"Ubugebengu Ziyisijeziso": umlando ukudalwa noveli

"Ubugebengu Ziyisijeziso", indaba ukudalwa olwadonsa cishe 7 iminyaka, ingenye edume kakhulu Romanov Fedora Dostoevsky eRussia nakwamanye amazwe. Lokhu kudalwa izincwadi zakudala Russian wake ithalente lakhe sokusebenza kwengqondo nochwepheshe nemiphefumulo yabantu. Yini eyenza Dostoevsky umqondo ubhala umsebenzi mayelana umbulali kanye nomunyu kanembeza, ngoba lesi sihloko akuyona ejwayelekile yezincwadi sikhathi?

Fyodor Dostoyevsky - master kule noveli ngokwengqondo

Umlobi wazalwa ngo-November 11, 1821 eMoscow. Uyise - Mikhail - kwaba yesikhulu, umeluleki enkantolo, nonina - Maria Feodorovna - wayevela emkhayeni yomthengisi.

Emphilweni Fedora Mihaylovicha Dostoevskogo kwadingeka konke: udumo olukhulu nobumpofu, nezinsuku ezinzima kule uPetru noPawulu Fortress kanye kweminyaka eminingi enzima, umlutha ukugembula, futhi isikhalazo ukuze ukholo lobuKristu. Ngisho ngesikhathi ukuphila komlobi emsebenzini wakhe wasebenzisa epithets ezifana "brilliant."

Dostoevsky ushone eneminyaka engu-59 yase-emphysema. Washiya ifa elikhulu - amanoveli, izinkondlo, Diaries, izincwadi, njll Ezincwadini Russian Fyodor ababelwe kuzo njengoba isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo abakhulu isazi nemiphefumulo yabantu. Abanye abahlaziyi bemibhalo (ezifana Maxim Gorky), ikakhulukazi nenkathi yamaSoviet, Dostoevsky ngokuthi "ngqondongqondo okubi", ngoba babekholelwa ukuthi umbhali emibhalweni yakhe yalwela "okungalungile" ukubukwa zezombusazwe - ngoludala futhi ezinye sikhathi sokuphila ngisho monarchist. Nokho, lokhu kuyinto debatable: amanoveli ka Dostoevsky - hhayi ezombusazwe, kodwa ngaso sonke isikhathi ngokwengqondo ngokujulile injongo yayo - ukukhombisa ukuthi umphefumulo womuntu nokuphila njengoba kunjalo. Futhi umkhiqizo "Ubugebengu Ziyisijeziso" - ubufakazi lokhu.

Umlando kule noveli "Ubugebengu Ziyisijeziso"

Fyodor Dostoevsky ngawo-1850, wathunyelwa ejele Omsk. "Ubugebengu Ziyisijeziso", umlando ukudalwa olwaqala ncamashi lapho, yanyatheliswa okokuqala ngo-1866, kanti ngaphambi kwalokho umbhali okwadingeka abhekane nakho yini engcono izinsuku empilweni yami.

Ngo-1854, umlobi kwakungomunye khulula. Dostoevsky ngo-1859 encwadini kumfowabo wabhala ukuthi umqondo ezithile kule noveli-Ukuvuma izono ngokukhululeka nangokusuka beza kuye lapho wayesesokhalweni-50 elele embhedeni okungcolile lakuthola zikhathi ezinzima kunazo zonke ekuphileni kwakhe. Kodwa ukuqala lo msebenzi, wayengumuntu ekujaheni, ngoba kungaqali ngisho siqiniseke ukuthi uyodlula ngempumelelo kukho.

Kanjalo-ke, ngo-1865 Dostoevskiy Fedor Mihaylovich, baludinga kakhulu imali, usayine inkontileka ne ummemezeli, lapho uthembisa ukunikeza by Novemba 1866 inoveli entsha. Ngemva kokuthola imali, umbhali ukuthuthukisa izimo zabo, kodwa ukuba umlutha roulette kudlalwa iqhinga kuye: walahlekelwa yonke imali esele yaseWiesbaden, abanikazi ehhotela hhayi ukuba axoshe kuye, kodwa wayeka ukusuthisa ngisho kuvaliwe ukukhanya egumbini. Kuyinto ezimweni ezinjalo Dostoevsky waqala "Ubugebengu Ziyisijeziso."

Umlando kule noveli ukuthi iphela: isikhathi siyaphela - umbhali wasebenza ehhotela, on esikebheni, lapho sebephindela ekhaya ukuze Petersburg. He cishe ngiwuqedile inoveli, bese ... wahamba ashisiwe kulowo mbhalo wesandla.

Dostoevsky yaqala ukusebenza futhi, kuyilapho izingxenye ezimbili zokuqala umsebenzi yashicilelwa ukuphrinta Zadla zonke Petersburg, yena asheshisa ijubane yokudala ezinye ezintathu, kuhlanganise isiphetho sendaba.

