Sangarski strait (Tsugaru) phakathi Japanese futhi Honshu, Hokkaido. Seikan ujantshi Umhubhe

Tsugaru Strait, eyaziwa nangokuthi Tsugaru, elise phakathi iziqhingi Japanese of Honshu futhi Hokkaido. It lebhokisi Sea of Japan futhi elwandle eliKhulu iPacific, kuyilapho ngaphansi iyona Seikan - Umhubhe ujantshi esisuka kusukela Aomori ukuze Hakodate.

Imininingwane Strait

Tsugaru ububanzi zokhahlamba kusuka 18 kuya 110 km, kuncike indawo nesilinganiso, ubude 96 km. I we imikhumbi ingxenye ukujula kuncike esikhathini namagagasi, ngakho-ke ziyahlukahluka kusuka 110 kuya cishe 500 metres.

Igama lakhe kwakungu behlonipha Strait of Peninsula Tsugaru, esisogwini enhla nenyakatho Honshu. kwaba okufanayo njengoba ubizwa ngokuthi isizwe, ethnonym owayehlala kule ndawo.

Kuze phakathi nekhulu le-lamashumi amabili. igama olusemthethweni Tsugaru Strait lalibhekwa njengento yokuqala nge yakhe ibalazwe isithombe edonswa Admiral Kruzenshtern, okwayinika nje endaweni yegama ezinjalo.

Naphezu kobuningi ka anchorages, Tsugaru kahle ezinomoya ngenxa yokungabi bikho izindawo avaliwe. Bobabili amabhange eseduze strait Have okungajwayelekile sendawo (mhlawumbe entabeni) ezimboziwe nge aminyene ihlathi.

Esiseduzane emadolobheni Aomori Tsugaru zitholakala ohlangothini lwaseningizimu, futhi Hakodate ku esiqhingini Hokkaido (Japan). Futhi useduze isihlobo ukuba Sapporo Yubari.

Umkhuba labalulekile eluLwimi Tsugaru siqondiswe empumalanga, kodwa unekhono azikhandle ukushintsha inkambo ukuhamba kwayo, lafinyelela ijubane cishe 6 km / h, kanti wave olwandle iza ijubane 2 m / umzuzwana.

Imodi Tsugaru Strait

Ngaphambi ukudlula ukuhweba Umhlaba Okwesibili nemikhumbi lempi ngokusebenzisa Tsugaru Strait kwaba khulula. Ngoba kuze kube ngaleso sikhathi kwakungenziwanga waphetha yiziphi izivumelwano ukulawula imodi Tsugaru, Land of YeJapan ngenkuthalo wasebenzisa leli ukungenzi ngokumelene USSR. Ngakho, leholele kweMpi Yezwe II, Japan likwazi ukufinyelela avaliwe eStraits ukuze zonke izinto zakwamanye amazwe, wathi indawo isimo sika ukuzivikela.

Kwaphela iminyaka eminingi Ngokuzayo futhi imikhumbi Soviet baye bahluleka ukudlula indlela emfushane ePacific Ocean. It kwakubaluleke kakhulu, t. Ukuze. I-Sea of Japan (kumephu kulula ukuthola) ivaliwe, futhi kwaba kuphela Tsugaru Strait kuxhumene ngayo amanzi evulekile.

Ngoba ngemva kwempi, nge ukunqotshwa imperialism eJapane, udaba lwemikhumbi ukudlula imodi eyayibekwe ehlukile. Ngenxa yalokho, ngesikhathi kunesithangami sabezindaba ngo-1951 e-San Francisco ukuthula isivumelwano Japan, eU.SSR, kwasikiselwa demilitarization Strait kokuvula ngemikhumbi yakhona yomthengisi bazo zonke izizwe nezinhlanga zokuthutha ezempi uthi ugu. Nokho, iSoviet Union sinqatshiwe isinyathelo, naphezu ezinengqondo yayo kusukela iphuzu Ngenxa ukuqinisekisa inkululeko nokuphepha navigation.

Namuhla Tsugaru Strait kuyinto zone khulula for ukudlula yonke imikhumbi, kodwa ixhomeke imodi of Japan ngokuqonda futhi nganoma isiphi isikhathi ungashintsha.

