GMO: inzuzo noma umonakalo? Izakhi ukudla nezinto eziphilayo. Uhlaka lomthetho

Isihloko lesi sihloko: "GMO: inzuzo noma ilimaze?". Zama ukuthola ngokungakhethi kule ndaba. Phela, ukuntuleka umnqopho yesono izinto eziningi manje bazinikezele lesi sihloko impikiswano. Namuhla, emazweni amaningi (kuhlanganise naseRussia), umqondo GMO zaqala ukusetshenziswa lapho kukhulunywa "imikhiqizo ezibangela umdlavuza futhi ukuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo." Kusukela nxazonke GMO baphonse udaka Ezenzakalweni ezihlukahlukene: kunganambitheki, bengalondekile, sesatshiswa ukudla ukuzimela wezwe lakithi. Kodwa asaba nokudla okushintshwe izakhi , nokuthi ngempela? Ake uphendule le mibuzo.

imiqondo kulungiswa

GMO - eziphilayo izakhi is, ukuthi ukulungiswa amasu genetic engineering. Umqondo esinda osebenza ku isitshalo. Esikhathini esidlule, abalimi ahlukahlukene, ezifana Michurin, azuzwe izakhiwo ewusizo zezitshalo, usebenzisa ezihlukahlukene tricks. Lezi zilimi zazihlanganisa, ikakhulukazi, cuttings ngokuxhunyelelwa ezinye izihlahla noma ezinye izinqumo seeding kuphela izimfanelo ezithile. Ngemva kwalezi zinto kwaba eside silindile imiphumela, okuyizinto ezimbalwa izizukulwane kuphela ngokuqinile kubonakala khona. Namuhla, isakhi sofuzo angadluliselwa endaweni efanele futhi ngokushesha ukuze uthole lokho okufunayo. Okungukuthi GMO - iyona isiqondiso yokuziphendukela kwemvelo endaweni efanele, shesha ke.

Lasekuqaleni injongo zizalela GMO

Inhloso deducing GMO waqale ukwandisa isivuno izitshalo ezahlukene, ukwandisa ukumelana kwabo izici ezingezinhle (izakhi ukushoda, isomiso), ukuvela insensitivity amagciwane alithandeki ukuze izinambuzane eziwuhlupho. Ngamanye amazwi, ososayensi bafuna ukuthola izitshalo at izindleko okungenani ongathuthuka kuzo, nika ezithela eliphezulu, futhi ngaleyo ndlela axazulule inkinga yayo ukudla. Futhi umbuzo sibi namuhla emazweni amaningi emhlabeni. Lokho iwumgomo oyinhloko bezingelwa genetic engineering kanye biotechnology, ukudala GMO.

kanjani GMO?

izindlela eziningana ingasetshenziswa ukwakha isitshalo GMO. Ethandwa kakhulu namuhla indlela transgenes. izakhi ezifiselekayo (isib nesomiso ukumelana zofuzo) leyo walulama ngefomu okumsulwa kusukela neketanga DNA. Ngemva kwalokho, busuka DNA yesitshalo idinga ukushintshwa.

Zofuzo lingathathwa zinhlobo ahlobene. Kulesi simo nqubo ibizwa ngokuthi tsisgenezom. Transgenesis kwenzeka uma isakhi sofuzo esikhiqiza ethathwa zinhlobo ezikude.