Uhlu Lokuphakathi I - II kule noveli

"Ubugebengu Ziyisijeziso" - isihloko inoveli kuyabonakala kakade ngemisebenzi umdwebi.

I protagonist - Rodion Raskolnikov - wenza isinqumo khona lapho, elokubulala nelokuphanga ubudala wesifazane usurer. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, le nsizwa yenza ufaneleke umzamo isinyathelo sakhe ukuze yena nomkhaya wakhe beswele. Rodion azizwa obhekene isiphetho abathandekayo, kodwa ukusiza okungenani into nodadewabo nonina, kudingeka imali eningi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, nekubulala isenzo oziphethe kabi futhi sinesono.

Rodion wakhulelwa ngempumelelo wenza icala. Kodwa ingxenye noveli yesibili, ubhekene nenkinga sokukhaphela sasisibi ngaphezu ubumpofu - kuthathela ukuhlupha unembeza. Ubulwelwe sezinzwa, kubonakala sengathi yonke into uyazi yezenzo zakhe. Ngenxa yalokho, Rodion iqala ukulimaza kanzima. Ngemva yokutakula, abantu le nsizwa ukuba icabangisise mayelana nendlela sisukele iziphathimandla. Kodwa ujwayele Sonia Marmeladov kanye sokufika edolobheni kukamama nodadewabo ngesikhathi kwamphoqa ukuba ayiyeke le umqondo.

Okuqukethwe III - IV kule noveli

Amaqhawe "Ubugebengu Ziyisijeziso" inoveli 3 futhi wesi-4 bephikelela aphishekele imigomo yabo.

Ngezinye isandla zikadadewabo Rodion - Dunja - isimangalo ngqo nomkhwenyana 3: Inkantolo Umeluleki uPyotr Luzhin, Svidrigailov ndawo, umngane Rodion - Razumikhin. Rodion Razumihin futhi uphatha ukubhuntshisa lomshado kuhlelwe Dunya futhi Luzhin, kodwa lona okugcinwe eshiya uthukuthele futhi ecabanga ukuthi okuziphindiselela.

Rodion Raskolnikov uya kuboshelwe Sonia Marmeladov - indodakazi umngane wakhe ongasekho. Ingani ziyakhuluma intombazane ngokuphila, bachithe isikhathi ndawonye.

Kodwa phezu Rodion kuthé ifu elimnyama - kwakunofakazi owafakaza esiteshini samaphoyisa ukuthi usanda kufika Raskolnikov usurer ngokuvamile babulawa. Insizwa okwamanje esiteshini samaphoyisa, kodwa uhlala umsolwa eyinhloko.

V sokuqukethwe kule noveli. isiphetho sendaba

Izenzakalo ezibaluleke kakhulu kule noveli "Ubugebengu Ziyisijeziso" amakhanda siwela phezu kwanoma iyiphi ingxenye 5 umkhiqizo kanye isiphetho sendaba.

Luzhin Wacasuka uzama ukubiyela Sonya Marmeladov, ngokushiya kwakhe ngoba eyisela futhi ngaleyo ndlela ewa Raskolnikov. Nokho, icebo lakhe alizange liphumelele, kodwa akusho asukume Rodion neyaziwayo Sonia ukubulala.

Icala lokuthi icala Raskolnikov kuthatha ongaphandle, kodwa lo mseshi liqinisekile ukuthi Rodion ubugebengu, ngakho ngokuvakashela insizwa uzama futhi ngenjongo yokumbonisa sokunikela.

Ngalesi sikhathi Svidrigailov uzama woo Dunya amandla, esaba intombazane Kuphendula naye isibhamu. Lapho isibhamu misfires, futhi Dunya ukukholisa umninindlu ukuthi akawuthandi kuye, Svidrigailov kudedela intombazane. Ukupha 15,000 Sonia Marmeladov futhi Raskolnikov 3000 umkhaya, umninindlu ezibulala.

Rodion ngasivuma lokubulala kanye usurer uthola zabasebenzi iminyaka 8 'kanzima eSiberia. Sonia wathumela kuye ekudingisweni. Impilo endala ukuze owayengumfundi sesidlulile, kodwa sibonga uthando intombazane, kunjani esigabeni esisha siqala ekuphileni kwakhe.

Ukubona Rodion Raskolnikov

Esikhathini inoveli "Ubugebengu Ziyisijeziso" Rodion Raskolnikov kwebalingisi nokuhlaziya izenzo zakhe kunikezwa ngumlobi kuyadida.