Tsugaru futhi Sea of Japan

Mepha le emanzini itholakala elwandle eliKhulu iPacific, ahlukaniswe kuwo yi-eziqhingini zaseJapane Sakhalin. endaweni yaso kwezigidi ezingu 1,062 sq. km.

ice amanzi Northern ebusika ayenele, futhi kuphela ice ulwandle ingxenye kule side Tsugaru Strait. Lokhu kwenza kube ethandwa kakhulu izitsha commercial ezindaweni ezisogwini Russia njengoba indlela emfushane ePacific Ocean. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inqubomgomo okhona manje wezempi Japan kuye kwalinciphisa kakhulu amanzi indawo - kuze kufinyelele 3 nautical miles (esikhundleni 20) ukusuka ogwini, US Navy zingase zidlulisele ngokukhululekile ngokusebenzisa Tsugaru Strait ngaphandle lokwephula umthetho ekuvimbeleni, izikhali zenuzi ensimini ka ezweni lapho ilanga liphuma.

Sea of Japan, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-Eastern, awashe ogwini Russia, naseJapane - enkantolo yezempi kulawa mazwe, ngokuvumelana USSR, base ukufinyelela Tsugaru.

Futhi Tsugaru Strait isetshenziselwa ukubamba izinhlanzi, izinkalankala kanye ukukhiqizwa izimila zasolwandle.

Seikan

Sesitimela Umhubhe Seikan 53,85 km ubude nge insalela 23.3 km, amanzi aphumayo at amamitha angu-100 ngezansi ukujula ulwandle luqala ukujula kakhulu, kumila ukwakhiwa Umhubhe Gotthard kubhekwa isikhathi eside emhlabeni. Ngenxa eziphansi air travel ngaphakathi Japan ingajwayelekile phakathi bendawo, njengabangelutho kakhulu ukuba ubude besikhathi endleleni.

Lokhu tonel siphela ngaphansi Tsugaru Strait, ukwakha wesitimela uxhumano phakathi Honshu futhi Hokkaido, ekubeni yingxenye Kaikyo umugqa (Kaikyo). igama Its livela egameni esifushanisiwe komuzi, phakathi kuwo welulele - Aomori futhi Hakodate.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, Seikan - okwesibili emva ukwakhiwa the kwamanzi Umhubhe Kammon yokuxhuma ostorova Honshu (Japan) kanye Kyushu.

Umlando umhubhe

Ukuklama Seikan wathatha iminyaka 9. Ubizwa kusakhiwa e '24 ngesikhathi kusuka ngo-1964 kuya 1988. Ukwakhiwa abathintekayo abantu abangaphezu kuka-14 million, jointless kwavula indlela.

Lolu hlobo ikakhulukazi sokwakha ujantshi, esebenzisa eziphothene wesitimela umgijimi, okuyinto kakhulu ephakeme ukwedlula standard. Nokho, ngenxa lobu buchwepheshe indlela jointless okuhlala isikhathi eside futhi enokwethenjelwa operation, idinga ukunakekelwa okukhethekile futhi ukunakekelwa, ngoba imiphumela ukwehluleka ngokuvamile ebulalayo.

Umfutho ukwakhiwa umhubhe lwaba isenzakalo esivelele kuka-1954: ku Tsugaru Strait usebhekene inhlekelele olubanzi zasolwandle, okuyinto esabulala abantu abaningi kunazo 1,000. Bonke laba bantu babe Abagibeli izikebhe ezinhlanu ezazihamba phakathi Honshu futhi Hokkaido. uhulumeni Japan wasabela kulesi senzo cishe ngokushesha - ngonyaka ozayo igcwaliswe inhlolovo isebenza ngesisekelo ngalo kwanqunywa ukuba kwakhiwe Seikan. Izindleko ukwakhiwa yayo amanani sikhathi zaba cishe u- $ 4 billion.

Mashi 13, 1988, lo mhubhe kwavuleka yizimpahla nomgibeli traffic.

yesimanjemanje

izitimela ngesivinini, odlulayo ukuba kude nendlu 900 km phakathi Tokyo futhi Hakodate (Hokkaido ostorov) 4 amahora - Mashi 26 ukunyakaza Shinkansen wethulwa Umhubhe Seikan.

Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, manje emhubheni uyaqhubeka ube free, njengoba ngisho indawo isikebhe ukuba emhubheni wesitimela wayengakwazi ukuyeka ukwehla umgibeli traffic kule ndawo. Eminyakeni nanye kusukela ekuqaleni ukusebenza kwe-Seikan yawela ngabantu abangaphezu kuka-1 million. Ngaphambili, ivolumu ukugeleza abagibeli mkhulu kunezinhliziyo 3 million, kodwa wawela ngonyaka we-1999 ukuya ngaphansi kuka-2 Mill.