Usosayensi Kondratyuk Yuriy vasilevich: Biography

Umsunguli we Astronautics theory Kondratyuk Yuriy vasilevich owenziwa kule isayensi umnikelo elilingana okomnikelo Tsiolkovsky, Kibalchicha Zander. Nokho, ukuqashelwa beza kuye kuphela ngemva kokufa, lapho kuvulwa ukhohlwe usosayensi bebuyele emsebenzini, "balithola" isizukulwane esilandelayo abacwaningi. Umsebenzi usosayensi ayikaziwa okwamanje ngoba umsebenzi wakhe Ayindida.

ebuntwaneni

Usosayensi Ikusasa Kondratyuk Yuriy vasilevich wazalwa ngo-June 21 1897 e Poltava. Igama ngu kwalokho wehla emlandweni, empeleni okungelona elakho, noma kunalokho, igama umuntu ehluke ngokuphelele, ne kabani amadokhumenti ukuze umcwaningi isikhathi eside waphila. Wazalwa njengoba Alexander Ivanovich Shargey. Umfana yintandane ekuseni futhi ngawakhulisa umkhulu wakhe. Lapho ngineminyaka engu-13 waya lokuyofunda Poltava yokuzivocavoca, lapho lwabafundi abakhaliphile banake uthisha. Mfundisi wathumela Alexander isithakazelo endleleni efanele - physics, mathematics kanye ne-chemistry.

Kakade ekuqaleni kuka ebuntwaneni, umfundi uvele unxanela ezintsha. Wachitha isikhathi esiningi izimoto, iziphethu, izinjini ezisebenza ngamanzi, amanzi, eziyobonisa kanye nezinye curiosities okwakufika esandleni. Akumangalisi ukuthi ngemva Kondratyuk Yuriy vasilevich kwaba nombhali amazing kanye bangaleso sikhathi-mbono zesayensi.

ensimbi alenga imfundo

Nanti elinye icebiso ethathela ukwazi Aleksandra Shargeya, yiphupho izindiza interplanetary. Ngo-1930, encwadini yakhe eya Tsiolkovsky, waveza ukuthi kule minyaka engu-16 ukucacisa kahle ukuthi ngokomthetho kungenzeka ukuhamba kusukela surface eMhlabeni emkhathini. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi Shargeya kwadingeka sakhe umqondo Yokulungisa. Ngobusuku obandulela ekupheleni Poltava sokuzivocavoca nsizwa waphothula wesandla sakhe ezinkulu kuqala - "Labo kuzofunda ukwakha." Ngo okusalungiswa yencwadi Kondratyuk Yuriy vasilevich esizayo washayelwa (siqala ezingacacile) iphrojekthi esizayo travel interplanetary. Kamuva lezi imibono yakhe nakwezinye imisebenzi yakhe.

Khona-ke Shargey wangena Petrograd Polytechnic Institute. Nokho, ngenxa yesifundo sakhe somuntu akuzange kuhlale isikhathi eside. Ngokushesha u-Alexander ngabuthelwa ebuthweni, ngo-1917 elapha zaseCaucasia Uphambi kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala. Ensign waphindela ekhaya ngemva Okthoba Revolution kanye nezikhangiso amaBolshevik demobilization jikelele.

igama elisha

Maduze Poltava kwaba phakathi nempi yombango. Shargey owayeyisiphathimandla, futhi ngakho-ke libizwa ebuthweni Jikelele Denikin. Alexander iqhaza igazi engafuni futhi washiywa lapho nje kuvela ithuba. Emibili eyalandela le nsizwa wahlala esimweni lulwimi zomthetho, okuqukethwe imisebenzi uyinqaba. Wayengumuntu besongelwa ngokuthi inkolo yabo ukuboshwa. Ngo-1921, izihlobo bakwazi ukungitholela indlela yokuba ngaye iphasiphothi igama Yuriya Vasilevicha Kondratyuka - umfundi University of Kiev, ngubani ebulawa isifo sofuba umkhankaso.

