I-isihlungi igesi imaski: ngezigaba, isiqu, wokugubha, isitoreji isikhathi. kudivayisi imaski

Ezimweni eziningi eziphuthumayo zidinga buso, njengoba uvumele ukuhlanza emoyeni kungangcoli. Uyasenza lesi lemifanekiso umsebenzi. Njengoba ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ngeke uhlanze izinga lomoya, ke kufanele kuthathelwe indawo. Amadivayisi ukusiza ezimweni eziphuthumayo.

kudivayisi

Hlunga imaski has a high polymer-metal noma esiyinhlanganisela igobolondo cylindrical fomu. I-apharathasi yakhiwa isihlungi kuyizinhlayiyana kanti icala (core umswakama). Ngesisekelo indaba yokuqala multi-ingxenye nge uhlaka cellulose zemicu isakhi zokuhlunga, okubandakanya Imicu asbestos, ingilazi zemicu zokwenziwa.

kudivayisi imaski kusenza siqonde ukuthi isebenza kanjani. Kube kagesi isihlungi zaxoxa ngokwaziswa okuklanyelwe wasithatha izinhlayiya usebenzisa electrostatics. air ukuhlanzwa uthuli ukuthi kukhona usayizi cell strainer, wenziwa athutha.

carbon Kuvulwa isetshenziswa kumadivayisi nge umswakama yamathebhu lenhlanganisela. It okudingekayo ukuthuthukisa izakhiwo zokuhlunga. Icala ubizwa ngokuthi ungqimba mfutho, okuhlanganisa ocushiwe carbon okufakiwe. Ngosizo lwabo, ngcono izingxenye sebethule. izithasiselo ezinjalo zihlanganisa metal oxides nosawoti. idivayisi olunjalo olwenza imaski isihlungi qualitative emoyeni.

Ukwakheka imaskhi igesi

Idivayisi ezokuphepha kuhlanganisa izingxenye ezibalulekile eziningana, ukuhlinzeka isivikelo ezingcolisa womuntu. Isibalo izingxenye ezidingekayo zihlanganisa:

• phambi iraba ingxenye: ihlanganisa yokuxhuma ipayipi futhi umphini ibhokisi;
• umphini ibhokisi;
• yokuxhuma tube;
• zokuhlunga-iyavuleka ibhokisi;
• isikhwama protivogaznaya.

Zonke izingxenye imaskhi ziyadingeka ngenxa yokuthi isihlungi emoyeni inikezwa nabo. Uma ezinye izingxenye ukukhubazeka ebonakalayo, kubalulekile ukuba zithathe isikhala sawo.

amakilasi Ezokuphepha

Ngu uhlobo "ziye ngapha nangapha ngesisefo" kuyizinhlayiyana ukuhlunga amakilasi eziningana Ukuvikelwa:

• alibale uthuli indawo;
• akavumeli uthuli, intuthu, inkungu;
• It zivikela esihle mists, inkungu, intuthu, lamagciwane.

Yikuphi ukukhetha isihlungi imaskhi incike uhlobo eziphuthumayo. Kunoma ikuphi, le divayisi ngeke ukuvikela emiphumeleni emoyeni kungangcoli. Kukhona izindlela ngenhloso letsite, isib, ukuze uhlunge ammonia igesi buso.

wokugubha

Hlunga bafike bachitha amabhakede anendle ukuze imaskhi igesi kungenziwa kumakwe ngale ndlela:

• A (brown): livikela kuphethiloli, iziketekete acetone, benzene, toluene.
• I (yellow): ungaphuthelwa chlorine, i-sulphur dioxide, i-hydrogen chloride, i-hydrogen sulphide, phosgene.
• T (ophuzi-black): livikela kusuka mercury futhi izinto eziphilayo.
• KD (grey) ikhumbule ammonia, hydrogen sulfide ne.
• E (abamnyama) ivikela ngokumelene ingress hydrides arsenic, i-phosphorus.
• M (obomvu) ikhumbule carbon monoxide nge engokwemvelo, i-ammonia, amagesi acid.
• SB (omhlophe) ivikela umuntu-carbon monoxide.
• BKF: ukuvikela amagesi acid, evala organic, aerosols, hydrides arsenic, i-phosphorus.

