Izingozi at enuzi izitshalo amandla. Le ngozi eChernobyl: izimbangela, Bendawo nemiphumela

Zenzele isihloko kwenzeka le nhlekelele yaseChernobyl (njengoba ngobukhulu esikhungweni samandla enuzi ingozi) nasemiphumeleni yaso awunakuba khona ngaphandle kokuthethelela kuvisisa kuyini sonke isifunda phambi ingoti. Ngakho-ke, kulesi sihloko kumele kuqale nge umlando eChernobyl wesifunda, Kyïv esifundeni, ngokunembile, ngisho umlando edolobheni eChernobyl. Le ngozi ngesikhathi isikhungo esiphehla ugesi wenuzi ziqine exhunywe umuzi inhlekelele ezenziwe umuntu, kodwa kukhulunywa ngaye okokuqala ke esukela emuva ekhulwini le-15 (e imithombo Lithuanian), futhi inomlando omude.

Umlando eChernobyl nasezindaweni ezizungezile

Phakathi kwenqubo yokwakhiwa kwamakoloni emazweni Ukrainian izikhulu Polish ngekhulu le-16 eduze eChernobyl Yakhiwa inqaba enkulu, okuyinto ezisekhona kuze kube namuhla kuphela umsele. EChernobyl ngokwayo (njengoba ibanga kusuka dolobha Commonwealth) lalakhiwe ikakhulukazi amaJuda, lapho waba omunye izikhungo Hasidism (okunye kokusakazwa zobuJuda) ngemuva kokukhokha edolobheni lwamakhosi urabi Hasidic Menachem Tver. Ngemva ngokujoyina eChernobyl uMbuso Russian edolobhaneni basungula isiko Ukrainian, eChernobyl elaba isikhungo iculo Ukraine Northern Polissya. Phakathi nomsebenzi wamaNazi edolobheni saphela isikhungo zokuphila kwamaJuda, ngenxa yezizathu ezisobala. Ngemva kokuphela kwempi ngo eChernobyl kwaqala inkathi yentuthuko umkhakha. Elokishini atholwe isimo somuzi bakhona lakhula.

Ngakho, eChernobyl yayikhona eside ngaphambi kokuba kube ingozi ngesikhathi eChernobyl amandla enuzi. Idolobhana Sekuyisikhathi eside ezihlobene hhayi kuphela esikhungweni sokuphehla amandla enuzi, kodwa ubuye ube isikhungo zezimboni, kanye nendawo ukuthuthukiswa isiko Ukrainian namaJuda.

Ukwakhiwa nokuthuthukiswa esifundeni EChernobyl

Ngo-1970, owokuqala endaweni yesimanje Ukraine isikhungo esiphehla ugesi wenuzi lakhiwa endaweni eChernobyl, babiza behlonipha umholi ezweni sabasebenzi VI Lenin. Yiqiniso, uVladimir Ilyich kwadingeka ongesona isihlobo endaweni eChernobyl, futhi Lenin wayehlile bengasakhiqizi kulezi zindawo. Kodwa kusukela eChernobyl amandla enuzi Yakhiwa empeleni e esigangeni ukuthi Ayaziwa ngokusungula izenzakalo abadumile noma abantu abadumile, kuyiqiniso ukuthi amandla enuzi eyakhelwe ngaphakathi kohlaka uhlelo lokuthuthukiswa amandla enuzi eSoviet Union, inqubomgomo okuyinto kuchazwe iCongress of the CPSU, yethiwa kakhulu ohlonishwayo eSoviet isimo indoda.

Eziyishumi amakhilomitha waya edolobheni eliseduze - ibanga elide ngendlu simila. Ngakho-ke, eduze elidumile eChernobyl umkhakha yenuzi yayisekelwe emzaneni Pripyat, wathola ngo-1979 isimo edolobheni. Yonke labantu evuvukele iminyaka embalwa edolobheni iye yaba nesandla samandla enunzi noma okunye wakhonza abasebenzi bayo emzini. Zonke umkhakha ezisemadolobheni yayihloselwe kuphela ekuqinisekiseni izidingo embonini enuzi kanye esiteshini. Ngesikhathi le ngozi labantu Pripyat ifinyelele cishe izinkulungwane 50 abantu.

emzini eChernobyl azange abe isikhungo esiphehla ugesi wenuzi akulona ubuhlobo kancane, ngaphandle ukusondela womhlaba. Waphila eminyaka. Kodwa kwaba ingozi ngesikhathi eChernobyl amandla enuzi, exhunywe kwi-dolobha ukusondela indawo kuphela, yenza isikhungo ukunakwa emhlabeni.

