Ukuhlela ukwakheka Santiago Calatrava namaphrojekthi zayo ezidumile

Ugqozi, isifundo landscape, izixazululo yezobuchwepheshe, insimbi nokhonkolo - yezingxenye esemqoka izakhiwo ezinkulu ezibabazekayo futhi functional, adalwe umakhi edume kabani izakhiwo ngeke kulibaleke lapho kubonakala. Lena Santiago Calatrava. Imisebenzi yakhe ezisetshenziswa eSpain, eSwitzerland, e-USA, Canada. Ukudalwa lo muntu ekhethekile, liyabonakala emhlabeni wonke futhi ihlazo. Calatrava siyavuka kunoma iyiphi indawo, okwenza kube sihle futhi zisebenza kahle. Uhlelo Lokufaka Lwe-Spanish atholwe atjheja isitayela Futuristic, emisha lobuchwepheshe kanye sobuhle bayo e izakhiwo eklanyelwe futhi ezisebenzayo.

Santiago Calatrava: Biography

Eduze Valencia Julayi 28, 1951 wazalwa umakhi ikusasa amabhuloho, iziteshi, amathiyetha nezinye izakhiwo ezithinta ukubukeka kwabo okungavamile. Santiago umsebenzi kayise, nakuba igxile umsebenzi commercial, kodwa wayemthanda art futhi wayefuna nigxilise umbono kwezobuciko futhi zokudala zomhlaba indodana yakhe. Ngakho, zisencane umfana waya Prado Museum futhi waqala ukuba nesithakazelo e umdwebo namatshe aqoshiwe. Eminyakeni eyisishiyagalombili, Santiago Calatrava nokuzwa kakade kuvezwa ephepheni Whatman at art esikoleni e Valencia.

iminyaka Zeziyaluyalu eSpain ziye zakhomba iqhubekisele phambili imfundo yayo ngaphandle kwe-isimo lwakubo. Eminyakeni 13, abazali babe uhambo indodana Paris uhlelo umfundi owayevela kwelinye izwe, lapho uHamani wagcwala ubuhle nesimo sesakhiwo esikhulu kuleli dolobha elihle. Isinyathelo esilandelayo kokuthola umsebenzi waqeqeshwa ngesikhathi Polytechnic University of Valencia, Santiago Calatrava okuyinto wathola iziqu ngo-1973. Eminyakeni emibili kamuva, le nsizwa waya eSwitzerland, lapho aqhubeka khona ukufunda into ozithandayo emkhakheni wokwakha, kodwa wobunjiniyela. Eminyakeni emine Santiago wafunda e-University of Technology of Zurich. Ngu-1981, wathola iziqu zobudokotela wesayensi lobuchwepheshe kanye umsunguli we studio izakhiwo kanye nokwakhiwa eSwitzerland.

Umsebenzi wokuqala nokubonwa

Omunye wemisebenzi yokuqala owanikhipha ukuqashelwa international iSantiago, kwaba esiteshini sesitimela (Stadelhofen) e Zurich. Nakuba amazwibela umcabango yezakhiwo uvele Santiago esafunda esikoleni samabanga iziqu. Nozakwabo yesayensi, lapho zaklama futhi zakha izindawo echibini. Kodwa kwakungeyona ngempela elula yezemidlalo luhlobo, ukugcwaliseka yayo kungenzeka ukuba bagcine abedlula ngendlela ngoba ababhukudi ngezansi.

Projects Santiago Calatrava ngo-1986 ungeze ukuqaliswa uhlelo olusha akhiwa kwagcizelela ukhonkolo ibhuloho imoto yendawo Valencia lwakubo. Ngemva konyaka onguchwepheshe abasha kulomsebenzi waklonyeliswa International Union of Architects.

Ngo-1989, Calatrava kanye nomsebenzi bakhe beza kokunqotshwa ukwakhiwa emakethe French. Ngesikhathi esifanayo livula studio yakhe eParis futhi yakhelwe esiteshini sesitimela e Lyon. Santiago Calatrava wavula ngo-1991 e Valencia ehhovisi izakhiwo kanye nokwakhiwa.