Le nsizwa ebukekayo, smart ngokwanele, singasho nabafuna izikhundla. Kodwa isimo ekuphileni lapho wazithola, noma kunalokho isimo kwezenhlalo ayikuvumeli kuye okungaka ukuqaphela ngamakhono abo, kodwa ngisho uqede izifundo zami zaseyunivesithi, nokuba ngithole umsebenzi omuhle. Udadewabo imayelana "ukuthengisa" umuntu engathandwa (ukushada Luzhin sesimo sakhe). umama Raskolnikov uhlala usizi, mina nentombi yami ophoqelelwe badayise ngomzimba. Futhi Rodion anibonanga indlela ukubasiza futhi ngokwakho, kodwa ukuze uthole isizumbulu semali. Kodwa ngaqaphela ukuthi umbono of kokucetshiswa osheshayo kungenzeka kuphela ngezindlela okuphanga (kuleli cala, kuwumthwalo ukubulawa).

Ngokwe-nokuziphatha, Raskolnikov yayingenalo ilungelo lokuthola ukuthatha ukuphila komunye umuntu, futhi-agumenti ukuthi isalukazi, njalo sibe nesikhathi esincane ukuze siphile, noma ukuthi alinalo ilungelo "zhidovat" entabeni abanye abantu - lokhu akulona izaba hhayi isizathu ukubulala. Kodwa Raskolnikov Nokho, futhi izwa ubuhlungu phezu isenzo sakhe, kuze kube muva nje acabange elingenacala Wachaza izenzo zakhe ngokuthi ayecabanga okwamanje kuphela mayelana nokuthi ungasiza kanjani umndeni.

Sonia Marmeladov

Esikhathini inoveli "Ubugebengu Ziyisijeziso" incazelo Sony isithombe eziphikisanayo njengoba Raskolnikov: umfundi ngokushesha aqaphele kuzo imimoya kwabomndeni.

Sonia - ezinhle futhi umuzwa lokuzinikezela, kungabonwa ekuziphatheni yayo maqondana nezinye abantu. Yena uyasho "ivangeli," kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo oyisifebe. isifebe abangcwele - ukuthi kungenzeka nakuba?

Nokho, kule ndawo yokudoba bekulokhu Sonia akuyona ngoba ukuqalekela Ukwanelisa inkanuko - is kuphela indlela abangafundile intombazane ekhangayo ukuze baziphilise, hhayi bona kuphela, kodwa futhi umndeni wakwabo: nosingamama wakhe Katerina Ivanovna futhi ezintathu nengxenye-abafowethu nodadewethu. Ngenxa yalokho, Sonia - kuphela abaya eSiberia ngemva Rodion ukumsekela kulo isikhashana nzima.

Le ndlela nakuba - ngesisekelo okwangempela Dostoevsky sika, ngoba emhlabeni wangempela, izinto kungase kungabi abantu emnyama noma emhlophe kuphela, kanye kuphela. Ngakho-ke, ukuhlanza umphefumulo intombazane ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile kungenzeka wahlanganyela ubuthishela ezingcolile enjalo yokuphila futhi umoya wekuvana le nsizwa - alinge ukubulala.

Arkady Svidrigailov

Arkady Svidrigailov - omunye umlingisi enovelini (Umninindawo oneminyaka engu-50 ubudala), okuyinto ngezindlela eziningi nje okuphindiwe of Raskolnikov. Kuyinto akukho ngozi, kodwa reception, ngubani wakhethwa ngumlobi. Kuyini essence yayo?

"Ubugebengu Ziyisijeziso" ugcwele izithombe ezimbili, kungenzeka ukukhombisa ukuthi abantu abaningi banalo i izici ngokulinganayo emihle nemibi, uyakwazi ukuhamba izindlela ezifanayo ekuphileni, kodwa umphumela ezimpilweni zabo ngaso sonke isikhathi ukhetha ngokwakho.

Arkady Svidrigailov - umfelwa. Ngisho ngesikhathi unkosikazi bukhoma yena yanukubezwa udadewabo Raskolnikov, owayesesimweni isevisi banayo. Lapho umkakhe - UMarta P. - eseshonile, umninindlu beza ukubuza isandla Avdotia Raskolnikov.

Svidrigailov has emahlombe abo izono eziningi: yena esolwa ngamacala okubulala, ukudlwengula kanye ekuzitikeni ngokweqile. Kodwa lokhu akubavimbeli ukuba umuntu abe kuphela umuntu wanakekela umkhaya ngasekupheleni Marmeladov ngokwezimali nje kuphela, kodwa ngisho ungeze ingane ekhaya lezintandane ngemva kokufa kukanina. Svidrigailov indlela ngesihluku ngokuzama ukunqoba Dunya, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo kubuhlungu ungathandi ngokujulile le ntombazane futhi uyazibulala, kusale udade Raskolnikov lemali umxhwele ifa. Izikhulu nesihluku yale ndoda ehlangana amaphethini abo eyinkimbinkimbi, njengasezulwini Raskolnikov.