Ukuphahlazeka 1986

Ngo-1983 yena waba, njengoba besho, ngokuxhamazela lakhiwa wesine amandla iyunithi eChernobyl NPP. Eminyakeni ethile ngaphambili, ososayensi Soviet eyakhelwe isikhungo esiphehla ugesi wenuzi e-Iraq, elabhujiswa kusukela fighters emoyeni Israeli Air Force. Lokhu kuhlasela wabonisa lusizo ngokuphelele kweSoviet amandla enuzi umkhakha phambi ukugasela, ngakho ososayensi Soviet zenuzi baqala ukucabanga ukuthi ukunikeza ugesi ukuze edolobheni uma kwenzeka ukugasela kwi sikhungo senuzi. Ukuze ucwaningo kule siqondiso futhi iyunithi wesine Yakhiwa, ukufihla uquqaba amaphutha nobuthaka, okwenziwe ngesikhathi ukwakhiwa yayo.

Ebusuku, April 26, 1986 ngozi ngesikhathi eChernobyl esikhungweni samandla enuzi ezenzeka esikhathini sesine amandla iyunithi sokuphehla amandla. Phakathi ucwaningo lo ophendulayo, kwakukhona ukuqhuma ezimbili yamandla eminye ichazwe isiphetho unenviable kwezinkulungwane zabantu labantu emzini Pripyat nasezindaweni ezizungezile, kuhlanganise nasedolobheni eChernobyl. Ukuqhuma kwabangelwa okweqile we ophendulayo, okuyinto waklebhula off isivalo nokukhululwa izindodla emisebeni emoyeni.

Izimbangela yingozi yaseChernobyl

Izimbangela yingozi yaseChernobyl Uyi isihloko impikiswano namuhla, futhi ukubeka phambili mbono eziningi njengoba evumelekile futhi ngokuphelele kumnandi. Kodwa izimbangela ezimbili sobala zigigaba zenzeka kungathiwa ngesikhathi eChernobyl amandla enuzi - yezombangazwe futhi lobuchwepheshe.

yizizathu zezombangazwe

ESoviet Union, akungabazeki, ke bamlalela kakhulu imfundo. amanyuvesi Soviet iziqu ochwepheshe abaqeqeshiwe in yonke imikhakha yesayensi namasiko. Kodwa ukuthutha up career isitebhisi idiploma kwakubaluleke yesibili, okubaluleke nakakhulu ukuthi impumelelo ekuqeqesheni zezombusazwe, kanye nobuqotho bukaJesu kwaze kwaba Party, izinhloso zayo okusezingeni eliphezulu. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, isikhundla unjiniyela induna eChernobyl kwaba esebenzayo party isisebenzi kanye CEO, uNikolai Fomin, owayeyilungu onguchwepheshe emkhakheni ezishisayo izitshalo amandla, kodwa kwaba ngokuphelele yokungawazi ngamandla enuzi umkhakha. He cishe akazange aphazamise imisebenzi abangaphansi futhi ngokuphelele omethembayo nephini lakhe Dyatlov, oqokelwe kulesi sikhundla ngonyaka ka-yingozi yaseChernobyl. Dyatlov khona ososayensi yenuzi nazo, kodwa kufika e Pripyat ngokuqondile ukuqhuba uyabukeka ucwaningo uhulumeni ne ophendulayo ukuthi kwesibhamu ebusuku. Fomin yena ngenkathi elele ngokuthula embhedeni wakhe.

Futhi Iziqophamithi, futhi Fomin, futhi umqondisi eChernobyl nomnqopho owodwa ezivamile - ugazi ubuholi beqembu lakhe libe phezulu isikhundla esiphakeme umsebenzi. A Dyatlov okhonzile esizwa naye egumbini control ngesikhathi ucwaningo, ukwazi izingozi manipulations ne ophendulayo, wesaba nabangalilaleli oda abaphathi bakhe ngokushesha, njengoba basongelwa ngokuthi babezoxoshwa emsebenzini ososayensi zenuzi babesuka Pripyat efudumele, lapho umuzi ukubanda ososayensi e-athomu eSiberia.

