Memo kothisha nabafundi: imithetho yokuziphatha okunikezwe esikoleni phakathi umlilo

Ukuze ugweme izingozi, ngisho nokufa, imithetho yokuziphatha esikoleni uma kwenzeka kuqubuka umlilo kufanele libukwe ngokuqinile. Ngokwezibalo, kuphela inhloko-dolobha yaseRussia ngo-2014 kwaba imililo 30 ezinkulu, futhi eziyishumi - ezikoleni. Ngo-2015, 6 zalezi imililo baye bakhiqiza umonakalo omkhulu impahla. Isizathu esikhulu umlilo - Ukuphathwa abanganaki komlilo esikoleni. Kanye yokuntuleka ulwazi yokusebenza kagesi kanye umlilo iziqondiso zokuphepha.

Kungani kukhona umlilo?

Imililo zenzeka ngenxa handling abanganaki lomlilo futhi izinto eziqhumayo. Isizathu kungaba iphutha noma wesifunda esifushane basebenzise izinto zikagesi. Ngokwesibonelo, uma omunye isokhethi kuhlanganisiwe inqwaba amadivaysi ezinjalo. Imililo zenzeka ngenxa wokhelwa othile. Lokhu kubangelwa umlilo bangaba umbani, umbani ngiphethe induku, noma iphutha umdlalo ngomentshisi. Ngezinye izikhathi - sengozini yamagceke noma izinto ukusuka elangeni.

Yini odinga ukuyazi mayelana esiphuthumayo kusengaphambili?

Imithetho kuxoxwa ngokuziphatha kwezingane zesikole emlilweni esikoleni zidinga ulwazi imizila yokuphunyuka. Bonke othisha kanye nabafundi kumele alungele ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu. Ukuphatha esikoleni ukuthuthwa kwabantu ngenxa yengozi uhlelo kumele ithuthukiswe kusengaphambili. Ngaphambi umlilo, zonke izenzo uma kunengozi yomlilo wayekwenza nezingane e inguqulo zemfundo.

Isenzo sokuqala uma umlilo

Imithetho zokuziphatha lapho kuqubuka umlilo esikoleni langena izinyathelo zokuqala okumele zithathwe uma luvutha. Kwake kwaba khona umlilo, udinga ukucisha main switch ugesi kanye negesi. Uma wokhela zikagesi, cisha inethiwekhi, bayigubungele ngendwangu emanzi. Khona-ke udinga uvalwe iminyango eduze namawindi abaphila umoya-mpilo. Ukuze umlilo omncane - ukuzama ukucisha amalangabi nge mlilo. Kubalulekile ukuletha izakhiwo kwezingane ezincane kanye nabantu asebekhulile.

Ngesikhathi sibaleka usendaweni umlilo nabo ongalungisa kuphela izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu (imibhalo, imali, izinto eziyigugu). Ungayisebenzisi ikheshi. Ukwehla udinga ukusebenzisa izitebhisi. Kubalulekile ukuvikela kusuka ukuphefumula intuthu. Ngezinye nokuqukethwe kwalo okusezingeni eliphezulu egumbini - ukuze uthole ophumayo ngihambahambe ngamadolo. Umnyango akufanele siphethe ukhiye.

Imithetho yokuziphatha kwezingane emlilweni esikoleni - kanye lapho ukubika?

Uma umlilo kwatholakala esikoleni, wena kumele ngokushesha sazise umuntu omdala ngakho (othisha noma onogada) noma kubangele umlilo. Kuze kube yimanje, ifoni idolobha dials 101 kusuka efonini ephathekayo - kuyinto 112. Ngaphambi kokuthi ushayele, udinga ukuba kwehle uvalo. Dispatcher kubika ulwazi:

• ukubhekana lapho umlilo owasungula futhi nenombolo lesikole;
• indlela eqinile umlilo, okungukuthi, degree of ingozi nempilo yabantu kanye ukuphila;
• kulokho Igumbi umlilo oluthukuthele;
• ukuthi futhi kungakanani;
• noma yiluphi ulwazi mayelana umlilo (a wiring eziphukile, izibani agqoke, njll);
• Igama eligcwele kanye nenombolo yakho yocingo.

Ngemva ucingo ifoni akufanele kube inqanyuliwe ngenxa dispatcher ungabiza ukubuza imibuzo hlandla. Lapho ingxoxo isiphelile, kwabikwa ukuthi kwakubulawa abophiko lwezokuphepha kwesokunxele kakade. Uma kungenzeka, kungcono ukulinda umbukiso umlilo nendawo umlilo futhi ubabonise indlela emfushane.

Imithetho yokuziphatha ephephile umlilo esikoleni: izinyathelo kuqala

Ungakwazi Ungethuki. Abafundi iyahambelana ngoba ithimba othisha kukholamu abantu ababili futhi aphume esakhiweni a izindlela zangaphambi qeda noma ngokusebenzisa kweminyango eziphuthumayo. Kodwa ngaso sonke isikhathi ngaphansi kokuqondisa kothisha.