Amabhokisi kukhona omningi, aphakathi nendawo kanye elincane, ebheka isikhathi isivikelo emoyeni kungangcoli. Uma banayo isihlungi kuyizinhlayiyana, isikhathi ukusebenza kuyehla. It kungatholakala khona white stripes mpo, futhi amabhokisi amancane - umbala omhlophe phansi. Amabhokisi A, B, CD, D, E ngaphandle isihlungi kuyizinhlayiyana okhonjiswe inani 3. Ngakho-ke, mshini zabo kungenziwa imelelwa - A3B3Reactor2. Kulokhu, isihlungi imaski igesi 3 has Ukuvikelwa ekilasini uhlobo A. isiqinisekiso imininingwane enjalo ingase ibe ingakapheli iminyaka 3-5.

Ukukhonjwa amadivayisi amasha

Ukwahlukanisa izihlungi igesi buso izinhlobo ezintsha zezinto eziphilayo zingase zibe imibala ehlukahlukene izinhlamvu wokugubha. Lezi imithetho zahambisana nokwakushiwo EU. Kukhona notation ezilandelayo:

• A (brown) zivikela amagesi organic, evala ngenhla 65 degrees.
• B (grey): livikela kusuka amagesi wezinto ezingaphili, ama Okuwukuphela carbon.
• CO (purple) inikeza isivikelo-carbon monoxide.
• E (ophuzi): ungaphuthelwa amagesi acid, ukuhwamuka acid.
• K (green): umuntu wenziwa bavikelekile ammonia ne Amine compounds.
• P (omhlophe): livikela emagciwaneni.
• HG (obomvu): Kuyadingeka ukuba asuse mercury umusi kanye compounds oluyingozi.
• Axe (brown): hhayi kokushiya izinto eziphilayo.
• Sx (violet) ukuhlunga ubuthi anobuthi.
• Reaktor (orange): zivikela enemisebe iodine isotopes.

Modern isihlungi imaski adingekayo Ukuvikelwa izinga abantu kusukela izinto eziyingozi emoyeni.

Amathiphu Ukukhetha

imishini Avikelayo akufanele kube egumbini lapho umoya uthwele esingaphansi 18% oksijini, ezingcolisa atholakala emakamu eliphezulu. Hlunga ibhokisi Kufanele kukhethwe ukuze zifaneleke ku emoyeni.

Uma kudingeka ukuba ubambe abantu ngokusebenzisa intuthu, lapho oqavile -carbon monoxide, edingekayo CO 2 kophawu grade emhlophe. Ngo okuxubile ngazimbili ukungcoliswa amagesi organic acid umkhethe yini ibhokisi BKF. Nge ngesisi respirators ukusetshenziswa ne-gas zokuhlunga.

Lapho esikhundleni iyadingeka?

Ulwazi mayelana isenzo isikhathi ozimele elizoba umsebenzi reference isihlungi buso. izikhathi Isitoreji zingase zihluke, konke kuncike imodeli. Kukhona izindlela eziningana sokunquma ukuthi uvumele ukusungula isidingo isihlungi esikhundleni. Le nqubo liyadingeka uma ezicashe lubonakale igesi enobuthi. Indlela kuyingozi ngoba wazizwa ngokucacile okusezingeni eliphezulu emakamu amagesi.

Hlunga esikhundleni liyadingeka uma kushintshwa isisindo zedivayisi. Lokhu kukhetha efanelekayo amabhokisi ukuthi bamba CO. Basebenta umswakama ongaphakeme kanye at high engasebenzi. Ngenxa ukumuncwa umswakama kanye namadivayisi ngibopha isisindo siba sikhulu.

Yomiselela kungadingwa ngemuva kwesikhathi esithile ukusetshenziswa. Inketho kufanelekile buso brand G. Uma iyunithi yasetshenziselwa amahora mayelana 100, ibhokisi kufanele kuthathelwe indawo. imaski ngamunye ungaba nokuphila kwabo eshalofini. Kubalulekile ukuhambisana nabo, njengoba kuthinta nokuvikeleka komuntu.

Fakela ukuhlunga okusha kungaba kwenziwe ngesikhathi esasihleliwe. Kulokhu, ibhokisi kufanele zishintshwe njalo uma izingxenye eziyingozi emoyeni omningi. Izinqubo abazenzi nangemva izifundo laboratory. Khona-ke ukuhlunga kosuku lokuphelelwa yisikhathi esabekwa isilingo. Ikhompyutha ukumodeliswa kwesikhathi izihlungi umsebenzi ikuvumela ukuba ichaze ezintweni ezingezinhle, kuhlanganise lokushisa kanye nomswakama. esikhundleni isikhathi kunqunywa izakhi - izinzwa. ukufakwa esifike isihlungi ikuvumela ukuthi usebenzise idivayisi ngaphandle umonakalo empilweni.