Ngakho, esinye sezizathu ezinkulu zokuthi kungani le ngozi yenzeke eChernobyl kwaba, ngakolunye uhlangothi, lo ukunganaki of abaphathi abaphezulu isitshalo, futhi ngakolunye - abasebenzi manqikanqika senqabe ukuthobela ngokucacile esiyingozi ukuphathwa ilungele isimo esithile.

isizathu Technical

Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, ngobusuku yengozi ukuhlola amandla plant lwenziwe ngemiyalo yezikhulu eMoscow uqobo. injongo Technical ukuhlola kwaba lokufeza ukuvala shaqa okuphelele umusi abaphehla ugesi namandla ukuya ugesi kusukela ugesi at amandla ukusebenza eliphansi ophendulayo. Ngakho, ngemcondvo kungenzeka ukugwema ukuvuza emisebeni ngesikhathi kuqhuma amabhomu esikhungweni sokuphehla amandla enuzi, Ngokuqhubeka ngogesi isikhathi esithile.

Ukuze ukuhlola ukuthi kwakudingekile ukunciphisa amandla ophendulayo ukuze megawatts 700. Kodwa kule nqubo ye ukwehlisa amandla ophendulayo lehla cishe ngokuphelele. Ngokusho imiyalelo onjiniyela zenuzi kwakudingeka ayeke ngokuphelele ophendulayo, futhi kuphela ke uqale futhi. Kodwa Dyatlov ufuna imiphumela okusheshayo, ngakho-ke wayaleza onjiniyela wakhe ukubonisa yonke izinduku ukulawula kusukela ophendulayo, ukuqinisekisa ukulawula amandla, kanjalo okubangela enzeke abukhali. Nokho, yokulimala ekwakhiweni kwemisila ophendulayo kuholele ukuthi izinzwa ukulawula izinduku akakhishwanga lokushisa ukufundwa kusuka phansi ophendulayo, lapho emva kokukhipha izinduku lokushisa laqala ukwenyuka kakhulu.

Njengobe abengakwati konkhe loko lokhu, ukugxila ukufundwa, baye baqhubeka uzizamele namandla megawatts 200 (kuphambene 700 kunesidingo) kanye ukumisa ophephela. Ngaphansi kwethonya amanzi ephezulu lokushisa ayahwamuka ngokushesha, kanti ophendulayo waqala overheat kakhulu, kodwa onjiniyela baye bafunda ngakho Wakhumbula lapho isisebenzi wazibonela mathupha ukuthi umusi Uphakamisa izinduku control.

Eqaphela le ngozi ukuthi isimo siyini, Dyatlov wanquma ukuqhubeka ukuncishiswa eziphuthumayo emandleni ophendulayo. Ngokomthetho, lokhu kusho kokubili ukucwiliswa esiphezulu zonke izinduku control. Okwazekayo, lokhu kufanele kuholele okusheshayo ukwehla ophendulayo lokushisa, kodwa onjiniyela musa acabangele ukuthi imikhawulo izinduku nge uxhumano lokudlulisa kuyinto graphite, okuyinto ekuqaleni kafushane kuphakamisa lokushisa ophendulayo. Futhi njengoba izinduku kwehlisa kanyekanye, izinga lokushisa ophendulayo rose acishe kweso kayishumi, kuphumele ophendulayo bengeke bame ingcindezi iqhume.

Ngakho, izimbangela lobuchwepheshe yingozi yaseChernobyl abahlangene amaphutha ophendulayo ukwakhiwa yayo, kanye bomshayeli kanye nokwephula imithetho.

Zithuthe abantu abalinganiselwa ku kanye nokuhlolwa komthelela

Njengoba yingozi yaseChernobyl senzeka ebusuku, kokuhlaziywa kwamathenda imiphumela aso eqala kuphela ekuseni mhlaka 27 Apreli. Ngaphambi kokuba izicishamlilo ambalwa bathunyelwa nokuqedwa umlilo ngenxa yokuqhuma. Ngemva ukuhlaziya ebusweni kanye nekulinganisa ngokuvamile izinga lemisebe ye emoyeni, owawungumnyaka ezingaphezu kuka-120-x-reyi (ngesilinganiso afika ku 20), kwaba nesidingo esicacile basishiye.