Olympics

Amazwe lapho isingatha imicimbi yezemidlalo ngamazwe, njengoba umthetho, njalo uzama ukuthola izivakashi kweqiniso, kusimangaze izivakashi izakhiwo yezakhiwo kanye inhlangano lomkhosi. Ngakho-ke, kuzo zonke iminyaka Ochwepheshe engcono Kwakuhileleke ukulungiswa iMidlalo Yama-Olympic. Ngo-1992, i-ezemidlalo ehlobo yayiqhutshelwa Barcelona, futhi lokuhumusha edingekayo ezokuxhumana umbhoshongo yabo. Yiqiniso, umakhi Santiago Calatrava likhethiwe Uhulumeni njengendlela lobuchwepheshe ukuze kwakhiwe isikhungo endaweni esiyingqopha-mlando zezwe.

Entabeni Montjuïc imitha-136 umbhoshongo lakhiwa iminyaka engamashumi amathathu. Calatrava umqondo kwaba ukwakha isakhiwo umsubathi ithoshi. Ngalesi strangeness ka akuphelelanga. I Spire uhlobo umcibisholo amahora, oluba isithunzi umbhoshongo isizinda, kanjalo ebonisa isikhathi.

Summer Olympics 1992 - umcimbi wezemidlalo hhayi kuphela, lapho ushiye isigxivizo yomsebenzi wakhe umdali Spanish. Ngo-2004, Santiago Calatrava, wamenywa kabusha Athens yezemidlalo.

Movement - ngesisekelo umsebenzi umakhi

Umklami okhishiwe kuyofikwa Luhambo yakhe ohlelweni ezokuthutha kanye ngcono ukuhamba kwabantu. Kodwa enye ephakathi kwemisebenzi master Kumele kuqashelwe skyscraper yokuhlala e Malmö. Klauzury Santiago Calatrava, elaba isisekelo ekwakhiweni kwendlu okungavamile babegqoka umbono ukunyakaza ngokukhululekile. Kwelinye izinkulumo ebibanjelwe eMoscow Institute, Santiago wathi: "Architecture khona abantu, futhi umzimba womuntu kuthinta izakhiwo ngokuya ngezabelo, isigqi nosayizi."

Lesi sakhiwo inemibuzo eyisishiyagalolunye izingxenye pentagons, ngalinye elikwazi isendaweni ezinhlanu emabhilidini. Isigaba ngasinye basonta maqondana zokwakheka odlule futhi ezingu-90 degrees isihlobo ngezokuqala. ' iminyaka emine ukwakha izakhiwo. Ngo-2005, umbhoshongo imitha-190 lavulwa ngokusemthethweni. Kuze kube namuhla ingenye ezikhangayo main eSweden, futhi isakhiwo sesibili esiphakeme kunazo zonke e-Europe.

I Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-21: ukufinyelela nezwekazi entsha

Ngo-2001, e-State of Wisconsin, eduze art Museum eziyinkimbinkimbi ezikhona, wavuka inkundla lwesithathu Kvadrachchi. Uphahla lwangaphakathi esiyingelezini sezulu, ezithathekayo ilanga visor-like shanela wamaphiko fomu bazana - umklamo eziyisisekelo isakhi isakhiwo, adalwe genius efana Santiago Calatrava. Photo design ashukumisayo Kugcizelela ne yobuhle bayo futhi ikhanga izixuku izivakashi Lake Michigan. Glass inkundla yokwamukela izivakashi has ukuma parabola. Zonke izakhiwo Museum Calatrava united ibe eziyinkimbinkimbi kunethiwekhi eyodwa eziyinkimbinkimbi kwamabhuloho abahamba ngezinyawo.

Enye ukuthatheka, kuphela kulesi sikhathi eNingizimu Melika, waqalwa ngo 2001 by umqondo umakhi Spanish sika. Yaba Puente de la Mujer. Engineering okusunguliwe enkabeni ibhuloho ukuhamba ngoba ukudlula imikhumbi emikhulu. Ngokwe-umdali, ke ayemphefumulele ukulakha ekwakheni umculo wasekhaya. Futhi wezakhiwo komculo isigqi wezwa ekwakheni ibhuloho eBuenos Aires.