Nokho, bona sihlale lwakubo Ukraine wayesekhona ezingaphephile. Red noma White kungase kwembule ongowokuzalwa Poltava. Khona-ke usosayensi Kondratyuk Yuriy vasilevich wabalekela Kuban wathatha ikheshi Krylovskiy. Caught in ukuphepha isihlobo, wagcina wasiphakamisa ayekucabanga indiza phakathi amaplanethi. Njenganoma yimuphi usosayensi self-wafundisa, ehlupheka ngenxa yokuntuleka kwemali. Kondratyuk wayehamba ukwakha rocket yakhe siqu, kodwa izindlela ukuze afeze amaphupho abo, ayengazange. Zonke okushiywe ukwenza okuyigugu kuyinto ukutjho yezakhi theory ephepheni.

Kondratyuk futhi Tsiolkovsky

Kondratyuk kanyekanye nge socwaningo olufanayo olwenziwa Konstantin Tsiolkovsky. Ngokokuqala ngqá usosayensi ethile yakhubeka phezu amanothi kwakhe ngo-1918 kumagazini i endala "Niva". Kusukela impahla, kwaba sobala ukuthi umbono ka-izindiza interplanetary is ngokweqile hhayi kuphela Kondratyuk Yuriy vasilevich.

Biography of lo muntu isibonelo samambala kwenkathi - ngoba inguquko futhi impi iphela, iminyaka eminingi ukukhohlwa ngokuphila evamile. Ngakho-ke, ukuze indaba ka Tsiolkovsky, wabuyela kuphela ngo-1925, lapho ngifunda "Bulletin yamabhanoyi."

"Ukunqoba isikhala interplanetary"

Kwenzeka isimanga, lesi abacwaningi ababili beza iziphetho ezifanayo, kanjalo sisebenzisa izindlela ezahlukene. Kulokhu, ngembili kancane uzakwabo Kondratyuk Yuriy vasilevich ke. Izimpumelelo physics ziye zahlobana umsebenzi wakhe oyinhloko - incwadi "ukunqoba isikhala interplanetary." Kuyinto umkhiqizo umbhali lathweswa iziqu ngo-1926, lapho wawuhlala edolobhaneni ka-October. Kulokhu, zavela project yakhe akukhona nje kuyinkolelo-mbono, futhi wamnikeza imininingwane eminingi kanye nezibalo.

Usosayensi wazama ukushicilela "ukunqoba isikhala interplanetary" eMoscow. Incwadi wathola ukubuyekeza omuhle uSolwazi uVladimir Vetchinkina. Uye wafunda Dynamics indiza rocket ngakhoke bawazisa umsebenzi Kondratyuk. Nokho, ukushicilela incwadi ihlulekile. Kuyo yonke le minyaka elandelayo Vetchinkin sisekelwa kuphela i self-wafundisa engaziwa.

eSiberia

Ngo-1927, Kondratyuk Yuriy vasilevich, ogama biography yisibonelo biography njalo ezulazulayo indoda, wathuthela Novosibirsk. Ngakolunye uhlangothi yezwe, waya ngokumenywa "amabhikawozi" zendawo. Leli hhovisi linomsebenzi isitoreji yokusanhlamvu insimu ka izifunda eziningana. Okuningi ku Kuban Kondratiuk yasungulwa ubuchwepheshe obusha eziningana for zommbila. Umsebenzi wakhe abanesifiso Novosibirsk. Ngakhoke lomuntu ngiphupha izinkanyezi, waba isisusa isitoreji okusanhlamvu.

Ngesikhathi usosayensi wendawo omusha ithole abangane abasha nabangane, kodwa akekho kubo baziswa intshiseko bobusha bakhe namanje indiza emkhathini. Futhi okwamanje Kondratiuk zikhunjulwe umsebenzi wakhe oyinhloko ebhaliwe. Kwaphela iminyaka eminingana wabasindisa imali yakhe, ukuphila ukuphila Spartan, futhi wagcina ethunyelwe wesandla wakhe wendawo ukuphrinta esitolo. Le ncwadi bekuhamba kancane kakhulu. Typesetters aliqondi eziyinkimbinkimbi zesayensi zezibalo, benza amaphutha futhi yenza konke futhi.