Ngaleso sikhathi abantu aziswe ngokusemthethweni ngesidingo okwesikhashana sibalekele imizi eseduze Kyïv sifunda. Khona-ke akekho akabonanga ubukhulu kwenzekeni. Indawo idolobha ukuthuthwa kwabantu ngenxa yengozi sezihlonziwe, okuyinto wayekhuliswe wonke ezisemadolobheni ibhasi imikhumbi. Abantu bashiye ngokushesha, ngakho izakhamuzi zaphoqeleka ukuba bashiye zonke izinto zabo ngabasebenzi ngokwethembeka emizini yabo, futhi abaningi babo akazange okwakwenqatshelwe ukuthekelisa ngenxa ingozi kwazo imisebe.

Njengoba ingozi eChernobyl kwenzeka ngokuzumayo, ngalusuku lunye, abantu baye balahlekelwa cishe yikho konke: umsebenzi, nophahla phezu kwamakhanda abo, zuza izinkinga zempilo ezingathí sina, futhi abaningi phakathi neminyaka embalwa, wafa ekuguleni ngemisebe, abashonelwa abathandekayo. Kodwa imiphumela le nhlekelele babe ezinkulu okuningi Pripyat, eChernobyl futhi sonke isifunda. Kushisa bhé kule ndawo baya entshonalanga, ephakamisela ngemuva emisebeni e Belarus eYurophu Ephakathi. Ukwandisa izinga lemisebe ye-babeze bakhale Sweden. Kodwa akuzona zonke umhlali Pripyat nemizana ezizungezile ushiye indawo elinegciwane. Ezinye izakhamuzi, kakhulu ziyabathanda ezweni lakubo, baye bahlala emizini yabo. Laba bantu kwadingeka ukuba ezwe Yini embi ngalo amandla enuzi.

ukuqedwa ingozi

Naphezu sibaleka, ukushiya ophendulayo sasikhipha emisebeni ebulalayo, kwakungenakwenzeka njengoba kukhona, ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokuphelele ayeke eChernobyl esikhungweni samandla enuzi ngokushesha ngemuva kwengozi kwakungenakwenzeka nhlobo. Ngakho-ke, iqembu Bendawo kwamiswa zokuqeda nemiphumela.

Bendawo yengozi eChernobyl zalotshwa ngokuzithandela. Phakathi kwabo kwakuno-kokubili eziphuthumayo Izimo Ministry kanye ezempi, ezihlanganisa iyolwa, benakekelana nezakhamuzi. abezindaba Soviet ukusakaza mayelana nokuphepha kanye amandla enuzi samanje, watshelwa ukuthi ikusasa lakhe. Ngaleso sikhathi, abantu abangenalwazi e ngamandla enuzi, hhayi kokunaka izingozi ngalesi simo, ngoba Bendawo yengozi eChernobyl babe ngokuzithandela, befuna ngobuqotho ukusiza abantu bakubo.

Kungaleso sikhathi kuphela lapho ebona ukuthi kabi libukelwa phansi impilo yakhe. Enye yezinto ezisemqoka kwaba ukugcwalisa Bendawo ophendulayo. Ngenxa yalokho, emhlabeni ophendulayo Bendawo amabutho sarcophagus Yakhiwa, okuyinto wawuwukuvimba ukusabalala kwaleso ngemisebe ukunikeza ithemba ukuthi uma eChernobyl esifundeni iyoba waphinda kube sikulungele ukuba kuphilwe kuso.

Bendawo wathola umthamo ngemisebe ubulale abantu abaningi iminyaka eminingi. Abanye ukhubazeka, idinga ukunakekelwa njalo yezokwelapha ezibizayo. Bendawo Okokuqala ngokushesha nje umsebenzi wabo uthunyelwe ngu indiza eMoscow e-Institute of ukugula ngemisebe, kuphela ngaleso sikhathi eSoviet Union. Ezinye Bendawo, sabanjwa kulesi sikhungo, wakwazi ukuhlenga. Abanye abantu abathole isibonelelo sikahulumeni ngesimo impesheni nezinzuzo, futhi alondolozwe i-Ukraine ezimele kuze kube namuhla.

