswa zibona Gray ukuphila zabantu basemaphandleni, okuyinto ulunika uhlamvu kwemicabango melancholic. Sentimentalism ezincwadini njalo elihlobene ne amagama Laurence Sterne ( "Sentimental Journey") noSamuweli Richardson ( "Clarissa Harlowe"). Eyesibili neze wabhala mayelana nemvelo, ukubaluleka komsebenzi wakhe ukuchaza abalingisi ezihlukahlukene, kanye isiphetho zabanikazi abafanele. Richardson ngobuqili wenza ngesikhathi esifanele zonke umphakathi isiZulu phezulu bayabubula futhi ukhathazeke, uthando futhi uzonde uxoxa nabalingiswa abasemqoka yemisebenzi yakhe.

Sentimentalism ezincwadini French elihlobene ne ngaye imisebenzi yokudala Zhana Zhaka Rousseau kanye Jacques de Saint-Pierre. Ngaphansi kwethonya kwemizwa isihawu abalobi IsiZulu wadala imisebenzi efana "The Life of noMarianne", "New Eloise", "uPawulu et Virginie". Esikhathini amanoveli ka abalobi isiFulentshi Maphakathi nekhulu le-18 ubuswa inhlanganisela izinhlamvu isihawu inhliziyo ngokumelene okwenza ubuhle bemvelo: amapaki ezisemadolobheni, ihlathi amachibi nemifula. Ikakhulukazi kude eminakweni yakhe etemibhalo iza de Saint-Pierre, ukuguquguquka inoveli nabalingiswa abasemqoka 'uPawulu et Virginie' e ezikude eNingizimu Afrika. Umfundi yemisebenzi yakhe ivela ake ubheke umbhangqwana wase uthando intsha zikude ngentuthu ezisemadolobheni befuna, wedwa nemvelo yayo intombi futhi imizwa ngobuqotho.

Sentimentalism ezincwadini Russian kuzibonakalisa kuphela namashumi okugcina eminyaka yawo kwekhulu le-18, lapho liphefumulelwe imisebenzi Goethe, Richardson futhi Russo Nikolay Karamzin ubhala "Izincwadi we Traveller Russian" yakhe. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi esikhathini esizayo Karamzin Uthole ngabalingisi kweshumi, kokubili ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19, futhi ngemva kweminyaka eminingi. Umsebenzi wakhe "Kubi Liza" iyingqayizivele yangempela Russian temibhalo yephrozi netindzaba isihawu. Indaba ompofu, okhohliswayo indoda intombazane wathandwa izinhliziyo izinkulungwane zabafundi abakhuluma. Alexander Izmailov, liphefumulelwe inoveli, wabhala ngo-1801 bakhe "Kubi Masha", Ivan Svechinskaya - "Henrietta" (1802). Izici eziyinhloko sentimentalism Russian yilezi:

• ihlelo Ukwanelisa inkanuko, le predominance izizwa phezu ngentando yomuntu;
• ukujula emhlabeni kwangaphakathi ngiswa abasemqoka abazizwa;
• kutibophelela benemibono engcono amaqhawe, search yabo yaphakade imizwa yangempela.

Injongo Russian temibhalo yephrozi netindzaba evusa inkanuko kwaba ukudala ulimi olusha olusankondlo, okuyinto bekumele esikhundleni ulimi ubudala futhi eside grandiloquent uqobo izzhivshemu aristocrats. Ngeshwa noma ngenhlanhla, lokhu akwenzekanga. Ngu 1820, sentimentalism Russian isiphelile ngokuphelele ngokwayo futhi imigomo yayo iye yaqhubeka zingagcwaliseki.

Namuhla, izazi-mlando eziningi izazimlando zobuciko zivame ukuba bakholelwe ukuthi isihawu ukunyakaza etemibhalo kwakumane esiteji esidlulayo elikhulu ekuthuthukiseni imibhalo emhlabeni wonke jikelele. Sentimentalism ezincwadini maphakathi nekhulu le-18 kwaba esiteji zesikhashana kusukela classicism ukuze romanticism. Ukuba ekugcineni ezingadingekile, uye ukhathele ngokwayo, ngaleyo ndlela evula indlela entsha mkhuba etemibhalo.