Ukushicilelwa yencwadi

Ngo-January 1929, i- "ukunqoba isikhala interplanetary" esanyatheliswa edition elincane 2000 amakhophi. Le ncwadi ihlanganisa Amakhasi angu-72 futhi amakhasi amaningana imidwebo imidwebo. UVladimir Vetchinkin ubhale esanduleleni lapho eyibiza Kondratyuka cwaningo kunazo olunzulu wonke ke ekhona, futhi ishicilelwe hhayi kuphela ngesiRashiya, kodwa futhi ngezinye izilimi.

Yini ngokuyinhloko elisha elilotshiwe Kondratyuk Yuriy vasilevich? Amaqiniso ethakazelisayo encwadini itholakala lokuthi ukuthi wavumela ezinye izingqinamba theory, ngaleyo ndlela evula kungenzeka theory undize uye amaplanethi angomakhelwane. Kondratyuk wathumela ikhophi eyodwa Tsiolkovsky futhi kamuva ngenyanga uthole impendulo lapho uzakwabo abaphezulu adunyiswe umsebenzi wakhe. Iningi nokusakazwa usosayensi othile wanikeza nozakwabo. Abanye bafunda incwadi ngenxa yenhlonipho, kodwa angeke kwenzeke ukuthi babe abantu ababeqonda lokubhala. Kwabanye umsunguli futhi uselokhu ngokungajwayelekile ome njengeqanda.

Yokubopha nokuvalelwa

Ngemva nje kunyatheliswa incwadi Kondratiuk kanye baboshwa nabangane ezinhlanu futhi wagwetshwa iminyaka emithathu ebhadla ejele phezu 58th esithi "zezombusazwe". It ubhale yokulahlwa omunye wozakwabo. Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, bese kuthi umusho wokuqala esikhundleni umsebenzi ngesikhathi Special Bureau №14 - «sharashka", lapho imisebenzi kwabanye ososayensi waboshwa futhi abacwaningi. Kube Kondratyuk wathola ukusetshenziswa entsha - kwaba ukuklama imishini esetshenziswa kukhiqizwe Kuzbass amalahle.

Nencwadi wadala YaseCrimea umoya ipulazi design, analogue zazo wayengakabi emhlabeni. Kuphrojekthi Kondratyuka bajoyine onjiniyela eziningana, kuhlanganise Nikolay Nikitin, bakamuva abakhela Ostankino ithelevishini umbhoshongo eMoscow.

Umhlangano no-Korolev

Ngo-1933, abantu Commissariat ka Heavy Imboni wanxusa ukuba GPU ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka ukukhulula usosayensi. Ngakho ngadedelwa Kondratyuk Yuriy vasilevich. Izithombe abacwaningi namuhla ezingavamile, ngenxa yokuthi ukuthi kwadingeka ukuba aphile esekudingisweni, kuqala, bese kokuboshwa. umoya power iphrojekthi sivunyiwe, futhi Kondratiuk baze baya eMoscow.

Enhloko-dolobha ye-isigaxa laseSiberia ngahlangana Sergei Korolev, ababezwile imibono yakhe emangalisayo theory. umklami Ikusasa isikhala namarokhethi ukunikela izivakashi ukusebenza ndawonye benesithunzi ithimba nozakwethu abanazo. Nokho Kondratiuk wenqaba. Izisusa zakhe kungukuthi ngokunembile eyaziwa, kodwa wokuphila bavumelane nombono wokuthi uma ufuna umsebenzi ezihlobene amaphrojekthi wezempi, usosayensi Queen kungenzeka futhi uhlole NKVD. Ukucwaningwa akazange athembisa lutho oluhle. Uma kwezitho zomzimba oyifundile mayelana ungubani ngempela Kondratyuka nokuxhumana kwalo elimhlophe ngesikhathi kulwiwa, ososayensi baye futhi ezisengozini emakamu noma badutshulwe.