Kuyinto horror zokugcina izindaba uhambe. Abaningi bafunde ukuthi kakolweni ukhona namuhla ne scorpion isakhi sofuzo ziqala ukuba siphuphe, ayibi emuva uma labo ukuyisebenzisela ukudla, izimpiko kanye nomsila. Ziningi ukushicilelwa futhi bengafundile ezithangamini namawebhusayithi uphalafini emlilweni. Namuhla GMO indaba ephathwayo, inzuzo noma ilimaze okuyinto ngenkuthalo okuxoxwa ngakho, hhayi-ke ilahlekelwe lokuhambisana. Nokho, lokhu akukhona ukuphela kwento ukuthi "izazi", labo abasha ukuze biochemistry eziphilayo, okwesabisa abathengi abangase babe ngabasebenzisi bemikhiqizo equkethe GMO.

imikhiqizo GMO

Namuhla, le mikhiqizo bavumile ukubiza yini izakhi eziphilayo, noma imikhiqizo okuyinto zinezigaba zalezi zinto. Lokho GMO-ukudla akuzona kuphela amazambane izakhi noma ummbila, kodwa futhi ayi, okuyinto kunezelwa ngaphezu Offal kanye sodium nitrate -GMO kabhontshisi. Kodwa ukukhiqizwa inyama izinkomo Kondliwa kakolweni equkethe GMO ayoshaywa indiva umkhiqizo elinjalo.

Effect GMO emzimbeni womuntu

Izintatheli abangabhalisile ababeyizazi izihloko ezifana genetic engineering kanye biotechnology, kodwa ukuqonda ukubaluleka kanye ukuphuthuma nezindaba GMO, umkhankaso duck wokuthi amathumbu ethu nasesiswini, anama imikhiqizo angena egazini bese ukusakaza ezicutshini futhi izitho lapho umdlavuza futhi ukuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo.

Kufanele uqaphele ukuthi le ndaba kumnandi ikude ngokoqobo. Noma yimuphi ukudla GMO noma nabo, e amathumbu esiswini ubola ngaphansi isenzo enzyme emathunjini, uketshezi esiswini kanye juice pancreatic ibe izingxenye ingxenye, futhi zingekho nhlobo izakhi zofuzo kanye namaprotheni ayizange. Lokhu amino acid, triglyceride, ushukela elula fatty acid. Konke lokhu ezingxenyeni ezahlukene pheshana emathunjini bese angena egazini, bese esichithwa izinjongo ezihlukahlukene: ukukhiqiza amandla (ushukela), njengoba izinto zokwakha (ama-amino acid), zigcine amandla (amafutha).

Isibonelo, uma uthatha umzimba gennomoditsifirovanny (isibonelo, uye waba njengomuntu i ugly ikhukhamba apula), kuyoba ezokuhlafunwa kalula futhi ihlukaniswe ibe izingxenye ingxenye endleleni fana njengoba phi nye-non-GMO.

Okunye GMO-horror

Enye ibhayisikili, abekho ngaphansi amakhaza, ngoba iqiniso lokuthi ufuzo kubantu kukhona transgenes ehlangene, okuholela yemiphumela enjalo edabukisayo njengoba ukungazali kanye nomdlavuza. Ngokokuqala ngqá ngo-2012, amaFulentshi ngalokho ezikubhalile umdlavuza in amagundane ukuthi wathola okusanhlamvu izakhi. Eqinisweni, Gilles-Eric Seralini, inhloko sokuhlola, isampuli sathathwa, ehlanganisa 200 Sprague-Dawley amagundane. Kulezi, eyodwa kokuthathu okusanhlamvu ezikhuluphalisiweyo GMO corn, enye ingxenye yesithathu - corn izakhi iphathwa ne ukhula, kanti owokugcina uyoba ngo - ubhontshisi evamile. Ngenxa yalokho, amagundane zesifazane esadla eziphilayo izakhi (GMO) wanikeza esiyiminyaka emibili, ukukhula izimila e-80%. Abesilisa efanelwe kule kwezinso Ukudla nezifo hepatic. Akumangalisi ukuthi kwezinye izinkampani kwi izilwane evamile ekudleni nazo wabulala ngu izimila ezehlukene. Lo mugqa amagundane nhlobo othambekele ukuvela ngasikhathi sinye izimila, akuhlobene ubunjalo amandla. Ngakho-ke, ubumsulwa ukuhlola angabhekwa ongabazisayo nokuba kwathiwa ezikweletini kanye nesayensi.