Class othisha kumele alethe log ukuqeqeshwa. Lezi zinsika trailing ifakwa abafana kakhulu okulungiselelwe, emzimbeni. abafundi Hambisa ikholomu kufanele ngokushesha, kodwa ungagijimi.

Umlayezo mayelana ukuthuthwa kwabantu ngenxa yengozi

Imithetho yokuziphatha okunikezwe esikoleni phakathi umlilo linqume izenzo ecacile ngesikhathi sibaleka. Ithola abantu aphume esakhiweni. Awukwazi bamemeze bathi "Umlilo!", Njengoba kungaholela ukwethuka. Futhi ngenxa yalokho - umhlatshelo ongumuntu, nakuba usongo ngqo impilo wayengekho.

Kunezindlela eziningana ukuze umlilo alamu:

• isixwayiso izwi;
• flow alamu ucingo mqulu;
• Ukucindezela inkinobho uvalo;
• ngu ilawudispikha ukuthi osakaza kulo lonke isakhiwo (umbhalo kufanele uzilungiselele kusenesikhathi).

Ukuthuthwa kwabantu ngenxa yengozi uma umlilo

The main yokuphunyuka umzila - kweminyango eziphuthumayo. Uma intuthu blanketing izingane zidluliselwa esesayidini isakhiwo, kulandele ukuhoxiswa abafundi. Abafundi besikole samabanga aphakeme avunyelwe ukusiza esiphuthumayo abafundisi esikoleni samabanga aphansi (ukusiza ugqoke, athobe, njll).

Imithetho yokuziphatha okunikezwe esikoleni phakathi umlilo bathi ukuqoqwa izingane agcinwe endaweni ethile, okumele okuvunyelwane kusengaphambili. Ngokuvamile kuba egcekeni lesikole. Izingane iyahambelana ngu grade and Roll iqala esikoleni magazini. Uma umuntu akanayo, umlilo ngokushesha wakufaka ukuthandwa. Lisuselwa umlilo lentuthu abafundi kumele afakwe pre-ukulungele zakhiwo icala.

Uma abantu bengaboni ukuthi ukuphuma esakhiweni esivuthayo

Uma othisha nabafundi ziye nginqume ophumayo, awukwazi zama ukuthola emlilweni. Kuyadingeka ukuthola ekamelweni khulula (nge amafasitela) kusukela intuthu (noma okungenani ekuqukethe). Khona-ke, ukwehlukanisa ikamelo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kudingeka caulk zonke imifantu nge zidwedwe nokushaya komoya grilles. Uma kungenzeka - indwangu zangaphambi ezimanzi. Ukuze izindwangu angasebenzisa amakhethini noma izingubo.

Imithetho yokuziphatha yomfundi umlilo esikoleni: noma kunjalo ayikwazi ukuvula amafasitela. Lokhu kungakhuphula kuphela traction kanye umlilo ngokuthola umoya-mpilo owengeziwe ingxenye kukhuphukele emakhaleni ami ngomfutho ovuselelwe. Uma ekamelweni angawodwa namanje got intuthu, udinga ukuba alale phansi bese uphefumula ngendwangu emanzi. Uma kungenjalo, ukuvala izitho zokuphefumula zokugqoka. Amawindi angavulwa kuphela ngemva kokubona umlilo. Futhi ukukhala kufanele athole ukunakwa abo.

Fire wokukucima kusho kuyatholakala

Ngaphambi kokufika izicishamlilo uzame ukucima kungaba izindlela ngokurhaba. Ngokwesibonelo, ukuhlela ukugeleza kwamanzi aphuma empompini noma ukusebenzisa mlilo. Kodwa imithetho yokuziphatha esikoleni ngesikhathi isimo umlilo indlwabu ukucima ingasetshenziswa kuphela uma ayinazo usongo nempilo yabantu kanye ukuphila futhi kuyabonakala umthombo ukushisa. Uma kungenjalo, kungase kubangele i-carbon monoxide poisoning. Ngisho 0.1-0.5 amaphesenti okuqukethwe emoyeni kungaholela nokulahlekelwa ukwazi ngisho ukufa okuzumayo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, indlela eyisa umlilo kufanele kube ephephile. Uma isiqhume ngempela kakhulu ke ayicime ngokwakho kuyize. Kulokhu, udinga bazama ukuvimba ukufinyelela-mpilo umlilo, vala yonke iminyango namafasitela, cisha ugesi, bese uzama ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze ukuphuma masinyane ekilasini. Uma ezingeni oxygen isakhiwo uzokwehla ukuba amaphesenti angu-17, amandla omlilo liyaphela.