Ubuthi yokukhosela. Ukuvikelwa ngamunye nanjengeqembu uma izingozi emisebeni

ukuqapha Kushisa bhé kule ndawo kwenziwe izitshalo zezimboni kanye izitshalo amandla enuzi musa ukuvala amathuba okuvela kuyo inhlekelele. Ngakho-ke, bonke abantu kufanele bazi ukuthi kufanele uzivikele kanjani izimpilo kanye nempilo yazo kulesi simo. Kulesi sihloko, thina baqoqa ulwazi oluyisisekelo mayelana nale ndaba.

Uyini ERP

fallout yokukhosela (esifushanisiwe - - MDP) Endabeni ka yokukhosela ekhethekile esetshenziswa inhlekelele ngemisebe. Bakhonza ukuvikela umphakathi ngokumelene emisebeni ionizing, okuyinto kuyagcinwa ngesikhathi isifo endaweni eyingozi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, asetshenziselwa Ukuvikelwa ionizing emisebeni (kuhlanganise i-neutron ecucuza), ekushayweni ukushaqeka wave (kancane) ukuthintana nge izingubo kanye isikhumba ubuthi womuntu, izinto radioactive ukukhanya, nezinto eziphilayo (webhaktheriya) ejenti ngokumelene.

Ngezikhathi hlola FRA inikeza MOE. Moscow, isibonelo, inezinkulungwane zokukhosela, ezinye zazo give up izinhlangano kwezohwebo. Ukuze ulawule ngesikhathi ibhizinisi ezingeni, izifunda kanye ezifundeni ukuthi zikuphi, ukwakha umsebenzi okhethekile. Bahlanganisa abameleli iziphathimandla ahlukahlukene ukuphoqelelwa, ICE futhi FEMA. Moscow - inhloko-dolobha yezwe lethu, ngakho isimo ERP ngokuvamile ayohlolwa. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi uphazamise ukuvuza kuzo.

Izinto kanye nokwenzela MDP

Ubuthi zokukhosela ngokuvamile ebanjwa ezindlini zezakhiwo ezehlukene. Ngezinye izikhathi kungase kwakhiwe bhila yokukhosela ezimele. Ngenxa yale njongo, ezimbonini zokwakha ezifana isitini, izakhi ukhonkolo prefabricated, kweqa, kanye impahla wendawo (amatshe, izingodo, njll). I ukujiya odongeni kuleli cala kumele kwanele ukuze sithole isivikelo. Babe they makhula, enokwethenjelwa ngaphezulu kuyoba isiphephelo. Ezindaweni treeless, uma azikho ezinye izinto zokwakha, kungenzeka ukwakha Pru ka fascines, okuyinto zakhiwe imihlanga, amahlumela, utshani, umhlanga, sunflower, ummbila ukhipha izingongolo.

Zonke endaweni lalihlehliswa efanelekayo ngenjongo yokuvikela, singafakwa ingashintshwa yokukhosela fallout. Lokhu zewayini, ezindlini, nasemihumeni, ngemisebenzi komhlaba, zemifino esitolo. izakhiwo Fit ebusweni, izindonga zazo ezenziwe ngezinto ukuthi babe izakhiwo zokuzivikela. Area kulesi simo zingase zihluke.

pressurization

Ukuthuthukisa izindawo ayisivikelo uphawu emafasiteleni, kanye lemigubazi ezengeziwe. On ukugqagqana wathela umhlabathi ungqimba. Uma kudingeka, kusukela ngaphandle aphumele ngaphezu kwamanzi izindonga ukwenza podsypku udoti.

Ukubekwa uphawu ibangelwa ukubekwa uphawu ngokucophelela izimbobo uqhekeke nemifantu esemadwaleni ehlala ophahleni futhi izindonga, lapho kuhlangana khona umnyango futhi emafasiteleni, amanzi input bese amapayipi kodwa angabangi umsindo. Futhi-ke ihlinzeka iminyango kufaneleka okumele upholster wazizwa, futhi egumeni bonyana batshidze umqulu wawungathi noma kwenye izicubu zomzimba ezithambile obukhulu.

ukupholisa

Uma endaweni encane egumbini, angabiki zokukhosela ezifana yakhelwe abantu akukho engaphezu kwengu-30 kwenzeka ngokwemvelo ngokusebenzisa qeda kanye supply air Amapayipi. Eyokuqala ukudala traction ukwenza mayelana 1.5-2 m ngaphezu kweyesibili. Ngaphezu kwalokho, visors ukwakha ku ukupholisa Amapayipi (esibulalayo zabo zangaphandle). Lapho bengena ukwenza damper Friend-kufaneleka ivaliwe lapho usongo ubuthi bemisebe.

kudivayisi yangaphakathi

Uma isikhala ukuthi avumelane nendawo yokuhlala is hhayi ifakwe amapayipi okuhambisa indle namanzi agobhozayo, wasibeka ethangini lamanzi. Kufanele kube mayelana 3-4 amalitha ngomuntu ngamunye ngosuku. nalolwakheke kahle zangasese zemigodi noma emaphaketheni zangaphandle. Lezi zikhungo wenza Racks, amabhentshi noma bele senzelwe ukudla. Ikamelo esikhanyayo nge ephathekayo izibani kagesi noma kusukela yangaphandle ugesi.

