Ukukhishwa kwe-elekthronikhi nokuphoqelelwa ukuhlukanisa okuhlukile ku-UAZ

Isici esiyinhloko sokuhlukaniswa kwamahhala singabizwa ukuthi uma kwenzeka isondo sesondo kwenye, i-torque izodluliselwa, okwanele ukuhamba ngokugcwele. Ukuvala ukuhlukana kwi-UAZ kukuvumela ukuba ukwandise inani lokubamba nge-wheel on the wheel, futhi uhlinzeke ngokugcwele kakhulu.

Ungakwenza kanjani lokhu?

Ukuze uqinisekise ilokhi, kufanele wenze eyodwa yezenzo ezimbili ezingenzeka:

• Ukunciphisa amathuba okujikeleza kwama-satellite;
• Ukuhlanganisa enye yama-axle aphakathi nendawo yokuhlala.

Kuye ngezinga, ukukhiya ukuhlukanisa ku-UAZ nezinye izimoto kungabi ingxenye noma egcwele. Ukhetho lokugcina lunikeza uxhumano olunzima lwezingxenye, lapho i-torque ingadluliselwa ngokuphelele esitokisini, ihlinzeke ngokusebenza kahle.

Ukuhlukanisa okuyingxenye ehlukile ku-UAZ kuhlukile ngokuthi ukusetshenziswa kwayo kunomthelela olinganiselwe wamandla okudluliselwa phakathi kwezingxenye futhi, ngokufanele, ukwandisa i-torque ngesondo ngokubamba ngokuphumelelayo.

Coefficient

Izinga lokukhula kwe-torque kumavili angamahhala kunqunywa isilinganiso sokuvimbela. Ngamanye amazwi, isilinganiso sibonisa isilinganiso sesikhathi sesondo samahhala kuya kwenani elikhona esikhwameni. Kufanele kuqondwe kahle ukuthi ngokuhlukanisa okungalingani ngokuphelele kwe-symmetrical i-coefficient ngu-1, ngoba i-torque ihlale ifana namasondo, kepha ukukhiya okuhlukile ku-UAZ nezinye izimoto kuphakamisa inani layo ku-3-5. Ukwanda okwenziwe ku coefficient kuyinto engathandeki kakhulu, ngoba ngokuvamile kuvame ukungasebenzi kwemishini ehlukahlukene yokudlulisela.

Uphi lapho kusetshenziswa khona?

Ezikhathini zanamuhla, kokubili ukugijima kwe-wheel-wheel locking kanye nokukhiya izakhi zangaphakathi kusetshenziselwa izimoto zanamuhla. Kuzo zonke izimoto ezine-wheel drive, ngokuvamile akhiqizwa, njengoba lokhu kungaba nomthelela omubi ekuphatheni.

Ukuhlukanisa okungaxhunyiwe kuhlanganiswa ngokuzenzekelayo noma ngokucindezela. Ikhetho lokugcina lihlinzekela umyalo odingekayo kumshayeli, ngakho-ke futhi kuthiwa yi-manual. Ukukhiya ngokuzenzakalelayo nokwenziwe nge-electronic kwenziwa ngokusebenzisa amadivaysi akhethekile ezobuchwepheshe.

Kungani lokhu kuyadingeka?

Kuze kube manje, enye yezindlela eziphumelela kakhulu zokwandisa ubuciko ukuvalwa kokuhlukana ku-UAZ. I-DAK nezinye izinhlelo zifakiwe namuhla kunoma yiziphi izimoto zanamuhla ezazisungulwe ukusebenza okusebenzayo ezimweni ezingekho emgwaqeni.

Ukhiye wokuhlukanisa, njenganoma yisiphi esinye isisombululo sezobuchwepheshe, sinokuzikhethela kwawo, futhi ukuze uqonde uma kungcono ukusebenzisa ilokhi, okokuqala udinga ukuqonda izimiso eziyisisekelo zokuqaliswa kwayo, futhi ukucacisa ukuthi yiziphi izinguquko uma uvimbela le ndlela.

Kungcono nini ukuyisebenzisa?

Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-airlock ephumelela kunazo zonke ku-UAZ, njengamanye amasistimu afanayo, kuvela kulezo zimo uma kunomthelela omkhulu emandleni amabhande. Ngakho-ke, ukusebenza kahle okuvimbela ukusebenza kutholakala lapho isondo elilodwa livinjelwe ngokuphelele endaweni yokusekela, okuyinto ejwayelekile kakhulu lapho kuqhutshwa izithiyo ezihlukahlukene.

Okunye okumele kuqaphele ukuthi i-lock ye-hydraulic differential kwi-UAZ inikeza ukuphakama okungaphezulu kakhulu uma kukhona ukusabalalisa okungalingani kwesisindo phakathi kwamavili ebhuloho, ngokwesibonelo, lapho amasondo ohlangothini olulodwa elisezingeni elijulile lobumba, kanti elinye uhlangothi lusekhwele ngaphezulu Ebusweni obomile. Ngakho-ke, ukwehluka okuncane ekuhlanganiseni kwamavili ebhuloho, ukusebenza okuncane kuyoba ukusetshenziswa kokukhiya.

Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-axle kuvinjelwe kuphela uma kukhona umehluko ophawulekayo emandleni okulandelana phakathi kwama-axle angemuva nangaphambili. Isibonelo, ngenkathi inqubo yokuguqula imoto isondo elithile lisemgodini ngamanzi, kuyilapho bonke abanye beqhubeka behlala emhlabathini owomile. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile, kuvame ukuthi kwenzeka ukuthi lapho udubula isondo elilodwa, amandla okulandelela abanye bonke anciphisa kakhulu.

Yini engiyidingayo ukuze ngazi?

Abahambi abanolwazi abanomthetho olula kakhulu - ngaphambi kokuhamba emgwaqeni, kudingeka uhlanganise ukukhiya okungafani phakathi kwe-axle, kanti isici esingaphakathi kwesondo esivinjelwe sivinjiwe lapho sinqoba noma yiziphi izingxenye zomgwaqo onzima, kuyilapho ngaphambili kuvele kumacala ahlukile futhi kuphela lapho Ukunyakaza kwe-Rectilinear kuhloswe.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kubalulekile ukuqonda ngokucacile ukuthi ukuvala ukuhlukana kwe-SPRUT ku-UAZ, njengamanye amahlelo, akukwandisi ukuqhutshwa kwamavili emgwaqweni, kodwa unikeza kuphela isondo elithile ngokusebenzisa leli gunya ukudala umzamo wokubambisana okudingekayo.

Kuphoqelelwe

Lokhu kuvimbela kwenziwa ngokuyinhloko ngokusetshenziswa kwekhamera ekhethekile yekhamera, ehlinzeka ngokuxhumeka okunamandla komzimba walesi sici kwenye yezinkambo eziningana. I-cam clutch ivalwe nge-special hydraulic, mechanical, pneumatic noma kagesi drive.

I-drive mechanical iqinisekisa ukuhlanganiswa kwezintambo, izinsimbi noma uhlelo oluphelele, olufaka kokubili lezi zinto. Kulesi simo, ukuvalwa okuphoqelekile kokuhlukana kwe-UAZ kungenziwa ngumshayeli ngokuhambisa isisindo endaweni efanele ngesikhathi sokuhamba kwemoto.

Igalari ye-hydraulic ihlanganisa ukusebenza kwezingqimba. Njengengxenye yokuqhutshwa kwe-drive enjalo, i-cylinder ye-pneumatic ekhethekile isetshenziswa. Ukukhiya okwenziwe nge-elekthronikhi, okungukuthi, uhlobo oluphoqelelwe usebenzisa i-electric drive, kuhilela ukusebenzisa i-motor motor ukuvala ukuxhuma. Ukuvula ilokhi efanayo kwenziwa ngokucindezela inkinobho ehlukile edeshibhodi yemoto.

Ibhuloho eliqinile elinamandla elisetshenziselwa ukuqinisekisa ukuhamba okulula kwezindawo eziyinkimbinkimbi, bese kukhishwa kalula. Ngokujwayelekile, kuyisiko ukuyisebenzisa uma ukuhlukanisa okuzenzakalelayo ku-UAZ nakwezinye izimoto ezihamba ngemoto.

Ukuzikhiya

Ukuhlukana kokuzikhiya kungukuthi uhlobo lwegolide oluphakathi kokuhlukaniswa ngokuphelele okukhululekile futhi okuvinjiwe ngokuphelele, ngoba ngosizo lwawo amathuba okubili okungafani ayenziwa.

Kuphelele, kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zamadivaysi anjalo: zivinjelwe kusukela umahluko phakathi kwamavolumu angangena amasondo kanye nezibhamu. Lezi zinsuku zihlanganisa ukuhlukaniswa kwedisk, uhlelo olune-coupcous coupling kanye nokukhiya kwe-elekthronikhi. Ukukhiya kwenziwa ngokuya umahluko phakathi kwe-torque.

Ukufakwa kokukhiya ukuhlukanisa ku-UAZ kwenziwa ngokufaka isikrini esilula kakhulu sedis symmetrical nge-add one or two packs of discs. Ingxenye ethile yama diski enjalo inokuxhumana okuqinile nomzimba wedivayisi, kanti enye ixhunywe ne-semiaxis.

Isimiso sokusebenza, esisetshenziselwa ukuhlukanisa i- disk yokukhuphuka komkhuhlane, sisekelwe ngokugcwele emandleni aphethwe ngenxa yokwehluka kokuhamba kwe-axis ngayinye.

Ngesikhathi sokunyakaza okuphindaphindiwe , izindlu ze-axle nezokuhlukanisa zizojikeleza ngokufanayo ngesivinini esifanayo, futhi iphakheji lezingxabano liyojikeleza njengento eyodwa. Uma ukwandisa imvamisa yokujikeleza kwe-semiaxis ethize, leyo ngxenye yama-discs ehambelana nayo izophinde ijikeleze ngokushesha, futhi amandla okubhikisana azovela phakathi kwama diski, evimbela ukuthi kungenzeka ukwandisa isivinini sokujikeleza. I-torque esiteshini samahhala ikhula ngokuqhubekayo, okuqinisekisa ukukhiya okuyingxenye ehlukile ku-UAZ Patriot noma enye imoto.