Imiphumela le ngozi eChernobyl esifundeni: ekudalweni kwendoda nowesifazane indawo okungayi

Imiphumela yingozi yaseChernobyl babe inhlekelele. Zonke eChernobyl wesifunda Kyïv esifundeni wayebhekwa zithi ayifaneleki ukuze uhlalwe, ngakho ukuthi iqedwe futhi idluliselwe nendawo ethile ye-Ivankov wesifunda Kyïv sifunda. Le ndawo eChernobyl kwathiwa zone bokuhlukaniswa. On the imigwaqo eya endaweni Kwamiswa angabanjwa, futhi insimu uqobo ekugcineni ebiyelwe ukuze awuvikele abaphangi.

Mayelana indawo okungayi kukhona namahlebezi amaningi nama-legends, kwakuzwakala izimbangela eziningi ehlukile izingozi at enuzi izitshalo amandla. EChernobyl zone ngaphezu kwesikhathi esisodwa wavakashela isikhungo ukunakwa abalobi, izintatheli Abadali imidlalo yama-computer. Iphinde idonse bezithombe njengoba indawo yengozi simila. Izithombe kweziningi zalezi zindawo, senziwe postapokapalipticheskom isitayela yabakhanga ngabandayo.

Umbono wokuthi zone eChernobyl iqukethe izimfihlo ezifihlakele nguhulumeni, kukhona namuhla, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ukulawula engena zone Akunzima ngakho, futhi eChernobyl kukhona esisemthethweni izivakashi hambo.

Izivakashi ezivela emazweni ahlukahlukene edonsela emzini Pripyat, okuyinto idolobha-Museum, okuyinto eba yiqhwa nenkathi yamaSoviet of the Eighties sekwephuzile. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, lishintsha lutho. Woods eChernobyl, baye baba acwebile, laba indawo ozithandayo abazingeli. A vintage eChernobyl (NPP ingozi kwakuthinta kancane) uye kubantu obakhathalelayo abayishumi babuyela emakhaya.

Umqondisi wayeseqiniseka futhi ezithakazelisayo yengozi eChernobyl amandla enuzi. Le filimu "Butterflies", wathwebula Ukraine ngo-2013, kuye kwaba wobuciko real cinema, okuvumela umbukeli eziphonsa ezweni imizwelo yabantu, sabanjwa lingabuyela izenzakalo ngaleso sikhathi.

Imiphumela yale ngozi womhlaba wonke. Umhlaba ukuphendula umphakathi

ukuthuthwa kwabantu ngenxa yengozi Ephoqelekile kuye kwaholela ekulahlekelweni irretrievable isiko eyiqiniso eChernobyl esifundeni, ogama abakhileyo wayeshiye hhayi kuphela e Kiev esifundeni, kodwa futhi kulo lonke izwe. ESoviet Union waphoqeleka ukuba aphinde acabange isimo sabo sengqondo ukuze amandla enuzi kanye nokusetshenziswa kwayo abantu abaningi. Futhi, ezinye izazi-mlando zikholelwa ukuthi imiphumela yingozi yaseChernobyl phansi igunya uhulumeni emehlweni sabantu.

Izwe, ikakhulukazi i-capitalism, umphakathi, politicized ngu iMpi Yomshoshaphansi, uzwakalise umbhikisho omkhulu Ikheli eSoviet Union ngokuqondene nesanda radioactivity yayo. abezindaba Western ezazigcwele izihloko mayelana unya ubuholi yaseSoviet yokuthuthela isimo, ukuthi imiphumela izingozi at enuzi izitshalo amandla - umphumela ukuhlola ezisithekileyo, ukuba eqinisweni kwakungeyona kangaka iqiniso. Ikakhulukazi ngokucijile ekulweni neSoviet Union uzwakalise yeJapane, ososayensi Soviet ngokuthi namaqaba, ngubani akanakuthenjwa amandla enuzi. Mhlawumbe intatheli owabhala lesi sihloko elibuyekeziwe imibono yakhe ngemuva kwengozi Fukushima.

izingozi ezinkulu at enuzi izitshalo amandla emhlabeni

Nakuba eChernobyl inhlekelele bese kubhekwa ingozi enkulu ngaleso enuzi izitshalo amandla emhlabeni, futhi kwakukhona nezinye sigameko ezingengaphansi sina.