Ukuvikelwa isici

ezivikelekile antiradiation izakhiwo zihlukile. Ngokuba nokuhlola Usebenzisa inkomba ezifana isici ukuvikelwa. Ukhuluma kukangaki lokhu yokukhosela kunciphisa umthamo ngemisebe. Lokhu isici kuthonywa izici eziningi. Wall ukujiya, indaba zenziwa kuyiphi, sealability njll retrofitted ingaphakathi izakhiwo noma ezindlini kungaba amashumi amaningana noma ngisho namakhulu izikhathi ukwandisa izakhiwo zabo zokuzivikela. Ngokwesibonelo, ezindlini emakhaya ifakwe ezenziwe ngokjuni, Ukuvikelwa isici sifinyelela 100, kuyilapho itshe - 1000. Cishe izikhathi 7-12 attenuate emiphongolweni emisebeni engakuhlomele futhi ifakwe ukunciphisa ukuchayeka yayo izikhathi 350-400. Ngakho, ukufihla uhlobo elula abe ongaphakeme Ukuvikelwa isici, kunokwethenjelwa - ephakeme.

Ukuthi baziphathe kanjani ezindaweni zokukhosela

Kukhona imithetho ethile yokuziphatha e distributor ensimini. Ubuthi zokukhosela ugcwalise ngokushesha futhi ihlelwe. Endaweni kuqala yokukhosela kweqiwe izingane, abantu abadala kanye nabesifazane nezingane. Basuke etholakala ezindaweni ezenzelwe ngqo kubo. Umuntu endaweni yokukhosela, ukuthatha kudla izinsuku ezimbili (zihambisana plastic). Kumelwe futhi ukuba abe imibhalo okuqondene ethoyilethi, siqu izinto zokuzivikela (zazo sizoxoxa kamuva) kanye nelinanincane lema-izimpahla zabo.

Strong-kamnandi futhi izinto ezingase zibambe umlilo akuvunyelwe ukuba kulethwe ERP. Futhi, akuvezi isilwane, ukuthatha izinto besiyoba sikhulu. Izakhiwo akakwazi ukuhamba ngokungadingekile. Asikho isidingo ukukhanyisa izibani, amakhandlela, ezenziwe ekhaya amalambu kaphalafini ngaphandle kwemvume. Abantu abakhuluphele ecashile, kumele uthobele yonke imiyalelo futhi nezidingo umkhuzi webutho.

Isiphetho yokukhosela senziwa, noma njengoba kudingeka, noma "Ziba" ngemuva komsindo. Uma imiphumela esemqoka enisuthi, ke Kwenziwa ngokusebenzisa ophumayo eziphuthumayo. Endabeni engekho yokugcina kuyadingeka ukuthatha izinyathelo ukuze eqothula ukuvaleka nezicabha ukuvulwa okuphoqa abantu ngokuhlala yokukhosela.

Indlela yokuzivikela emisebeni?

Yonke imithombo emisebeni kube nengozi ephezulu. Naphezu kwakho konke lokhu, zikhona izindlela ukuvikela ukuchayeka. Ukuqokwa fallout zokukhosela kuyinto ukunciphisa omubi ngemiphumela yokukhishwa kwemisebe. Nokho, ngeke aluqede ngokuphelele emiphumeleni elimazayo. Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi zikhona ezinye izindlela uzivikele kuyo. Abakwazi ihlukaniswe 3 izinhlobo: ibanga, isikhathi, kanye izembatho zokuzivikela. Ukuhlola kafushane ngamunye wabo.

isikhathi Ukuvikelwa

Ingqikithi le ndlela sokuvikela ukunciphisa isikhathi sokuhlala lomuntu eduze umthombo ngemisebe. Umonakalo empilweni yethu enkulu, isikhathi eside thina ungekho kude umthombo yokukhishwa kwemisebe. Le ndlela yokuvikela isetshenziswa, ikakhulukazi, ukuba kubulawe yingozi yaseChernobyl. Bendawo wanikwa imizuzu embalwa nje ukuze uqedele umsebenzi wabo bese ubuyela endaweni ephephile. Kuyinto kakhulu ngemiphumela ngeshwa ekutheni sokuvala ngesikhathi okungaba endaweni ethintekile. ukuchayeka yanda, kubangele ukugula ngemisebe kungenzeka.