survey efanayo eyenziwa ngaphambili, ngo-2005, ezweni lethu. GMO eRussia ukufunda biology Ermakova. Eyisa engqungqutheleni eJalimane ubike ukushona kwabantwana okusezingeni eliphezulu eyamukelayo-GMO kabhontshisi amagundane. Kuqinisekisiwe e lwesayensi, isicelo ke yaqala ukusakaza emhlabeni wonke, ngokuletha omama abasebasha akahlanye. Ngemva kwakho konke, babenelungelo ukondla izingane zabo ifomula ezikhuluphalisiweyo. Futhi esetshenziswa soy GMO. ochwepheshe Five Nature Biotechnology okwengeziwe uvumile ukuthi imiphumela ukuhlola Russian ixubene, nobuqiniso bayo ayibonwa.

Ngithanda ukwengeza ukuthi ngisho noma ucezu DNA angaphandle kuzoba ukuzungeza womuntu, lokhu ukwaziswa kwezakhi zofuzo ungaphakathi afakwa umzimba kungekho ndlela futhi aliholeli lutho. Yiqiniso, ngokwemvelo kukhona izimo linamathele izingcezwana nomzimba angaphandle zofuzo. Ikakhulukazi, ngaleyo ndlela ezinye amagciwane konakalisa zofuzo izimpukane. Nokho, lezi zenzakalo ezingazange ezichazwe izilwane ephakeme. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwaziswa kwezakhi zofuzo kanye nemikhiqizo galore ngaphandle GMO. Futhi uma kungukuthi ezakhelwe izinhlayiya eziyisisekelo zofuzo kwabantu namanje, singaqhubeka ukudla ngokuphepha konke amuncwa wumzimba, kuhlanganise nalezo equkethe GMO.

Sizo ona?

"Monsanto", inkampani US, emuva lé ngawo-1982 emakethe alethwe nokudla okushintshwe izakhi: soy nokotini. Futhi umbhali ngokubulala zonke izimila, ngaphandle izakhi, ukhula "Roundup".

Ngo-1996, lapho imikhiqizo inkampani "Monsanto" ziye ephonswa ezimakethe, izinkampani ukuthi ancintisane naye ukuze kusindiswe izimali kuqalile umkhankaso ezinkulu, ekuhloswe ngalo kukhawulwe inzuzo imikhiqizo equkethe GMO. Noshushiso lokuqala kwaphawula Aripadi Pusztay, usosayensi waseBrithani. Wondla GMO amazambane amagundane. Nokho, kamuva izazi zonke izibalo usosayensi naphula smithereens.

umonakalo Potentsalny ukuze abaseRussia GMO imikhiqizo

Akekho efihla ukuthi GMO itshalwe okusanhlamvu emazweni ungalokothi sikhule lutho kodwa ngokwabo. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi izinhlobonhlobo ukotini noma kabhontshisi ezimelana nemithi yokubulala ukhula, hhayi moryatsya kubo. Ngakho, angase olufuthwe, ekufezeni ukushabalala lonke uhlaza.

Glyphosate - iyona ukhula ezivamile. Yena wafutha eqinisweni ngisho phambi izitshalo abavuthiwe ngokushesha futhi kungenziwa landiswa, azigcinwa inhlabathi. Nokho, izitshalo GMO ukumelana ukuvumela ukuyisebenzisa in inqwaba, okwandisa ingozi ekuqongeleleni glyphosate e-GM-izitshalo. It is eyaziwa ukuthi ukhula kubangela overgrowth ithambo izicubu kanye nokukhuluphala ngokweqile. Futhi e-Latin America nase-United States ukuthi kancane kakhulu abantu abakhuluphele ngokweqile.

eyodwa kwezitshalo kuphela yakhelwe eziningi imbewu GMO. Okungukuthi, inzalo ngeke akuvumele ukuthi kuyanda eyodwa. Ezimweni eziningi, lokhu kuyinto icebo kwezohwebo, ngoba ngale ndlela ukuthengisa imbewu GMO luyanda. izitshalo Kushintshwe, anikeza isizukulwane esilandelayo, kukhona okukhulu.