Le ngozi Mile Island

Eminyakeni eyisikhombisa ngaphambi ngozi yenzeke la kuhlangana eChernobyl amandla enuzi, 28 Mashi 1979 Ingozi yenuzi kwenzeka e-United States, amandla isitshalo Mile Island, esemgwaqweni Pennsylvania. Ngaleso sikhathi, le ngozi ayebhekwa esikhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni. ukuvuza emisebeni livelile ngenxa intuthuko ukushisa ipayipi iyunithi.

Naphezu kobukhulu besabelo yengozi isitshalo, uhulumeni wombuso awenzanga esiphuthumayo ophoqelelwe, ngoba akubhekwa engozini eziyingozi. Nokho, izingane nabesifazane abakhulelwe Namanje belulekwa ukushiya edolobheni eliseduze Garisberg okwesikhashana. Empeleni emigwaqweni eseduze emadodeni NPP kwesokunxele ngokwabo ngenxa yokwesaba imisebe enemisebe.

Isikhungo sokuphehla amandla enuzi Mile Island abayekanga umsebenzi wakhe futhi iyaqhubeka ukusebenza namuhla, njengoba ngobukhulu US sokuphehla amandla enuzi.

Le ngozi yaseFukushima

indawo Okwesibili esikalini ka ngemiphumela (ngemuva kwengozi) ithatha yengozi Fukushima amandla enuzi, etholakala engxenyeni esenyakatho-mpumalanga yeJapan. Le ngozi yenzeke ngoMashi 11, 2011. Ngenxa yalokho yokuzamazama komhlaba okunamandla 9 amaphuzu ku sikaRichter uvukile imitha-11-tsunami okusezingeni eliphezulu wave ukuthi Ugcwalise Fukushima-1 amandla amayunithi. Lokhu imbangela yokungaphumeleli kohlelo ophendulayo Ukupholisa futhi kwaholela ambalwa ukuqhuma hydrogen zone zalo asebenzayo.

Le ngozi yaseFukushima esikhungweni samandla enuzi aye wakubangela ukukhululwa emikhulu emisebeni, okuyinto izikhathi 20 mkhulu kunezinhliziyo eChernobyl esikanye nazo. Abantu abangaba ngu-30,000 babe kwazo imisebe. Yiqiniso, kuphela sibonga impendulo esifike ngesikhathi iziphathimandla Japanese, futhi eziphuthumayo ukulungela ephethwe ukuba sigweme imiphumela embi kakhulu ukwedlula kwakudinga kwenzeka ngo-1986 ingozi eChernobyl amandla enuzi. Noma kunjalo, ochwepheshe babikezela, kumelwe okungenani sibe neminyaka engu-20, kuyilapho imiphumela yale ngozi ngeke neutralized ngokugcwele. Le nhlekelele wathinta Japan nje kuphela kodwa futhi agudle ugu olusentshonalanga ye-United States, lapho izinsuku ezimbalwa emva ukuqhuma, futhi, khona ukwanda emisebeni zangemuva.

EJapane, njengoba e-US, akuzange kwenziwe sibaleka, njengoba yesimanje yama-athomu Ukuvikelwa amandla uhlelo ngokushesha okwasekhaya umthombo ekushayweni, ukuvimbela ekuguquleni amadolobha wonke ehlane lingenamuntu. Noma kunjalo, Japan kwadingeka ukuba sibekezelele eliphakeme lemisebe e ukudla, amanzi kanye nomoya endaweni Fukushima Prefecture, eduze ngokushesha we ophendulayo lilimele. kwezinkambiso yenhlanzeko amazinga emisebeni emikhiqizo eminingi ashintshiwe ngenxa yokuthi sinamathela kuzo kwakungenakwenzeka.

Ngokungangabazeki, amandla enuzi kuyinto ethembisayo engabizi, kodwa ukusebenza kwe enuzi izitshalo amandla kudinga ngokuqapha kakhudlwana, njengoba izimbangela izingozi at enuzi izitshalo amandla kungase kube ezingalindelekile kakhulu. Kodwa ngisho nazo zonke izidingo asikho isiqinisekiso sokuthi ukunganaki kothile noma lokungamukelwa bemvelo ngeke kubangele ingozi. Futhi ngemiphumela izingozi at enuzi izitshalo amandla ukuqeda ezingaphezu kweyodwa eyishumi. Ngakho-ke, namuhla imiqondo yomhlaba engcono ucabanga udala okunye enamandla enuzi izitshalo amandla.