Ukuvikelwa ibanga

Lapho into lutholwa, okuyinto umthombo emisebeni, ziyingozi empilweni yomuntu futhi ukuphila, kubalulekile ukuhambisa kude ukuze ibanga lapho emisebeni nemisebe isizinda ingeqi imikhawulo kuvunyelwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umthombo emisebeni kungenziwa lakhishwa ukwenze ngenjongo yokungilungiselela ukungcwatshwa noma uwubeke endaweni ephephile.

imishini Siqu Ukuvikelwa

Ngesinye isikhathi kuyadingeka ukuba afeze noma yimuphi umsebenzi ezindaweni isizinda emisebeni eliphezulu. Isibonelo, lokhu akunakugwenywa lapho yengozi isikhungo esiphehla ugesi wenuzi noma emsebenzini ku ezihlukahlukene amabhizinisi zezimboni, okuyizinto izinto ezinemisebe. Ezindaweni ezinjalo kufanele kwenziwe njalo ukuqapha ngemisebe. Kukhona akukwazi ngaphandle ukuvikelwa. Kuyingozi ngoba impilo ngisho izimpilo zabantu. Ukuze Ezimweni ezinjalo, umuntu izindlela Ukuvikelwa ngemisebe zidaliwe. It Screens out izinto, uyephuza ezithile izinhlobo yokukhishwa kwemisebe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-PPE zihlanganisa coveralls.

Kunezinhlobo eziningana emisebeni kuye icala kanye nesimo izinhlayiya ngemisebe. Ngakho-ke, indlela Ukuvikelwa kwenziwa ngezinto ezahlukene ukumelana ezithile yokukhishwa kwemisebe.

Ukuze bazivikele alpha ngemisebe, ungakwazi agqoke amagilavu iraba, ngomshini noma ekusebenziseni ifoni okuvamile "isithiyo" leliphepha. Uma oqavile beta-radiation, isikrini uzodinga ishidi ezondile aluminium, ingilazi noma plexiglass. wokuphefumula Neutral ayikwazi ukuvikela abantu umgudu wokuphefumula kusukela kulolu hlobo yokukhishwa kwemisebe. Kulokhu, uzodinga buso igesi.

Ngu-gamma emisebeni ukuze bazivikele enzima. Amayunifomu kokuba Isivikelo sokumelana nalolu hlobo lemisebe kumele ezenziwe ngensimbi, yensimbi inkatho, okuhola tungsten noma ezinye izinsimbi kokuba mass esikhulu. Ekusebentiseni emsebenzini eChernobyl esikhungweni samandla enuzi ukusebenzisa izingubo ezenziwe phambili.

izinhlobo ezahlukene polyethylene izithiyo, polymers ngisho amanzi angakuvikela umonakalo obangelwa ukuchayeka neutron izinhlayiya.

izithasiselo zokudla kanye nemikhiqizo

lwezakhamzimba avame ukusetshenziswa ukuze azivikele emisebeni kanye izikrini ovaloli. Badinga ukuze uyiswe ngomlomo noma ngaphambi kokufinyelela indawo ngemisebe, noma ngemva kwalokho. Ezimweni eziningi, zisiza ukunciphisa umthelela ongemuhle radionuclides emzimbeni womuntu.

Okunye ukudla futhi kusize ekunciphiseni imiphumela elimazayo yokukhishwa kwemisebe. Phakathi kwabo kufanele kuphawulwe kakolweni, isinkwa esimhlophe, walnuts kanye radishes. Ngo ngezinga elincane lokhu kudla kunganciphisa ngemiphumela yokukhishwa kwemisebe ku womuntu ngenxa yokubakhona selenium, okuyinto evimbela ukwakheka izimila kubangelwa, kuhlanganise njalo yokuchayeka emisebeni ye. Kule mpi naye muhle kakhulu, futhi amaphilisi wenza ngesisekelo ulwelwe (Chlorella, kelp). Uyokhulula umzimba nuclides enemisebe bakwazi ukungena kuwo, ngisho garlic kancane onekhono kanye anyanisi.

"Ginseng" - i imithi ngempumelelo herbal ngokumelene ngemisebe. Bayidayise zonke ekhemisi. Kufanele kusetshenziswe imali 40-50 lehla kabili ngaphambi yokudla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwehlisa lokuhlushwa radionuclides emzimbeni womuntu kusiza akhiphe Eleutherococcus. Kumele kusetshenziswe imali 0.25-0.5 isipuni usuku itiye ekuseni emini. Ukuze uvikeleke emisebeni kukhona lungwort ewusizo, uSathane Leuzea, nayo okuthengiswa ekhemisi.

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi akukho izidakamizwa akakwazi aluqede ngokuphelele emiphumeleni elimazayo yokukhishwa kwemisebe. Indlela engcono kakhulu ukuvikela ngokumelene nalo - zigweme ukuthintana izinto enobuthi, futhi ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka ukushiya indawo, ukuba radioactivity anda. Asylum futhi fallout zokukhosela kungasiza kakhulu ukunciphisa umthelela ongemuhle emisebeni, uma kungenakwenzeka ukuba ashiye indawo eyingozi.