I-degree of compression of friction discs ingaba eguquguqukayo noma ehleliwe, futhi idivayisi ngayinye idinga amadivayisi wayo. Ukusethwa kokuhlukanisa ukuhlukanisa u-UAZ ne- compression ratio isilinganiso kubonakala ngezizathu ezikhethekile zokuqina okuqhubekayo, kuyilapho izinga eliguquguqukayo linikezwa ukusetshenziswa kwe-drive hydraulic.

Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-disc kuyasetshenziswa njengendlela yokuhamba nge-wheel emotweni eminingi yezemidlalo, kanye nasezimotweni ezinekhono eliphakeme lokuhamba ezweni.

Ukuxhuma okungahambi kahle

Lesi sici yisethi yama-disks e-perforated eseduze komunye nomunye, ingxenye ethile enokuxhumana okuqinile nezindlu zokuhlukanisa, kanti ezinye zihlangene ne-shaft drive. Wonke ama-discs ahlala endaweni ehlanganisiwe egcwele i-viscous silicone fluid.

Ngesikhathi ukujikeleza kwezindlu zokuhlukanisa ne-shaft drive kuhamba ngesivinini esifanayo, iqoqo lama-disks afakiwe lizojikeleza njengeyunithi eyodwa, futhi uma ijubane le-shaft drive likhuphuka, lizophinde lijikeleze ngokushesha futhi lihlangane nengxenye yama-discs, ngesikhathi esifanayo lixuba i-silicone egcwele egcwele. I-liquid ngokwayo, ngaleyo ndlela, iyanzima kancane kancane, okuqinisekisa ukuvala ukuhlukana kwe-UAZ Patriot nezinye izimoto ezifanayo. Uma ukulingana kokuvinjelwa kubuyiselwa, i-liquid iphinda iphonswe impahla yayo futhi ukuxhuma kuvuliwe.

Ngokuphathelene neqiniso lokuthi into efana naleyo isayizi enkulu kakhulu, kuyisiko ukuyisebenzisa ngokuyinhloko ukuhlinzeka ukuvala ukuhlukanisa kwe-interaxle. Futhi, ukusetshenziselwa ukuxhuma kwe-viscous kuvame ukutholakala ngokwakho, uma kuxhunywe ohlelweni oluzenzakalelayo lwe-wheel drive.

Ngenxa yokwaziswa okwakhiwa kwalo, ukuhlanganiswa okubuhlungu kwe-viscous kubonakala nge-inertia, kanye nokuthambekela kokushisa ngokweqile, futhi uma kwenzeka ukuqhuma, kukhona ukungqubuzana nesistimu ye-braking yokukhiya. Yingakho, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukuhlukaniswa okuzenzakalelayo noma okuphoqelelwe kokuhlukana kwe-UAZ kufakiwe, ukusetshenziswa kwalolu khetho akukhuthazwa futhi akusetshenziswanga noma kuphi, ngaphandle kokungafani okungajwayelekile.

I-Electronic

Ukhiye we-elekthronikhi umsebenzi ohlukile we-anti-slip system ekhethekile. Ukuqaphela kwayo kwenziwa nge-braking othomathikhi yesondo elishiya, elihambisana nokukhula okusebenzayo kwamandla okuhlanganisa. Kule ndaba, esiteshini, esisebenza kahle, i-torque iqala ukwanda.

Worm

Ukuhlukana kokuzibophezela komlomo we-worm kuvumela ukuhlinzeka ngokuzenzekela ngokuzenzakalela, okusho ukuthi umehluko phakathi kwe-torque ku-semiaxis nomzimba. Uma kwenzeka ukuqhutshwa kwesondo, kuhambisane nokunciphisa i-torque, ukuhlukaniswa kwesibungu kuyavalwa futhi i-torque idluliselwe esiteshini samahhala ngemva kwalokho. Kulesi simo, kunikezwa ukukhiya okuyingxenye, isilinganiso esilandelayo ngokuqondile esilinganisweni sokuncipha kwe-torque.

Izinhlelo ezaziwayo zalolu hlobo zingabizwa ngokuthi yiQualife noTorsen. Ukwakhiwa kwezinto ezinjalo yi-gearbox egcwele iplanethi, equkethe izigubhu ze-worm, kuyilapho izikhombisi zingahle zitholwe ngephutha noma ezihambisana nezixhumi eziningana.

Isici esiyinhloko esihlukanisa izigubhu ezivela ezinjengama-analog ukuthi ingenza ezinye izingwegwe ziqhume, kodwa azikwazi ukujikeleza kusuka kwabanye. I-worm gear ihlanganisiwe, futhi le ndawo isetshenziselwa ukuhlinzeka ngokukhiya okuhlukile. Ungafaka uhlelo olunjalo ngaphandle kosizo. Ukuhlukanisa okuzenzakalelayo ku-UAZ nezinye izimoto usebenzisa ama-worm systems kungasetshenziswa kokubili ama-interaxle nama-interwheel.