Kusukela yokufakelwa zofuzo (isib, soy noma amazambane) kungase kwandise izakhiwo allergenic komkhiqizo, ngokuvamile kuthiwa i-ukuthi GMO kukhona nomzimba ezinamandla. Kodwa elingenalo namaprotheni evamile, abanye izinhlobonhlobo lamantongomane yokungezwani komzimba-free ngisho labo abanesifo ke ngaphambi kokuba lo mkhiqizo.

Ngenxa ubunjalo impova GMO izitshalo ungakwazi inciphise nezinye izinhlobo kwezinhlobo. Uma amasayithi ezimbili eduze ukutshala ukolo ezivamile nokolweni-GMO, kunobungozi ukuthi evamile esikhundleni inikezwe amandla shintsha, impova ke. Nokho, neze ubani ngabe ukunike kubo kukhule ndawonye.

Njengoba beshiya imbewu yabo Isikhwama futhi kusetshenziswa imbewu GMO kuphela, ikakhulu alahlwayo, isimo ekugcineni izoba ukudla, kuye ngokuthi izinkampani, okuyinto ubambe imbewu.

Lenkomfa iqhaza Rospotrebnadzor

Phela abezindaba ziye ziphindaphindwe izikhathi eziningi futhi izindaba horror mayelana nemikhiqizo GMO, Rospotrebnadzor uye wahlanganyela izingqungquthela eziningi ezikhuluma ngale ndaba. Engqungqutheleni e-Italy ngo-March 2014, ithimba lakhe lase iqhaza ezingxoxweni lwezobuchwepheshe okuqukethwe imali ongaphakeme eRussia of eziphilayo izakhi. Namuhla, ngakho-ke, abakhetha inkambo kwaba kugwenywe pheze ephelele ukudla emakethe yezwe kwemikhiqizo enjalo. Futhi liye isicelo kwezolimo ka GMO izitshalo imisiwe, nakuba ukusetshenziswa imbewu GMO namanje owawuhlelelwe ukuqala ngo-2013 (Uhulumeni ka-September 23, 2013).

ikhodi bar

Kwahamba ngisho Ministry okwengeziwe wezeMfundo Science. Kuphakanyiswa ukusebenzisa uphawu esikhundleni ikhodi ibha "Iqukethe GMO" eRussia. Kufanele imumathe zonke ulwazi mayelana nomkhiqizo eziqukethwe izakhi, noma ukungezwakali kwawo. A ekuqaleni ezinhle, kodwa cabanga lekhodi ibha ngeke kwenzeke ngaphandle amadivaysi ezikhethekile.

nokudla okushintshwe izakhi futhi umthetho

GMO kulawulwa umthetho kwezinye izifundazwe. EYurophu lehla ngokushesha inani, isibonelo, okuqukethwe engaphezu kuka-0.9% ayivunyelwe emikhiqizweni Japan - 9% e-US - 10%. Ezweni lethu, imikhiqizo lapho okuqukethwe GMO idlula 0.9%, angaphansi kophawu saziso. Ukuze kuphula imithetho amabhizinisi ukusongela unswinyo, kuhlanganise ukuqedwa imisebenzi.

isiphetho

Isiphetho kuzo zonke lokhu kungenziwa ngendlela elandelayo: inkinga of GMO (inzuzo noma umonakalo kusuka ukusetshenziswa imikhiqizo equkethe nabo) namuhla ngokucacile nehaba. Engazi nemiphumela yangempela ukusetshenziswa isikhathi eside imikhiqizo enjalo. Kuze kube manje, onegunya ucwaningo lwesayensi ngalolu daba akulona olwenziwa.