"Umuzi Ubuciko kanye Sciences"

Engineer Santiago Calatrava okusungulile awuzibe izwe lokuzalwa kwakhe. Budebuduze Valencia, endaweni 350,000 m ^2, it is a eziyinkimbinkimbi esiyingqayizivele esizinikezele ekuthuthukiseni impucuko nesayensi. Izakhi lokuqala "muzi": a izinkanyezi, cinema kanye yaseshashalazini imikhiqizo laser. Ngo-2000 wavula Museum of Science, kanye epaki landscaped. Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, ngokusobala ukuvulwa kwaleyo oceanarium enkulu kunayo yonke eYurophu esime kweminduze. Umsebenzi kwakungekaNkulunkulu uFeliksi Candela, umakhi, kanye Calatrava iqhaza ekwakhiweni izindawo isithakazelo Valencia. Lesi sakhiwo lokugcina 'umuzi' baba-Opera House. Isakhiwo yezakhiwo yakhelwe yazi umuntu ngezici ezihlukahlukene ubuciko, ubunjalo, isayensi nobuchwepheshe.

Ebusuku, lapho ukukhanya kuvela ngaphakathi izakhiwo kanye azungeze ebumnyameni, zonke lezi okudaliwe zifane amathambo ezilwane.

ukugxekwa

Santiago amaphrojekthi hhayi kuphela neyaziwayo, kodwa futhi ezibizayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amanani yokugcina umsebenzi idlula izilinganiso kokuqala, futhi kukhona izingxabano ku imigomo nokusetshenziswa. Eminyakeni yamuva, izakhiwo Calatrava sika kukhona maphakathi ehlazweni.

"Umuzi Ubuciko kanye Sciences" uye wakwazi e eziyizigidi ezingu-900-euro, okuyinto kathathu ephakeme kunesabelomali kokuqala. Izindlu eziyinkimbinkimbi ngesikhathi nokuthuma yayo siswele kweminyango eziphuthumayo futhi umlilo, ngisho nangemva amaphutha sekususiwe Santiago, kodwa ngezithukuthuku kwezimali zomphakathi.

Engineer Santiago Calatrava, ukudala i ukuphela sezindiza e-Bilbao, acabangele anoma isakhiwo. Ngakho-ke, abagibeli asebephumelele ukulawula amasiko, kwadingeka ukuba niyithole umthwalo emgwaqeni. Ngo-2000, sezindiza ngaphansi nokuqedwa amaphutha.

Ibhuloho zubizuri kwavula nge slabs ngengilazi e nemvula wazibonakalisa indawo ebuhlungu kakhulu kimi. UMthethosisekelo Ibhuloho e-Venice futhi liye wagxeka. Izizathu akuzona isikhathi kuphela futhi kathathu izindleko iphrojekthi, kodwa futhi ukusebenza. Azikho ramps, kungcono emaweni kakhulu, okwenza kube nzima ukuhambisa abadala.

Isiteshi sesitimela e-New York City

Ukwakhiwa komhlaba esiteshini S-Bahn e-New York City esizeni kwemibhoshongo twin nayo eyenziwa amaphrojekthi Calatrava. Design izakhiwo ngenhla eliphansi libukeka inyoni ebugqilini ezandleni ingane. Ngaphakathi kukhona ngezitimela ezigcwele, zamabhasi, iziteshi, ogama izindonga zenziwa ngemabula. Ukugcwaliswa imisebenzi ehleliwe 2016 nge izindleko 4 billion, nakuba ekuqaleni yakhelwe nokwakha $ 1.9 billion.

Omunye ukushicilelwa ogunyaziwe ukuba zinyatheliswe umangalele ukuthi izindleko ukwakhiwa esiteshini overstated ngamabomu. Ukuqinisekiswa inkampani ehlola amabhuku, okuyinto wathuma iphrojekthi umakhi Spanish.

isiphetho

Ukuphendula ukugxekwa kungashiwo evikela umakhi ukuthi amakhasimende akhe wamanje - kukhona abathengi uphinda. "Umgomo izakhiwo yami - ukwenza lo muzi eliyingqayizivele futhi enothisa ezenzeka kubantu," - wathi Santiago Calatrava. Okubonwayo - lena ukubizwa kwakhe. Kunengqondo ukuphetha ngokuthi yini engase ikushiye ubambe ongezansi ekuthuthukisweni kanye nasekuqalisweni kokusebenza lezinto kubalulekile lathumela, ezifana amabhuloho, iziteshi? Imisebenzi umdali iSpanishi, izakhiwo, amatshe ezikhumbuzo, izakhiwo, azinake.

He is nombhali amahlanu izakhiwo yezakhiwo, kanye angaphezu kweshumi nambili usebenza namanje ngaphansi ukuthuthukiswa.