PP Luzhin enovelini uhlelo isithombe

Petr Petrovich Luzhin ( "Ubugebengu Ziyisijeziso") - omunye "kabili" Raskolnikov. Raskolnikov ukwenza ubugebengu uzifanisa uNapoleon, nokunye Luzhin - a Napoleon yesikhathi sakhe ifomu okumsulwa: abonakele, benakekelana ngokwabo kuphela, sifuna ukwenza imali eshisiwe kumnyama kubomvu. Mhlawumbe yingakho Raskolnikov uyamzonda lucky nabo: emva Rodion futhi wayecabanga ukuthi ngenxa lalichumile siqu, uyena onelungelo lokusho ukubulala indoda, ogama isiphetho okwabonakala kuye ezingabalulekile kangako.

Luzhin ( "Ubugebengu Ziyisijeziso") - kuqondile kakhulu, njengoba uhlamvu, nemakharikhetja Emakhomiki wancishwa ukuphikisana esivela namaqhawe Dostoevsky sika. Kunengqondo ukuphetha ngokuthi umbhali uPetru wakwenza ngendlela ngamabomu, ngakho waba samuntu okucacile ukuyekelela wobunxiwankulu, okuyinto odlale ihlaya ononya naye Raskolnikov.

Ukushicilela noveli phesheya

"Ubugebengu Ziyisijeziso", indaba ukudalwa okwakuthatha iminyaka engaphezu kweyisithupha, iye kakhulu adunyiswe nezincwadi angaphandle. Ngo-1866, ezahlukweni eziningana kule noveli liye lahunyushelwa French bese ushicilelwa «Courrier russe».

EJalimane, i-msebenzi wakhe wanyatheliswa ngaphansi kwesihloko esithi «Raskolnikov» futhi 1895 eshicilelwe kwegazi lakhe kwaba izikhathi ezingu-2 ngaphezu kwanoma yimuphi omunye imisebenzi Dostoevsky.

Ekuqaleni kwekhulu XX. inoveli "Ubugebengu Ziyisijeziso" liye lahunyushelwa isiPolish, isiCzech, isiNtaliyane, isi-Serbian, Catalan, izilimi Lithuanian, njll

lithathelwe noveli

Amaqhawe noveli "Ubugebengu Ziyisijeziso" esinombala ogqamile ngakho futhi ezithakazelisayo ukuthi inguqulo isihenqo noveli ngaphezu kwesikhathi esisodwa athathwa kokubili eRussia nakwamanye amazwe. Le filimu lokuqala - "Ubugebengu Ziyisijeziso" - uvele Russia ngo-1909 (kuqondiswe yi Vasily Goncharov.). Lokhu kwalandelwa lithathelwe ifilimu ngo-1911, 1913, 1915

Ngo-1917 izwe wabona isithombe umqondisi American Lawrence waseMcGill, ngo-1923, ifilimu "Raskolnikov" eyakhishwa umqondisi-German Robert Wiene.

Ngemva kwalokho yathathwa cishe 14 ezincwadini emazweni ahlukahlukene. Works of Russian baba yakamuva ye-serial ifilimu "Ubugebengu Ziyisijeziso" ngo-2007 (dir. Dmitry Svetozarov).

Romance e ezisuke zithandwa ngaleso

Esikhathini amabhayisikobho, inoveli Dostoevsky ngokuvamile glimpsed ezandleni heroes ukukhonza isiphetho sabo: ku m / f "The Incredible Adventures Wallace Gromit: Haircut" ngo-zero "," t / c "Wolf," "Omama bamakhaya Eziphuthumayo", njll

Esikhathini computer game «Sherlock Holmes: Crime & Izijeziso» kwelinye iziqephu yencwadi negama inoveli Dostoevsky sika iyabonakala ngokucacile kusukela Sherlock Holmes ezandleni zakhe, kodwa GTA IV «Ubugebengu Ziyisijeziso" umdlalo - yigama omunye ohambweni.

Raskolnikov House Petersburg

Kukhona kokuqagela ukuthi Dostoevskiy Fedor Mihaylovich isifake iqhawe lakhe indlu ukuthi ukhona ngempela Petersburg. Abacwaningi wenza lokhu okutholakele, njengoba inoveli Dostoevsky likhuluma: indlu Raskolnikov sika "S." Lane, eduze "ngu th 'ibhuloho. Ngezinye Umbazi Lane-5 indlu ukuthi kwakuyoba lula ukukhonza khona kanye prototype ngoba inoveli ngempela. Kuze kube manje, lesi sakhiwo ingenye avakashelwa izivakashi izindawo Petersburg.