Isiphetho umhlaziyi imibhalo yesandla

Ngo-1938 Zonke-Union Nobufakazi Commission yase-USSR Academy kwavela isicelo esisayinwe abantu ososayensi abambalwa besifazane. Acela theory isabelo zobudokotela kwezemibhalo ngaphandle sivikele mqondo, kuyoba ukuqashelwa kahle deserved zocwaningo impumelelo, okuyinto kwafinyelela usosayensi Kondratyuk Yuriy vasilevich. Photo waqaphela amaphrojekthi ubunjiniyela yakhe nezixhumanisi imisebenzi ebhaliwe babe isizathu esiyinhloko ukucabangela candidacy. Nokho, isicelo sachithwa.

Yiqiniso, ezisezikhundleni eziphakeme kunazo zonke kungukuthi ejwayele izibalo ezifana Kondratyuk Yuriy vasilevich. Umlando Omfushane usosayensi wenza okungaphezu iyiphi nohlaka evamile. Ngawo lowo nyaka, umcwaningi, ngenxa yokwesabela imisebenzi yakhe awashicilelwe, wanika ingobo yomlando zemibhalo yesandla Borisu Vorobevu kakade egcinwe Tsiolkovsky. Lokhu ukuqaphela kungenzeka ukulondoloza ukuze kuzuze izizukulwane ezaziyolandela imibhalo eyigugu. Ondlunkulu ngokoqobo ukulondolozwa ekuqothulweni kanye nokulahlekelwa imibhalo yesandla yokuqala, namanje obusha, usosayensi.

ukufa

Uma kwaqala iMpi Yezwe II, phakathi kwezinye izisebenzi zokuzithandela eziningi zeza ibhodi okusalungiswa futhi Kondratyuk Yuriy vasilevich. Zemvelo nowayenguSomhlahlandlela kwaba ngo 62nd Infantry Regiment. Njengoba onguchwepheshe, waba isisusa ukuqinisekisa ukuxhumana phakathi Battalion futhi endlunkulu. Kondratyuka mpi yokugcina senzeka ebusuku kusuka 25 kuya 26 February 1942 eMfuleni Oka ku Oryol esifundeni. Usosayensi wabulawa kokuhilizisana amaJalimane. Isidumbu sakhe sangcwatshwa eduze nedolobhana Krivtsovo.

Phakathi neminyaka eyalandela, kuqala laseSoviet laqala komphakathi weentjhabatjhaba kancane kancane ngaqaphela ukubaluleka kwemisebenzi Kondratyuk. Ngo-1957, emhlanganweni we-Academy of Sciences zase-USSR, anikezelwe engu-100 kwasungulwa Tsiolkovsky, uSergei Korolev ukufunda umbiko, okuyinto ahlolwa izinzuzo Yuri Vasilievich. Nje kwezinsuku ezimbalwa emva umcimbi uye emkhathini ngowokuqala yokufakelwa emhlabeni satellite.

Direct imibono Kondratyuka aqalwa lisisebenzisa Amerika uhlelo kwenyanga "Apollo" ku-yalolucwaningo 60. NASA wasebenzisa indlela iminyaka engamashumi amahlanu ngaphambi ososayensi ezihlongozwayo Russian. umphakathi Wide Soviet wafunda ngokusebenzelana Kondratyuk ngo-1969. Khona-ke, esigabeni se- "I-Komsomolskaya Pravda:" yashicilela isihloko ngokwengxenye, lapho ngokokuqala ngqa ezweni lonke, kwamenyezelwa ukuthi usosayensi idale ubuchwepheshe lapho amaMelika lawela phezu inyanga. Ngo-1970, umsebenzi okhethekile zokwahlulela Kondratyuka senalungisiswa icala lapho afike achitha khona iminyaka eminingana 'sharashka ".